Sefa wa Eratosthenes mu mapulogalamu

Masamu - Science, amene anaonekera angapo zaka chikwi, ndi ntchito mwakhama Greece wakale. Komabe, asayansi ambiri, theorists, amene anakhalapo pa nthawi, mwafufuza, omwe anakhala kwambiri ndi waluntha, koma kuzindikira kwenikweni zaka mazana angapo kenako, pamene luso analola kuzindikira kuthekera zonse za kafukufuku wa masamu wakale. Dziwani kuti kuwerengetsera onse inkachitikira Nthawi lakutali "m'maganizo" ndipo munali zikuluzikulu kulowa kuwerengetsera. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri otchuka Greek anali Eratosthenes, Mwamseri wotchedwa yemwe anali agogo mapulogalamu. Mkubwela kwa sayansi kompyuta anali kuwerengetsera wake, chiphunzitso ndi axioms nthawi zambiri n'kukhala kompyuta "zilankhulo". Mu nkhokwe ya masamu anali anapezazo angapo chidwi, koma ambiri anali sieve a Eratosthenes kukuthandizani kupeza mwachangu ndi yaikulu chiwerengero cha akuyambira anapereka.

Biographies asayansi

Ngakhale kuti ntchito zonse za katswiri zinachitika m'dera la Greece wakale, malo amene namatetule wa Africa mu zaka za zana lachitatu BC. Anaphunzitsa wasayansi mu mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu Greece, kumene iye anakhala mpaka kalekale. Aphunzitsi ake anali odziwika alakatuli nzeru ena, ndi kalembedwe ka nthawi. Ndiyamika chitukuko mabuku ndi ulemu pa bwalo la amaganizo amodzi wanzeru theorist anaitanidwa kuti malo mabuku a Alexandria, kumene ankatumikira mpaka imfa yake kupanga ndalama zosaneneka nyimbo za nyengo, ndi kafukufuku m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo sieve a Eratosthenes. Contemporary katswiri - lodziwika bwino Archimedes - analankhula za iye yekha mu mitundu okweza ndipo ngakhale odzipereka ntchito yake ntchito payekha.

zikayenda

Mbali yaikulu ya katswiri wakale ambiri amatengedwa kuti ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana m'madera aphunzira. Pa nthawi yomweyo pafupifupi onse muzochitika, iye yapindula kwambiri. Philosophy, ndakatulo, masamu, sayansi music, philology, malo - umenewu Universalism wapadera ndi kufunafuna nzeru theorist Pentatl kum'patsa dzina kusonkhana ndi masewera ozungulira. Ndithudi, iye sanali kukhala wamkulu mwa malo aphunzira, koma aliyense wa iwo kunapezeka kuti iyende bwino. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa ndi makombo zilipo za ntchito yake ndi kafukufuku. Ngakhale mu mthunzi wa ena a m'nthawi yake, wasayansi wapanga chopereka yaikulu mbiri ya masamu, ndi sefa wa Eratosthenes angapo midzi ena odziwika kumanja anali malo amodzi wotchuka atulukira zojambula ndi masamu.

History of dzina ndi malo tsatanetsatane

Kale, zolembedwa zonse, kuphatikizapo masamu anapanga pa miyala yapadera phula. Choncho, pamene kuwerengetsa ndi masamu ndi chikhalidwe algebraic, makamaka pa osati manambala mu mbali ya ofufuza "adafuthula" olembedwa pa Chalk awo. Pambuyo mbale ntchito zonse monga chidutswa cha ziwiya banja kuphunzira ndi dzina lake - sefa wa Eratosthenes. The kutsogolera kwa kutsegula anali maganizo a namatetule wa kupeza primes mu mndandanda achilengedwe. Opaleshoni inatenga miyezi ingapo, izo silinakwaniritsidwe anapanga chifukwa komaliza. Mu zaka za zana lachitatu BC, zinali yojambula.

Kodi aligorivimu?

A njira yachidule kupeza onse manambala yaikulu mu akatswiri zachilengedwe mzere chidwi kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Ndipotu, iwo alibe zinayendera okhwima ndipo anakonza kuti quasi-mwachisawawa. Pa nthawi, akatswiri kwakukulukulu anamvetsa ndipo ndinaphumzira m'mene kupanga kuwerengetsera zofunika msanga. Pochita zimenezi, iwo anathandizidwa ndi yosavuta aligorivimu - sieve a Eratosthenes. Zosowa zakale namatetule anapeza mu njira zingapo:

• Tengani manambala zachilengedwe ku umodzi kwa aliyense (generic akuti N) .Stoit ananena kuti zaka zingapo zapitazo unit ankaona nambala yaikulu. Tsopano adzaupereka kwa wapadera kuti alibe tanthauzo kwambiri.
• Komanso pali kufufutidwa a manambala onse divisible ndi awiri.
• Ndiye, woyamba wachotsedwa otsala (mu nkhani iyi, patatu), ndipo kukusalani manambala onse amene amagwa mu izo.
• The mawerengedwe akupitiriza mpaka nambala watha mwa ndondomeko ya.
• Nambala otsala adzakhala ali zizindikiro zophweka yekha.

Izi njira wachita kale ankaona yodalirika, koma mkubwela kwa akatswiri kompyuta anathanso kupanga kuwerengetsera mbali zina. Komabe, ngakhale ndi umisiri watsopano sefa wa Eratosthenes n'chofunika chiphunzitso masamu.

Mapulogalamu zinenero masamu

Technology, makompyuta ndi sayansi kompyuta asiya masamu kuphunzira chiphunzitso algebraic, kufika msinkhu mu chitukuko cha sayansi. Chinthu choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wapadera iwo kuti aphatikizire masamu kudziwika ndi maphunziro zojambula mu dongosolo. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka pa nthawi Computing Zilankhulo anayamba, kuphatikizapo kwa mawerengedwe a aligorivimu sefa wa Eratosthenes, Pascal. Mothandizidwa ndi masekondi angapo, mukhoza kupeza manambala yaikulu mu ndondomeko ya manambala zachilengedwe, zomwe zakhala zilipo kapena masamu ndi zolemba chachikulu, kutenga nthawi yambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chifukwa lenileni la nyumba yatsopano anapatsidwa bwino Baibulo la atulukira akale ndi mwayi ali kuwerengetsera pafupifupi malire.

Ntchito pa Olympiad masiku ano Informatics

Pano palibe kupikisana kwa ophunzira nkhani zosiyanasiyana kachiwiri kupeza kutchuka. Laureates ndi opindula zochitika izi kupita mlingo wotsatira wa maphunziro ndi mukhoza kupeza chiyembekezo chabwino mu ntchito m'tsogolo, kuphatikizapo amapereka zakuthupi. Olympiad mu Informatics monga mavuto osati kokha, komanso kupeza mfundo ngati odziwika bwino monga manambala yaikulu. Sieve Eratosthenes Choncho ntchito ngati njira zambiri zatsopano kuwerengetsa mindandanda ndi kaphatikizidwe axioms Mpambo pulogalamu. Ngakhale atulukira Kale, chiphunzitso chimenechi amathandiza mwamsanga ndi mogwira atengere kuwerengetsera mwakhama.