Primordially Russian kukabwereka mawu: zitsanzo. mawu chiyambi yachilendo

Mmodzi mwa zigawo ndi etymology cha mawu kuphunzira chiyambi cha mawu pa maziko a kusintha mawu lonse chinenero. Primordially Russian ndi mawu anabwereka amaonedwa monga pamaso pa etymology. Awa ndi zigawo ziwiri, amene angathe kugawa mawu lonse chinenero Russian, mwa mawu a chiyambi. Chigawo chino lotanthauzira amapereka yankho ku funso la mmene mawu inali tanthauzo, kumene ndi pamene anaitenga, ndi kusintha kakusintha.

Russian mau

mawu onse amene alipo m'chinenero, amanena mawu a. Ndi thandizo lawo, ife timachitcha zosiyanasiyana zinthu, zochitika, zochita, zizindikiro, manambala, ndi zina zotero D..

Mawu chafotokozedwa ndi kulowa Asilavo zinenero dongosolo, chifukwa pamaso onse analengedwa ndi chitukuko. mawu Russian akulimba m'mbuyomu a mafuko Asilavo, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri zachitika ndi anthu. Izi otchedwa mawu mbadwa amene alipo kwa nthawi yaitali.

Komanso pali wosanjikiza lachiwiri la mawu: mawu amene anabwera kwa ife kuchokera zinenero zina chifukwa pakutchulidwa musiyane mbiri.

Choncho, ngati tikambirana mawu ochokera mfundo ya chiyambi, n'zotheka kupeza mawu mbadwa Russian, ndi yobwereka. Zitsanzo za mawu kuti magulu onse amene timapemphera mu chinenero lalikulu zedi.

Origin mawu Russian

mawu Russian tichipeza mawu oposa 150,000. Tiyeni tiwone chimene mawu amatchedwa mbadwa Russian.

Primordially Russian lotanthauzira ali magawo angapo:

1. Choyamba, wamkulu, muli mawu kutanthauza mfundo zimenezi, amene ali m'zinenero zonse (bambo, mayi, nyama, nkhandwe ndi ena);
2. Iwo amapanga gawo lachiwiri la mawu Proto-Asilavo ofanana ndi mafuko onse Asilavo (paini, tirigu, nyumba, nkhuku, kvass, tchizi, etc ...);
3. The gawo lachitatu la mawonekedwe mawu amene anaonekera mu mawu a kum'mawa Asilavo kuchokera kwa VI-VII (mdima, stepdaughter, manda, mapuloteni, lero);
4. Wachinayi gulu - kwenikweni maina Russian anaonekera mapeto a zaka XVI-XVII (kupanikizana, Mkuntho, chitsamba, mungazulenso, amene mumasangalala, tsiku lina, omanga, woyendetsa, chinyengo, ukhondo, etc ...).

The ndondomeko ya ngongole

Mu chinenero chathu azikhala mawu mbadwa Russian ndi yobwereka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chitukuko mbiri ya dziko.

Pamene anthu a ku Russia zaka analowa chikhalidwe, chuma, ndale, nkhondo, Gona malonda ndi mayiko ena ndi mayiko. Iwo ndithu mwachibadwa anatsogolera chakuti mu chinenero chathu mawu a anthu, amene tikugwirizana. Apo ayi, n'zosatheka pomvetsetsana.

Ndi zilankhulo izi kubwereka Russified pa nthawi mgulu la mawu wamba, ndipo ife asiya kuganizira iwo monga yachilendo. Aliyense amadziwa mawu monga "shuga", "kusamba", "womenyera ufulu", "mukupanga", "sukulu" ndi ena ambiri.

Native mawu Russian anabwereka ndiponso chitsanzo pamwamba, kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kukhala gawo la moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kuthandiza kumanga zolankhula zathu.

mawu yachilendo chinenero cha Chirasha

Kulowa chinenero chathu, mawu achilendo ndi kusinthidwa. Iwo kusintha amakhudza mbali zosiyana: ndi phonetics, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, manenedwe. Kutenga ngongole imvera malamulo athu. Mu Mawu awa pali kusintha mu malo, mu suffixes, kusintha jenda. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "yamalamulo" ndi wamphongo, ndipo mu German, kumene kudali - pafupifupi.

Mwina kusintha tanthauzo lake onse. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "zojambulajambula" ife limasonyeza ntchito ndi German - ndi "zojambulajambula."

Kusintha manenedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mawu ngongole, "zamzitini", "ndiwofatsa" ndi "osafuna kusintha" abwera kwa ife ku zinenero zosiyanasiyana ndiponso alibe chochita. Koma mu chilankhulo chake French, Latin ndi Chitaliyana, motero, iwo anabwera kuchokera ku Chilatini ndi 'kupulumutsa ".

Choncho ndikofunika kudziwa chinenero anabwereka mawu kumene. Zikuthandizani kudziwa tanthauzo lexical.

Komanso, nthawi zina zovuta kudziwa mbadwa mawu Russian kukabwereka mu mawu a misa, amene timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chaichi, pali otanthauzira, zomwe zinafotokozedwa tanthauzo chiyambi cha liwu lililonse.

Gulu la mawu ngongole

magulu awiri a mawu anabwereka kuima mtundu winawake:

• anabwera ku chinenero Asilavo;
• anatengedwa kuchokera zinenero sanali Asilavo.

Mu gulu loyamba akupanga oikamo staroslavyanizmy - mawu ndi kugonjetsa m'zaka za m'ma IX mu mabuku a mpingo. Ndipo mawu tsopano ambiri monga "mtanda", "chilengedwe", "mphamvu", "khalidwe labwino", etc. ambiri staroslavyanizmy ndi analogues Russian ( "masaya." - "masaya", "mkamwa" - "milomo" ndi ena. ) zigwire phonetic ( "zipata" - "chipata"), morphological ( "chisomo", "zopindula"), zamalankhulidwe ( "golide" - "golide") staroslavyanizmy.

Gulu lachiwiri tichipeza ngongole kwa zilankhulo zina, kuphatikizapo:

• Latin (m'minda ya sayansi, cikhalidwe, ndale - "kusukulu", "Republic", "Corporation");
• Greek (banja - "mphasa", "mbale", liwu - "lofanana", "mawu");
• Western European (lankhondo - "HQ", "cadet" luso - "easel", "malo", kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mawu - "bwato", "doko la zombo zapanyanja" "bwalo" mawu nyimbo - "Aria", "libretto");
• Turk (mu "Pearl", "Amalonda" chikhalidwe ndi malonda "chitsulo");
• Scandinavia (banja - "nangula", "chikwapu") Mawu.

Dictionary Mawu okhonda

Lexicology - sayansi yeniyeni kwambiri. Apa zonse bwino kusasintha. mawu onse m'magulu, malinga ndi umboni, ndipamene maziko.

Primordially mawu Russian kukabwereka anawagawa m'magulu awiri pa maziko a etymology, mwachitsanzo chiyambi.

Pali otanthauzira zosiyanasiyana kuti akakomane ndi mipherezero yeniyeni. Chotero, inu mukhoza kuitana dikishonare mawu achilendo muli zitsanzo chinenero china kuti anabwera kwa ife kwa zaka zambiri. Mau awa tsopano amaona Russian. dictionary anafotokoza tanthauzo ndiponso limasonyeza kumene mawu anabwera kwa ife.

Dictionary mawu achilendo m'dziko lathu ndi nkhani yonse. Woyamba unakhazikitsidwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, zinali pamanja. Pa nthawi yomweyo anadza atatu a buku dictionary, lomwe linalembedwa ndi N. Janowski. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri panali lonse mndandanda wa otanthauzira yachilendo.

Mwa odziwika angatchedwe "School Dictionary Mawu okhonda", lolembedwa ndi vv Ivanova. Dikishonare kulowa otchedwa mfundo za chiyambi cha mawu, anapatsidwa kumasulira tanthauzo lake, zitsanzo wakagwiritsidwe, khola akuti naye.