Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chinthu chophunzira za sayansi ya zachikhalidwe.

Bungwe lirilonse la anthu liri ndi zochitika zake, zomwe zikutanthawuza kwathunthu magulu, chiwerengero cha anthu, zosiyana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Chikhalidwe cha anthu amatha kusintha ndi nthawi monga momwe kupanga ndi zinthu zina zokopa zimasinthira. Kotero, zaka mazana angapo zapitazo mayiko ambiri anali ndi chiwerengero chodziwika bwino cha anthu molingana ndi kukhala a gulu linalake, kuvomereza kwawo ndi chipembedzo.

Anthu ammudzi ndi gulu lokhazikika la anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo ndi zofanana. Midzi imagawidwa malinga ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Zenizeni - zomwe ziripodi;
• Zosintha - dzina (zomwe zinalembedwa mu zolembera);
• Misa - gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lomwelo;
• Gulu - magulu akulu ndi aang'ono;

Pali mitundu yotsatira yamagulu:

• Maphunziro opanga - amasiyana mofanana ndi chitukuko cha anthu komanso mfundo ya zikhalidwe za ntchito;
• Anthu ammudzi;
• Chiwerengero cha anthu (kugonana);
• Zomveka, dera;
• Malo;
• Makampani
• Magulu a mafuko ndi achipembedzo;
• Kupanga magulu;
• Banja;

Kulingalira pakati pa anthu ndi gawo lokhazikitsidwa mwachinsinsi pakati pa anthu pazifukwa zina chifukwa cha kusalinganika koyamba pakati pa wina ndi mzake.

Palinso ndondomeko zosakanikirana, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu amasiku ano, zomwe zimayenda nthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za nthawi yathu ndizochita bwino kwambiri - kusintha kwa umunthu wa malo a anthu. Koposa, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha Aurope, Amwenye ndi anthu okhala m'mayiko otukuka ku Asia, mayiko ena ku Africa ndi Latin America. Kusamuka kwa anthu ndizosavomerezeka kwa anthu amitundu.

Chikhalidwe cha anthu amtunduwu chimakhala ndi mitundu yotsatira ya kayendetsedwe ka anthu:

Kuyenda mozungulira ndiko kayendetsedwe ka magulu kapena anthu ena kuchokera ku chikhalidwe china kupita kumalo ena, pamene chikhalidwe cha anthu (pansi kapena chapamwamba) chikusintha kwambiri;

Kusuntha kwabwino - kusintha kwa munthu kuchokera ku gulu linalake lomwe likupita kumalo ena, omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chimodzimodzi (kuchoka ku gulu limodzi la akatswiri kupita ku lina, kusintha khalidwe la banja, kuvomereza kwachipembedzo, etc.);

Kusintha kwa malo - kusintha kwa malo okhala;

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe cha anthu - chifukwa chiyani kuli koyenera mu chikhalidwe cha anthu?

Chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi gulu lomwe zitsanzo za chidwi ndi wofufuzirayo zigawanika. Amapereka ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Mabungwe omwe ali pansi pa phunziro ndi injini ya patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha anthu;
• Chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri kapena okhudzidwa ndi magulu amtundu wa anthu amatha kudziwa momwe zinthu zilili m'madera enaake, pomwe zikhoza kuchititsa kusintha kwa chiyanjano padziko lapansi (monga mwachitsanzo, mu October mu 1917);
• Mtundu wa anthu, msinkhu ndi msinkhu wa chitukuko chake umadalira kugawanika kwa gululi kukhala magulu ndipo omwe mwa iwo amakhala pa malo apamwamba ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu yeniyeni.

Powerenga nkhani yakuti "chikhalidwe cha anthu" mwatsatanetsatane, chikhalidwe cha anthu chikhoza kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa:

• Tsatanetsatane wa njira zowonjezera zowonjezereka zogwirizana ndi gulu la anthu komanso gulu lonselo;
• Kuthetsa mavuto a mikangano ya anthu, kusaka njira zothetsera mavuto awo;
• Kuthetsa vuto la "anthu abwino" momwe zosowa zenizeni za anthu ochulukirapo angakumane nazo.