Purimu - ndichiyani? Holide Ayuda Purimu. History ndi mbali ya holide

maholide Ayuda kwa anthu amene si yogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akuoneka kukhala chinthu choopsa, chachinsinsi ndipo nthawi yomweyo wokongola. Kodi anthu awa ali osangalala? N'chifukwa chiyani mosasamala zosangalatsa? Apa Mwachitsanzo, Purimu - chiyani icho? Kuyambira kumbali zikuoneka kuti gulu phwandolo wokondwa ngati iye anali chabe anathawa vuto lalikulu. Ndipo izi ndi zoona, koma mbiri ya kale zaka 2500.

Purimu - holide ya phwando ndi chisangalalo!

Purimu - chikondwerero masika. Nthawi zambiri, izo chikondwerero mu March. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Purimu - Jewish holide ya March 8. Komabe, izi wonyenga kwambiri.

Monga maholide onse Ayuda, izo chikondwerero malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi ndi limafanana 14 chiwerengero cha miyezi Aydar. Choncho pamene Purimu chikondwerero mu chaka kuperekedwa, amadziwika kuti aliyense.

Purimu - holide imene Ayuda akulamulidwa Kudzadya ndi kusangalala. Ndi kusangalala ngati mwambo omwe ali odzipereka lero, pakhala dzulo.

Action, kuyambitsa holide kugwirizana ndi anapulumutsira mbali yaikulu ya Ayuda kuchokera ku imfa kunatsala pang'ono mu ukapolo Persian. Chifukwa cha luso la mtsogoleri Ayuda Mordechai ndi Esther nsembe kukongola Ayuda anathawa kuphedwa zoopsa kuyambira timakumbukira zimenezi kwa zaka 2,500. Ndipo onse phwando analamula kuti tisangalale ndi kusangalala kupulumutsidwa chaka chilichonse.

Madyerero akuyamba ndi kuwerenga mpukutu wa Esther (Estere), bukhu, pamene zochitika akukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane, anadzakhala oyamba a Purimu. Kenako, chikondwerero palokha limayamba. Izi ndi Ayuda tchuthi basi chimwemwe ndi chikondwerero - si mwambo, koma lamulo. Ndipo liri mpaka tsiku osangalatsa kwambiri pa kalendala ya Ayuda. Choncho Purimu - ndichiyani? Monga anthu amatha tsiku?

Purimu: Mbiri ya Ulosi

The zochitika yapita nkhani ya Purimu, inayamba mu 586 BC. e. Chaka chino Nebukadinezara mfumu ya Babulo anagonjetsa mzinda wa Yerusalemu ndiponso kachisi, anali anawagwira zikwi za Ayuda. Ukapolo ku Babulo inatenga zaka 47, ndiye ndi lamulo la mfumu Koresi II Ayuda analoledwa kubwerera ku Yerusalemu ndi kukonzanso kachisi. Komabe, ntchito mwayi umenewu pang'ono anthu oposa 40 zikwi.

Msangani wenewu ku ukapolo ku Babulo, kutsiriza ndi zotchulidwa m'buku la Esther, kumayambitsa ulosi wa Yeremiya, amene analosera kumanganso Yerusalemu zaka 70 pambuyo kuwonongedwa ndi imfa ya ufumu wa Babulo. zochitika zimenezi kumvetsa zimene n'kofunika kuti holide Ayuda Purimu, kuti iwo tsiku lapadera kwambiri.

Pafupifupi onse a mafumu a Babulo ndi Perisiya wakhala akuopa ulosi umenewu, ndipo ankaganiza kuti izo zikanakhala ziri zabodza. Ulosi akhala kuteteza Ayuda, monga palibe olamulira sanayese n'komwe kuwavulaza oopa mulungu zobisika Ayuda.

Zonse zinasintha kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Ahasiwero, mmodzi wa olamulira amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso osamverawo ya Perisiya, amene analenga mmodzi wa maufumu lalikulu mu dziko wakale. Kukambirana kuti ulosi wa nthawi, iye anawakonzera phwando masiku 180 mu chizindikiro apamwamba awo pa Ayuda ndi Mulungu, kodi si akwaniritse uneneri. Vuto magwero Ayuda, kuti mfumu ya Perisiya, analakwitsa anapezazo ndi zaka zocepa anafa.

zokhota Oman

Nkhani limayamba ndi chakuti Sasita n'kuthamangitsa mkazi wake chifukwa chokana kuvina wamaliseche pamaso pa pafupi mfumu. Iye akuyang'ana kwa mkazi watsopano. Pambuyo yaitali Smotrin Xerex amasankha Esther, mphwanga Mardehaya Ayuda tchire, anthu, Sasita kupulumutsidwa ku chiwembu.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, munthu wachiwiri wa Perisiya, pafupi ndi mfumuyo, Hamani amakhala Amilikityanin. Tsiku lina iye anathamangira ku Mardehaem, amene anakana kugwadira unango wakuveka wa. Izi "ulemu" chifukwa cha chilango choopsa chimene Aman anaganiza kuphika anthu onse Ayuda.

Hamani anafika Sasita ndipo ananena kuti miyoyo ufumu chidwi ndi Ayuda, omwe si kumvera malamulo a Perisiya ndi nayo mfumu, ndi kulemekeza yekha mulungu wawo ndi miyambo. Wolamulira wokwiya analamula kulemba kuti kusokoneza Ayuda onse okhala mu Persia. Aman anaganiza maere kudziŵa kuti tsiku iye kufafaniza Ayuda. Patatha izi, Iye anatumiza mithenga ufumu ndi uthenga pa chiyambi cha kuphedwa pa 12 ndi 13 Aydar.

Komabe, chiwembu chinsinsi zinadziwika kwa Esther, ndipo iye anapereka uthenga ovutitsa Mardehayu.

ft Esther

Munthu yekhayo amene angapulumutse Ayuda, Esther amakhala waluso kuti kuchititsa mfumu. Komabe, ngakhale ankapitabe izi koopsa kwambiri, kuyambira m'pofunika kuti awafike pamtima Sasita ndi pempho kwa kuphwanya dongosolo anakhazikitsa. Izi zingachititse kuti imfa yake.

Mordechai amadza ndi dongosolo yowopsa za momwe zikope tcheru Atrtakserksa, osati chifukwa mkwiyo. China chirichonse, zikudalira pa chithumwa ndi mosaopa mfumukazi.

Kuika miyoyo yawo, Esther anakhala anzake angapo Sasita. Pa kukambirana yaitali anakhoza kutsimikizira mwamuna wake ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu a chiyuda, kumukumbutsa ndendende amene adampulumutsa chiwembucho. Motero, mfumu anakhulupirira perfidy ndi chinyengo cha Hamani. Kuphunzira kuti anali chifukwa chenicheni kuukira ndi anthu osankhidwa, wolamulira yoopsa ya Perisiya anapha mkwiyo onse Aman ndi banja lake, popeza atakutidwa malamulo ake onse kudzamenyana naye.

Chipulumutso cha anthu a chiyuda

Chinthu choyamba chimene mfumuyo inalamula yoopsa - iwo anapachikidwa Hamani pa zokoloweka anakonza Mardehayu. Popeza mfumu ya Perisiya, sanathe asinthe chiwembu malamulo awo, analola kuti Ayuda pofuna kuteteza miyoyo yawo ndi moyo wa ana awo kumenya nkhondo amene akukweza dzanja kwa iwo.

Choncho, 12 ndi 13 anthu Aydar Ayuda anali wakupha awo ndi maso. masiku awiri anapitiriza kumenyana mu Persia, imene anthu a onse anaphedwa kapena kuthawa. Total amatanthauza 70 000 akufa, kuphatikizapo ana 10 a Hamani, amene anatsogolera chiwembuchi analephera.

14 Aydar Ayuda atamva kuti panalibenso choopsa ndipo iwo anali kuphedwa. Iwo anayamba chikondwerero chachikulu kuti unatha tsiku lonse. Mardehay analamula kuti tsiku lapadera chifukwa kuti muime mibadwo ya m'tsogolo ya zochitika amapha. M'buku la phwando Esitere masiku a phwando ndi chikondwerero.

dzina lake anali Myuda Purimu ku mawu oti "Puri" (zambiri). Choncho, dzina chizindikiro chakuti tsogolo la anthu akuyesera kuthetsa, mayere.

Chisangalalo Purimu?

Monga taonera, Purimu chikondwerero 14 Aydar. Komabe, zimene Chofanana lero? Pafupifupi nthawi zonse Purimu kugwa mu March kapena mochedwa February. Chaka, tsiku limeneli imagwera pa nambala ina, ngati chaka chathunthu ali wamfupi kusiyana dzuwa kwa masiku 10. Choncho, mu 2014, tinali ndi chikondwerero pa 15 ndi 16 March, mu 2015 - 4 ndi 5, ndipo mu 2016 - 23 ndi manambala 24.

Mu Yerusalemu, Purimu ndi pachikhalidwe chikondwerero Patapita tsiku, timatha Aisrayeli ambiri amakondwerera kawiri.

Pa kubalalika wa holide Ayuda amene amadza chifukwa cha zoipa mkhalidwe wa Akristu kulinga Ayuda. Makamaka chifukwa chakuti kuchitidwa kwake ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse chikugwirizana ndi Lenti. Kawirikawiri chikwiyire zachiwawa ndi madera Mkhristu. Bright zosangalatsa, dissonant ndi masiku a kusala kudya, limene lachititsa matsenga lomwe lili ndi tanthauzo kutsutsana ndi Akhristu a holide.

Masiku ano, pali animus kuti Purimu - Jewish holide ya March 8. Komabe, lero, imagwera kamodzi kokha zaka 25-30. Aliyense mwambo dziko kapena chipembedzo pali tchuthi imene imagwera pa mapeto a yozizira, chiyambi cha masika. Mwachitsanzo, mu Russia - ndi Carnival, mu mwambo Chisilamu - Novruz, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi kukondwerera Purimu?

Pali zinthu zinayi zosasintha mwambo wa Purimu chikondwerero. Chief pakati pawo - kuwerenga kwa Megillah. mawu "mpukutuwo" amatanthauza kwenikweni. Books kuwerenga m'sunagoge madzulo ndi m'mawa mapemphero. Mu ndondomeko ya kuwerenga mpukutu nthawi kuwerenga dzina la Hamani alendo m'sunagoge kuyamba kupanga phokoso, mitundu mapazi awo ndi ntchito ratchet wapadera, kusonyeza kunyoza kukumbukira woipa amene amabweretsa wa.

A chakudya chikondwerero - gawo kuvomerezedwa Purimu. Izo nthawizonse zakhala kwambiri kwambiri ndi wolemera kwa chaka chonse. Miyambo wapadera ofala mu tsiku lino, tizikumbukira chakudya kuvomerezedwa monga "makutu Hamani" - lotseguka triangular mitanda ndi wokoma kapena nyama kudzazidwa. Komanso, Kwalamulidwa kumwa vinyo bola ngati gulu zosangalatsa sadzaleka kusiyanitsa dzina ya Hamani ndi Mardehaya. Komabe, mwambo uwu imagwiridwa mmene amafunira.

Kuvomerezedwa gawo la mphatso ya tchuthi ndi achibale ndi anzake mu mawonekedwe a amachitira. Limodzi ndi mphatso yonenera Zabwino ndi mafuno achimwemwe Purimu tchuthi. Komanso, anthu onse a m'deralo kwenikweni amathandizanso osowa.

Ndipo chachinayi tchuthi mwambo - ndi zikondwerero. Mu mwambo wa Madera osiyana ndi osiyana kwambiri kuwonetseredwa. Mwachitsanzo, kaŵirikaŵiri okha yaing'ono chuma choonetsedwa mu Russia. M'mayiko European, panali mwambo wa zisudzo msewu, umene matikiti amagulitsidwa. Komanso mu World Old anayamba kuchita zonse kunachitika carnivals, omwe asangalala makamaka Israel.

otsalawo angathe kumwedwa ufulu wonse, chifukwa nayenso ali Ayuda tchuthi kwambiri demokalase amene langizo chachikulu - ndi kusangalala ndi chisangalalo. Onse nyimbo zinkaimbidwa pa Purimu, kuvina ndi kumasangalala ndi tchuthi.

mbale Traditional pa Purimu

miyambo zophikira pa tsiku la Purimu m'malo wachibale. Komabe, aliyense gwero anafotokoza tebulo chikondwerero, pali mbale wamba.

Pakati pawo, mwanawankhosa, zophikidwa mphika, womwe wapangidwa ndi zitheba ndi zitsamba. Chicken msuzi ndi dumplings, amene sanakonzekere ufa makolo milled kwa matzo. Komanso, wotchuka kwambiri mbale lilime ng'ombe, yophika ndi sauces zosiyanasiyana. Komanso kaŵirikaŵiri wophikidwa chikondwerero tebulo kapena zukini stewed kapena biringanya.

Kodi lamulo mbale mapayi ndi kumadzazidwa osiyana: nyama, mbatata, kabichi, kanyumba tchizi kapena chodzaza.

Kuyambira mbale miyambo Russia Ayuda a mndandanda ayenera zidzawonjezedwa mbali ya (a mbale wa prunes ndi kaloti) ndi gefilte nsomba, popanda zomwe silingachite tebulo holideyo.

Purimu Carnival

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo chidwi kwambiri a holide, omwe ndi mwambo okha angapo apitawa kwa zaka zambiri. The zakale zinali zokwanira yaing'ono ed zisudzo za zisudzo angapo. Komabe, ndi nthawi pa Purimu sewero anakhala zovuta kwambiri, analenga chuma atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi yaitali ndi zambiri zisudzo.

Tsopano mbali ya holide - lalikulu zisudzo Chiyuda wodzipereka kwa mbiri kochititsa kaso holide. Komanso, zisudzo ed amalenga dera lililonse. Komabe, kanthu ed - izi ndi mbali chabe ya phwando.

Full-kunachitika carnivals angatchedwe zaposachedwapa tchuthi ndege yomwe ikupita patsogolo kwambiri. Choyamba, mwambo wachita mizu Israeli, kumene Purimu kuthi lonse moona chachikulu. Koma si utsalira ndi madera ena mu maiko, kumene carnivals ndi akuguba Komanso kuyambira kwa anthu ambiri.

Purimu ku Israel

Purimu - holide ku Israyeli, lonse ofanana yekha ndi Russian Chaka Chatsopano. Chinyezimiro cha chikondwerero chikugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha masika. Mzinda uliwonse makamu carnivals ndi zochitika zapadera zokongola. Kudutsa dziko akuthamanga nambala yaikulu enawo ed. Anthu kuti misewu, achilimbikitso mnzake Purimu, kunena mawu akuti "Chag Purimu Sameach" (Odala Purimu) anzake onse ndipo monga kauntala panjira.

Ambiri ankachitika mu Isiraeli Purimu, mbiri yake zoona, kuyamba onse kachiwiri. M'mayiko onse a dziko mu nthawi ya kupezeka kwa Ayuda, ili ndi tsiku lofunika chikondwerero theka-mobisa. Tsopano iye anakhetsa m'misewu ya dziko, izo zakhala imodzi ya maholide yowala. Pitani Israyeli lero - ndi kulandira maganizo zambiri zabwino kuposa idzatha kuwerengedwa.

M'pofunikanso wokayendera dzikolo monga kuona okha phwando la Purimu. Ndi chiyani icho? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani anakonda ndi aliyense, ana ndi achikulire?

Holide osangalatsa kwambiri

Kodi kukondwerera Purimu? Kodi inu chikondwererocho, ngati anapulumuka asaphedwe ndi anathawa pa mphindi yotsiriza? Lero ayenera kukumbukiridwa monga mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri pa moyo. Koma pazifukwa zina zambiri holide zikuwoneka zachilendo ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Koma zoona, munthu aliyense amafunika chimodzi tsiku kwa chaka, pamene iye angathe kuiwala mavuto anu onse ndi mavuto adzakhalenso ndi moyo chabe zimene moyo. Izi ndi nzeru yonse ndi tanthauzo la pang'ono kakang'ono aka ka wamisala ndipo holide akusangalala kwambiri. Pa wamng'ono kwambiri, kuti mapeto akhoza kupanga munthu wochokera ku dziko lina, ali pa chizindikiro cha izi.

Purimu - yowala ndi zabwino tchuthi amayamba seep mu zikhalidwe zina, mitundu kunadetsa ena Khirisimasi pa kalendala anu yofiira ndi kutumiza moni wina ndi mzake ndi Purimu.