Seva Mail pa Linux: mwachidule ndi khwekhwe

E-mail anthu ambiri amaoneka ngati webusaiti wabwinobwino ndi wosuta-wochezeka mawonekedwe, imene ingakuthandizeni bwinobwino kulemba mawu, angagwirizanitse zithunzi ndi kutumiza mauthenga kwa abwenzi. Komabe, kwenikweni zambiri zovuta. Kusamutsa deta ntchito maseva imelo pa Linux. Ndi iwo amene zikugwira processing, yobereka ndi uthenga wam'mbuyomu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza wotchuka kwambiri maseva imelo pa Linux, komanso momwe sintha ena a iwo.

Review wa zochita kuti akonze dongosolo la kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga

Mothandizidwa ndi imelo pa Linux Seva, mungathe mwamsanga ndipo mosavuta atumiza limagwirira awo kuti alandire ndi kutumiza mauthenga. Webusayiti WAMBIRI njira okonzeka zopangidwa, zomwe zitha anapereka pang'ono "Kwatha." Mwa iwo, kumene, palinso zovuta kwambiri mu dongosolo kasinthidwe, kasinthidwe chimene chikuoneka pa zotsatirazi Postfix.

SendMail - otchuka ndi kusala

SendMail angatchedwe mpainiya mwa maseva makalata pa Linux. Baibulo woyamba imabwereranso mu 1983. Popeza SendMail katswiri kuchuluka okwerera ndi mfundo. Ambiri ntchito lero. Fast ndi wokometsedwa Seva, koma si kukumana mfundo amakono otetezedwa ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri kukhazikitsa.

Postfix - kusintha, wamphamvu ndi odalirika

Izo poyambirira anayamba ntchito mkati IBM Center Research. ntchito zambiri ndi mbali Anabwereka SendMail. Komabe, mofulumira kwambiri, kudzanso ndi khwekhwe zimatenga nthawi zochepa ndi khama. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati Seva makalata pa Linux, MacOS, Solaris.

IredMail

Seva Ichi ndi lofunikira virulence wamkulu anapereka wa zolembedwa ndi owona kasinthidwe. Ndi thandizo lawo, mungathe mwamsanga kukatenga makalata Seva pa Linux Web ofotokoza ndi ufulu. Iwo ali kuthandiza SMTP, POP3 ndi IMAP. Ndondomeko unsembe zambiri osati kutenga mphindi zoposa 10, malinga ndi luso la mkulu wa.

Mu ndondomeko ya wakhala makalata Seva Linux- iRedMail adzakhala basi machitidwe pochita ndi mavairasi ndi sipamu anaika. Kuwonjezera awa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa protections ndi mphamvu chakuthengo, analyzers zosiyanasiyana ndi zina zotero. A lalikulu mwina wokonzeka Linux-mail Seva.

IndiMail

Chili ndondomeko zingapo zodziwika ndi umisiri chifukwa kukhazikitsa kufala kwa mauthenga imelo. Kachitidwe Integrated Luso lopeka limasonyeza pakati pa mfundo Intaneti, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kugawana ndalama makalata makampani nthambi zosiyanasiyana. Kachitidwe ali limagwirira kusintha kwambiri kasinthidwe. Iwo akuyendera kupyolera redefinition wa zosintha, amene makina za 200. N'zotheka kulenga angapo kufanana IndiMail ntchito utuluke.

phokoso

Keyala Linux ukonde-Seva olembedwa C ++. Pali anamanga-API kuchepetsa ndi kulenga nkhani. Iwo ali zambiri mbali ndi magwiridwe "kunja kwa bokosi." Imayendetsedwa ndi Mabaibulo angapo odziwika a Nawonso achichepere. Ngati n'koyenera, kapena reconfiguration, mungathe mwamsanga kusinthana kwa wina ndi mzake. Seva polumikizira anagawa ufulu malo awo enieni - owerenga, olamulira, ndi makina ankalamulira.

Zentyal

Mwina chophweka ndi yabwino kwambiri sitima positi Linux-Seva. Ndi pafupifupi malangizo onse ndi kuchita zoikamo mu mawonekedwe wapadera mawonekedwe. Yachokera pa makalata Seva Linux Ubuntu. Powonjezera ntchito kapena maluso ndi khazikitsa zigawo latsopano. Ndi akhoza anakonza ngati osiyana makalata Seva ndi rauta kapena tidzakulowereni mfundo pakati thoroughfares waukulu.

Axigen

Free, wamphamvu ndi kuikamo wolemera makalata Seva. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kudzera ukonde mawonekedwe ake kapena kudzera kasitomala aliyense imelo. Iye akhoza kusonkhanitsa mauthenga ochokera mabokosi kunja, kupereka yankho zodziwikiratu kuti mauthenga, zosefera iwo, ndi yabwino tiitanitse ndi CSV wapamwamba.

Kasinthidwe ndi Administration ali Web zake mawonekedwe. Pakuti okonda kasamalidwe chitsanzo chakale - ntchito lilipo kudzera kutonthoza lamulo.

Seva amathandiza zosiyanasiyana machitidwe opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo Windows mzere. The ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana ndi bwino zalembedwa ndi razyasnon zitsanzo zambiri pa webusaiti mapulogalamu a.

CommuniGate ovomereza

Cross-nsanja Seva kuti angathe kugwira ntchito ndi mauthenga ndi mawu. N'zotheka kugwirizana kwa izo pakompyuta kasitomala kapena centralized ukonde mawonekedwe. Ndi kuzindikira zosiyanasiyana kupeza ufulu kwa anthu ochepa mlandu. Mapulagini angathandize cigawo zosiyanasiyana machitidwe odana ndi HIV ndi njira.

Akupereka chitsanzo chabwino kwa dongosolo

Kenako titakambirana kwa maseva imelo pa Linux muyenera kuganizira atakhala mmodzi wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mwachitsanzo, ife angakusonyezeni mmene kukhazikitsa ndi sintha Postfix pa Ubuntu. Amaganiza kuti hardware ndi kale kupezeka ndi opaleshoni dongosolo ndi kusinthidwa kuti Baibulo posachedwapa.

Chinthu choyamba kuchita - ndi kukopera Seva yokha. Lilipo mu repositories wa Ubuntu, kotero osatha, mtundu:

Pa unsembe, dongosolo kupempha ndi achinsinsi latsopano kwa Nawonso achichepere wosuta pansi chifukwa muzu. Ndiye ayenera kubwereza kuti atsimikizire. Kenako mukhoza kupempha chimene mtundu wa unsembe ali ndi chidwi. Kenako, dongosolo la makalata dzina, mungapezeko mwachindunji - some.server.ru.

Tsopano muyenera kulenga Nawonso achichepere kwa makina. Izi zikhoza kutheka ndi lamulo:

mysqladmin -u muzu -p kulenga makalata.

Apa ndi pamene kufunika mwatchutchutchu achinsinsi chomveka Nawonso achichepere.

Tsopano inu mukhoza kupita kwa khungu kwambiri MySQL ndi lamulo:

MySQL -u mizu. kachiwiri, dongosolo ndidzapempha achinsinsi kuti ndi kofunika kulowa.

Kenako adzalamula akonzedwa, zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti akonze wosuta latsopano ndi udindo:

Kunatanthauzanso matebulo mu Nawonso achichepere chachikulu, anawalenga choncho mungathe:

Tsopano MySQL kutonthoza ndi ofunika ndipo mukhoza kutuluka kumene.

Postfix kasinthidwe

Choyamba muyenera kusonyeza polumikiza, mmene angathandizire Nawonso achichepere, momwe kuyang'ana kwa izo mfundo zofunika. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kudzakhala owona angapo. Iwo akhoza ili mu lowongolera / etc / postfix. Nawa mayina awo:

Iwo ayenera muli nkhani zotsatirazi, Pakati chingwe kafufuzidwe aliyense file adzakhala lapadera:

wosuta = boma dzina mwachindunji polenga tebulo;

achinsinsi = ;

dbname = dzina analenga Nawonso achichepere;

kafufuzidwe = afunsa, aliyense kwa file makamaka;

makamu = 127.0.01.

Mwina kafufuzidwe kwa owona:

owona awa adzaika achinsinsi fufuzani mu Nawonso achichepere, kuti mwayi kwa iwo ayenera mwanjira kuchepetsa. Mwachitsanzo, icho, ndi kutipanikiza.

Tsopano tili kuwonjezera zina mungachite Postfix. Dziwani kuti mu mzere zotsatirazi, m'malo some.server.ru weniweni ankalamulira.

chitetezo Certifications

Kuyamba, muyenera kulenga chitsimikizo ulamuliro umene adzatsimikizira zotuluka pa zikalata zonse.

Analengedwa owona sitolo:

mkdir ~ / CA_new

Ndi file kasinthidwe. Iwo makamu malamulo otsatirawa:

A mafotokozedwe pang'ono kuti:

• variable C - apa muyenera mwachindunji m'dzikolo mtundu ziwiri kalata Mwachitsanzo, kwa Russia - RU;
• Cha ku Switzerland - zikutanthauza dera kapena dera;
• L - mzinda;
• O - dzina la kampaniyo;
• CN - apa muyenera mwachindunji ankalamulira kuti amalimbana chinsinsi;
• imelo adilesi.

Ndiye analenga kiyi yokha:

sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 4096

Kachitidwe chimakulimbikitsani kwa achinsinsi kwa kiyi amene Mulimonsemo musaiwale.

Tsopano muyenera kutsegula Version izi:

openssl req zachilendo -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3650 -key ca.key -out ca.crt -config ca.conf

Pali ayenera kulowa achinsinsi kale analengedwa kuti fungulo payekha.

Tsopano Kalata:

openssl pkcs12 -export zinatha ca.cer -inkey ca.key -out ca.pfx

Kenako muyenera kulenga lowongolera limene kusunga makiyi onse kwaiye. Foda mwini limanenedwa aliyense Seva.

mkdir SERV

mkdir SERV / some.domen.ru

Ndi kulenga kasinthidwe awo:

nano SERV / some.domen.ru / openssl.conf

Mkati ayenera kukhala zoikamo mwachindunji m'munsimu. Iwo ali ofanana ndi amene analenga.

Kupanga makiyi, ntchito lamulo:

sudo openssl genrsa -passout pochitika: 1234 -des3 -out SERV / some.server.ru / server.key.1 2048

mzere likugwiritsa ntchito achinsinsi 1234. Iwo anafunika kwa nthawi yaitali.

achinsinsi tsopano kuchotsedwa timu:

openssl rsa -passin pochitika: 1234 zinatha SERV / some.server.ru / server.key.1 -out SERV / some.server.ru/server.key

Tsopano inu muyenera lowani izi:

SERV /some.server.ru/ openssl.conf -new -key SERV /some.server.ru/ server.key -out SERV /some.server.ru/ server.csr openssl req -config SERV /some.server.ru/ openssl.conf zachilendo -key SERV /some.server.ru/ server.key -out SERV /some.server.ru/ server.csr

rm -f SERV/ some.server.ru/server.key.1 Ndipo kuchotsa kwa kanthawi: RM -f SERV / some.server.ru/server.key.1

Mothandizidwa ndi mpheto ikuchitika adzakhala makalata Seva kuti zitha kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga. Kuwonjezera waukulu, pali zigawo zina kuti angathe kuikidwa kukuza magwiridwe a. Izi kulenga zonse zochitika makalata Seva pa Linux kwa ogwira ntchito a.

mbali zina

The zigawo zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito zokulitsa mphamvu ya makina mail, monga "sipamu" kapena kugawa utumiki.

• Gulu. Kwambiri wosuta-wochezeka ukonde mawonekedwe makalata. Kuwonjezera ntchito yake yaikulu anamanga-mu kalendala, ntchito, ndi kulankhula. Iwo ali yabwino kasinthidwe ndi ikukonzekera dera.
• Amavisd watsopano. Iwo amachita udindo wa pachipata ndi ntchito kwenikweni kwa ngalawayo itafika kumzinda umisiri osiyana. Amavisd watsopano amalandira, Zosefera izo amadziwa ngati n'koopsa, ndipo zikugwirizana ntchito zina zigawo zina yachinsinsi.
• SpamAssassin. Monga dzina lake likunenera, unit Zosefera makalata malinga ndi malamulo, kuwerengetsa sipamu. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito onse mosiyana ndi mbali ya ziwanda zosiyanasiyana.
• ClamAV. Popular Linux-chilengedwe antivayirasi. Ndi pulogalamu yaulere. Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi maseva zosiyanasiyana makalata kuti aone owona ndi mauthenga "pa ntchentche".
• Lumo. ostfix. gawo ili masitolo checksums mauthenga sipamu ndi amalankhulira mwachindunji ndi P ostfix.
• Pyzor - chida china kudziwa mauthenga amene ali njiru opanda ntchito kwa malamulo wosuta.
• Fail2ban. chida A amateteza wosuta nkhani ndi kuwakhadzula chakuthengo mphamvu mapasiwedi. Pambuyo nambala inayake ya nthawi yeniyeni ya IP-adiresi ali oletsedwa kwa kanthawi.
• Mailman. Chophweka njira kulenga mndandanda yamakalata mwa mawonekedwe Web.
• Munin. A chida cha ntchito yowunikira Seva. Iwo ali ambiri okonzeka zopangidwa pulagi-ins kuti mukulitse mphamvu zake. ndondomeko Network ntchito akhoza inamva pa ndandanda yabwino.

Pomaliza

Monga Tingaone nkhani, unsembe ndi kasinthidwe wa zonse kunachitika Seva makalata pamanja - ntchito nthawi ndi zovuta. Komabe, njira imeneyi zambiri kumvetsa mmene dongosolo ntchito ndi kudziwa mphamvu yake ndi vulnerabilities. Mu nkhani ya mavuto anakonza mkulu wa adzatha mofulumira kupeza ndi vutolo. Makamaka zogwirizana ndi makampani akuluakulu amene ntchito amadalira pa liwiro kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga kwa makasitomala kapena zibwenzi. Pakuti Intaneti kakang'ono ndithu yabwino yothetsera "kunja kwa bokosi", sipangakhalenso kufalitsidwa msanga ntchito wosuta-wochezeka mawonekedwe.

Komabe, mwambo kulephera Seva ndi nthawi yaitali kudutsa ndi kumvetsa dongosolo unit. Nkhani chitsanzo cha Postfix makalata Seva chikusonyeza njira zikuluzikulu ndi njira yokhazikitsira ntchito yaikulu. Pamodzi ndi ambiri zigawo, pulagi-ins ndi kuwonjezera-mvu izo adzalenga wamphamvu ndi odalirika chida kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga.