Rosehip kukongoletsa: kuswana, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Ndikungofuna kuona kuti zaka m'badwo wa mitundu munthu wa mitengo imeneyi mpaka 400. Ndi kholo la mitundu yonse ya maluwa nalo.

Izi chodabwitsa, anzeru, wodzichepetsa zomera, malo a kukula wake, ubwino ndi zinthu zina zambiri mungaphunzire ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Pano mukhoza kuphunzira za momwe awonjezere kukongoletsa ananyamuka m'chiuno ndi mmene kuwasamalira.

Chitsamba chilichonse ndi maluwa ambiri owala ndi mtundu wa zomera za kuthengo wa banja Rosaceae. Nthawi zambiri, izo wakula m'minda monga zitsamba yokongola ndi zipatso ndi zabwino katundu zothandiza.

Kukongoletsa ananyamuka m'chiuno: photos, ikulongosola

Duwa ali kwambiri mitundu chikhalidwe, amene zimaŵetedwa ndi dzina la duwa. Iye anazindikira kuti kukongola kwa chitsamba ndi chochuluka maluwa ndi greenery. Mwa zina, anatulukira zambiri wodzichepetsa kuposa zokongola kudzikondweretsa paki maluwa.

Mu chikhalidwe zakutchire amakonda ofunda kotentha nyengo ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi lapansi.

Kwambiri ndichifukwa tchire ndi kutalika 2-mita ndi nthambi pang'ono kuŵeramitsa. Palinso mitundu ndi nthambi ndi yaitali, tigwiritsitse zomera yapafupi, kapena ndi zokwawa zimayambira pansi. Pali galu-duwa mu mawonekedwe a otsika, koma tchire wandiweyani, mapilo, wokongola kwambiri ndi kukongoletsa pa nthawi ya pachimake awo.

Dzina la chomera wanu walandira mogwirizana ndi kukhalapo mu izo wa spines lakuthwa ndi amphamvu ndipo amatha kuchititsa ena amavutitsa cholengedwa chilichonse chamoyo.

Maluwa briar kukongoletsa kuchokera May kwa July, ndipo zipatso zake zidzapsya mu August ndi September, yotsirizira kukhala chipatso akhoza kusungidwa pa tchire, ngakhale mpaka yozizira.

maluwa Large, makamaka umodzi, ndi kukula kwa masentimita 5 awiri. Corolla zambiri lili asanu oyera, pinki kapena mdima pamakhala wofiira. Palinso nambala yaikulu stamens ndi NYENJE.

Madzulo a maluwa pa tchire pindani pamakhala awo, ndipo m'mawa kachiwiri lotseguka, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse nthawi yomweyo. Tikumbukenso kuti Linnaeus (Swedish katswiri) rosehips m'gulu mndandanda wa zomera zimene mungathe kudziwa nthawi ya tsiku.

Yang'anani nthambi wabwino wa kuthengo anauka, tizinthu choyambirira zipatso mu dongosolo m'dzinja maluwa ndi bouquets youma. Nzosadabwitsa iye akutchedwa zokongoletsera anauka m'chiuno.

Kodi ine izo? Yankho la funso limeneli ife pang'ono.

Zipatso ntchito

Ozungulira kapena ovoid zipatso zambiri lalanje kapena wofiira, minofu, muli wambirimbiri mbewu zabwino (fruitlets). Wamkati khoma mbali ya zipatso ndi tsitsi ang'ono ndi sepals asungidwa padziko chapamwamba.

Kukongoletsa Rosehip akuyamba kubala zipatso pafupifupi zaka 3 zakubadwa (palinso 2 wazaka), ndi zokolola kwambiri lochuluka la zomera ndi kuzungulira zaka 10-12. Zipatso zambiri zouma ndi chisanu ndi zinachitika kumwa patsiku makapu 1-2 ngati zabwino vitamini chakumwa. Komanso, zipatso angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga sachedwa chifukwa, compotes ndi sachedwa chifukwa. Bad galu ananyamuka mawonekedwe a puree ndi madzi.

nthano

Pali wina odziwika ndi ofala kwambiri ku Cossacks ya Kuban chidwi nthano.

Wina wachinyamata Cossack, amene anakhalapo kalelo, anagwa mchikondi ndi wokongola mnyamata wolimba mtima. Ndikuwakonda iwo anali chimodzi. Ndipo iwo analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mzake moyo. Koma mtsogoleri wa m'mudzi, amenenso akhala ankakonda wamng'ono Cossack, anatumiza kwa utumiki lankhondo la mnyamatayo. Pamene akutsanzikana ankakonda mtsikanayo anapereka woona ndi odalirika lupanga. Pambuyo mawaya wake Ataman anayamba kukakamiza zina popanda wopalidwa ubwenzi mtsikana naye. Komabe ukwati sikuti zimenezi chifukwa chakuti Mkwatibwi molunjika ku chikondwerero tebulo anathamangira kunja mu bwalo ndipo anavutika mwini ndi lupanga, chopatsika mwa okondedwa ake. Pa ngozi malo a madontho ofiira anakula chitsamba chilichonse modabwitsa okongola ndi mitundu yowala. Ataman, amene anaona zomera wokongola, anafuna kusokoneza vending maluwa. Koma mwadzidzidzi chitsamba lonse bristled prickles lakuthwa kwambiri. Iye anang'amba manja ake onse, kotero kuti sanathe kulepheretsa duwa limodzi.

M'dzinja chitsamba chilichonse yokutidwa ndi zipatso yowala wokongola. Kamodzi ine ndinayima pafupi mkazi wake wodwala akale ndi tinamva liwu sadzachitanso lomveka kuti anati. "Ophunzira anga zipatso, agogo, ndi Brew tiyi nawo Musaope spikes lakuthwa, monga iwo anapangidwa kuti anthu a choipa." Agogo anamvetsera inakhala zipatso ndi kuphika iwo kulowetsedwa, kumwa iwo. Pomwepo, iye anamva ngati mphamvu kamodzi khumi. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu akhala ntchito matsenga m'chiuno mozizwitsa zolinga mankhwala.

malo kukula

Only mu botanists Russian apeza mitundu yoposa 8 zomera. Prickly, tchire n'zosadabwitsa kokha amapezeka pafupifupi m'dziko lonselo. Yekha ndi Far North.

Rosehip - photophilous ndithu mbewu, motero wakonda m'mphepete lotseguka, footpaths msewu ndi misewu nkhalango, mtsinje komanso nyanja gombe, zitsamba ndi phiri otsetsereka. Nthawi zambiri inamera, kupanga clumps lalikulu, ndipo kudutsa kwa midzi. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi elderberry.

Mitundu ya maluwa zambiri wamkulu zolinga yokongola - makwinya galu ananyamuka (kapena ananyamuka tetracorals) anauka namwali. Ku Ulaya, izo zinagwira ndi kufalitsa musky wabwino. Onsewo - kukongoletsa galu-duwa. Mayeso iwo zafotokozedwa pansipa.

The mitundu yofala

maluwa zonse mitundu zakutchire ndi zipatso rosehip zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira owala, lalanje, wofiirira, zofiirira ndi zipatso pafupifupi wakuda. Komabe, si onse ndi ofanana khalidwe.

Pansipa ndi lofunika kwambiri (mu mawu a ochititsa zakudya) mitundu zotsatirazi chilombo ananyamuka zipatso:

• May, kapena sinamoni, ndiwo mtundu ambiri, kukula chapakati Russia. tchire aliyense zakutchire Rose opezeka glades nkhalango ndi clearings. Atakula m'munda ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri zinthu aliyense nthaka. Childs, mitundu ndi hardiness mkulu ndi kukana kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana.

• waminga Rose - komanso briar kukongoletsa, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri zimaŵetedwa ku mabwalo a mzinda ndi mu minda kutsogolo. Undersized chitsamba, nthambi zake kuli yokutidwa ndi spines. M'nthawi ya zomera maluwa zophimbidwa ndi maluwa onunkhira woyera.

• galu ananyamuka, galu ananyamuka kapena wamba - pafupifupi konsekonse ntchito ngati tchinga a. Kuwala pinki maluwa onunkhira pachimake mu June ndi kugwa kwa nthambi ali chokongoletsedwa ndi wokongola zipatso lalanje-wofiira. mtundu ali mwachilungamo wamtali ndi wodzaza tchire mamita 2.5-3 ndi dongosolo amphamvu mizu. Izi kukongoletsa undemanding rosehips, yozizira hardiness ndi matenda kugonjetsedwa.

• French briar - baba wa zaka munda maluwa, kuphatikizapo wotchuka akale mankhwala mu Europe ananyamuka. mtundu amalima kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, ku Crimea ndi gawo European la Russia. Subramose undersized tchire ndi kutalika zosakwana mita imodzi, ndipo kawirikawiri kupanga m'nkhalango. Maluwa lalikulu la mitundu ndi zokongola yowala mtundu wofiira.

yellow galu ananyamuka

Izi kukongoletsa zachilendo ananyamuka m'chiuno ndi maluwa chikasu (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) Chimakula mu Tien Shan, Pamir-Alai ndi Asia Minor. Iwo ikukula, monga ulamuliro, mu mapiri.

Akuimira zomera ndi wamtali kwambiri chitsamba chilichonse (pafupifupi 3 meters), ndi wochepa thupi, nthawi, nthawi zambiri arched, chonyezimira, kukwera mphukira bulauni-wofiira. Onse kuli yokutidwa ndi spines lakuthwa molunjika, alternating ndi bristles yaing'ono.

Pinnate masamba 5-9 masamba ovate ali ku masentimita 4. Mtundu ali pamwamba pa buluu wobiriwira ndi glaucous pansipa pubescent. maluwa kawiri zambiri wopanda sichipezeka pa zidutswa 2-3, mpaka 7 masentimita awiri. Chekeni iwo chikasu, pabuka mkati ndi wofiira. Zipatso Red ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Izi duwa zakutchire ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri: maluwa ake zimatulutsa fungo wosasangalala, komanso masamba.

Rosehip kukongoletsa kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Chofunika mu chisamaliro cha mbewu?

The ntchito yaikulu kulima chitsamba chilichonse izi motere: nthaka tillage, umuna, ulamuliro udzu, ulimi cropping. Undemanding, mbewu akadali zipatso zabwino pa dothi wolemera mu zakudya komanso zachinyengo. Panthawi yake kuchotsa mphukira akale abwino kuchira wabwino wa chitsamba ndi wautali kuteteza mitundu wokongola yokongola.

Kudulira yokongola ananyamuka m'chiuno zachitika kamodzi pa chaka isanayambe kukula (ku kasupe oyambirira). Tikumbukenso kuti chitsamba ankaona kuti waphindu ngati m'goli mphukira.

Kodi zomera kubereka?

Kodi kukula yokongola ananyamuka m'chiuno? Kubalana ali makamaka mwachita kudzera mbande mizu ndi cuttings, mbewu ndi zobiriwira kapena mizu cuttings.

Ambiri ndi Chophweka njira - ndi kuswana mbewu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ayenera kukolola m'dzinja, ndi kuwasankha ku tchire asonyeza. M'menemo kutalika kwa mbali ana rhizomatous ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 15 masentimita, ndipo gawo mlengalenga ikufunika chitsa cha palibe masentimita oposa 5. Mphukira zimenezi anabzala mwachindunji pa malo amodzi popanda kulera iliyonse.

Pali njira ina kukula kukongoletsa ananyamuka m'chiuno - chulutsa mbewu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusonkhanitsa kucha ananyamuka m'chiuno, kale anayamba ndi kuotcha ndi kuika mu miphika wodzazidwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Tsekani iwo ndi kusiya kwa dzinja mu msewu kwa zimakhudza awo pa chipatso cha otsika kutentha kuonetsetsa bwino kumera. Pambuyo chisanu ayenera kukoka zipatso miphika, ndi kupatukana mbewu kudzera mwa madzi mu chiwiya kukayendera iwo kumera. Mabaibulo amene anamira, mungathe kufesa mu mabokosi ndi kukula mu chimango ozizira.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kafalitsidwe ndi cuttings

Yomwe ndi njira ina mungapereke kwa awonjezere kukongoletsa ananyamuka m'chiuno? Wofalitsa ndi cuttings yabwino pamene m'dzinja kubzala mbewu imeneyi (October-November). Kubzala kuya dzenje ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 0.2 mamita. Rosehip salabadira bwino nthaka asidi, choncho kufunika laimu dothi. Inu mukhoza kuwonjezera kwa dzenje ndi kompositi ndi manyowa chawola.

More wamaluwa patsogolo analimbikitsa mbewu asanadzalemo mbande m'chiuno (kutalika wandiweyani nthambi sayenera upambana mamita 0,1) mokwanira yochepa. Ndipo mizu akhoza kufupikitsa ndi mamita mpaka 0.2, monga mabala pa mizu ya zomera amathandiza mtengo kupulumuka wabwino.

Pambuyo mwai onsewa ayenera muzu choviikidwa mu dongosolo dongo misa, ndiye mokoma anaweramuka. Bzalani kukhala ngati kuti muzu kolala zaglubit za 5 cm. Ndipo mmera chofunika kutsanulira zamulchirovat utuchi ndi peat.

Onani mipata pakati pa mbande pafupi. Kukhala kukongoletsa mpanda akhoza kufika ndi mtunda wa 0,5 mamita pakati pa zomera. Kuwonjezeka mtunda wa 1 mita amalimbikitsa zokolola.

Zothandiza briar?

Sikuti yokongoletsera minda kukongoletsa ndi anauka m'chiuno. Zothandiza zimatha kudziwika ake. Rosehip zopindulitsa kwa zipatso zake, ndi yabwino mankhwala achilengedwe ndi chokoma, lipindulitsa enaake.

rosehip zipatso muli kuchuluka kwa thupi zofunika mavitamini ndi mchere: rutin, carotene, chitsulo, manganese, phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium, organic zidulo ndi antioxidants.

Kugwiritsa chilombo ananyamuka chakudya kumathandiza kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kumawonjezera kukaniza thupi zotsatira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kubweza ukalamba.

Pomaliza

Wokondeka galu-duwa nekapriznye wafunsira nambala yaikulu mitundu (zoposa 200) maluwa modabwitsa wokongola kukula mu dziko kuyambira Kale (pafupifupi 40 miliyoni zaka). Izi zomera amakambirana ndi kukongola kwake ndi pafupifupi osati wochepa ndi cultivars. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ya kapangidwe malo.

Mwa yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zomera yokongola ndi maluwa zakutchire ndi hybrids awo ali ambiri otchuka ndi wapadera chikondi wamaluwa wamaluwa: stam ndi kutsitsi - chifukwa minda maluwa, makamaka Pachithunzipa mu kudzalidwa kwa magulu ndi mitundu ina; Kukwera mitundu - kwa munda ofukula pachiyambi.

nthawi zosiyana za maluwa ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu kulola chilengedwe cha maluwa zakutchire ndi maluwa wosangalatsa kukongoletsa nyimbo.

Kwa nthawi yaitali tikhoza kulankhula za mitundu izi chodabwitsa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthano zakale kupangidwa osati duwa, ndiwo chilombo ananyamuka chitsamba. Ndi English achifumu odula manja, amene anapulumutsidwa ku nthawi akale White wofiyiritsa Rose, sakusonyeza Sadovaya Roza, ndi duwa la kuthengo anauka masiku.