Sturmovik "Rook" Lamulungu 25: kufotokoza, specifications, zithunzi

Zochitika ku Syria ndi kugwira nawo gulu Russian mpweya anafotokoza paki njira zamakono wathu Air Force. Zingakhale zomveka kuganiza kuti adzathandiza nawo ndege zamakono kwambiri, monga chimadalira quantitatively ang'onoang'ono ntchito m'dziko lachilendo. Pakati pa ndege zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo atsopano, chidwi limachokera kwa Lamulungu 25 'Grach' unaonekera ngakhale pa nkhondo Afghanstan. Ndi chiyani icho? makina amadziwika ndi makhalidwe ake kumenyana za nthano ake.

Zikamera wa chiphunzitso cha

Kufunika ngati makina ankhondo Soviet anamva mu theka lachiwiri la 60s lapansi. Zitsanzo yotchuka kwambiri ya zida ulendo wa USSR Air Force pa nthawi imeneyo zinali zabwino nkhondowo ndege MiG 21, MiG 23, MiG 19, Lamulungu-7b ndi Yak 28. Ena mwa iwo pa womberani ikuchitika kuukira kuukira udindo wa mdani yoyerekeza, koma ngakhale akatswiri zinali zomveka kuti nkhondo yeniyeni, zotsatira za kunyanyala ngati mpweya sizikhala chidwi. Mfundo ndi kuti makhalidwe ake onse, njira imeneyi analengedwa kuti ntchito zina. Ambiri a iwo anali mbedza, retrofit gulaye kunja kwa zida zina kalasi "mpweya dziko". Komabe, panali stormtroopers (mwachitsanzo, yemweyo Lamulungu-7b), koma kukula mofulumira mpweya chitetezo kutsogolo-mzere mlingo mu msasa wa adani sanali kuuzira chidaliro kwambiri. Icho chinali Vietnam nkhondo, amene anapereka mwayi wapadera kuphunzira zinachitikira oyendetsa American (zambiri chisoni) ndipo kudziwa fano ambiri zokhudzana ndege ntchito nthaka thandizo.

Khama la amafuna mfundo

Mu 1969, angapo bureaus ndege kamangidwe, kuphatikizapo wotchuka (Mikoyan, Yakovlev, Ilyushin, Sukhoi), anaitanidwa ku nawo mpikisano ntchito zabwino za ndege thandizo mwatsatanetsatane. maudindo onsewa anali kalembedwe awo, ndi zokumana sukulu, kuphatikizapo tinasonkhanitsa pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu mmasate mochedwa sanali wina kuposa sv Ilyushin walenga kwambiri kuukira ndege IL-2, akuchita imeneyi nkhondowo ntchito. Tsopano anali kupanga chinachake chonga ichi, koma ndi latsopano ndege nthawi. Ndege, malinga ndi asilikali, ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa:

• luso kupereka bwino mphamvu pansi pa zamasewero ku nkhondo dziko;
• kuchita utumwi nkhondowo usana ndi usiku ndi pansi aone aliyense, ngakhale ziro;
• Weatherproof;
• mkulu survivability anasonyeza mwa counteraction yogwira wa mfuti mdani;
• kwambiri firepower ndipo zosiyanasiyana zida zida, kuphatikizapo mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane;
• ndege akhale osavuta, undemanding kwa zinthu opaleshoni ndipo zosavuta kusamalira.

mpikisano adagonja Sukhoi, unapereka ndege sewero T-8, omwe anakhala zinachitika ya oti muli nazo zida nkhondo ndege "Grach" Lamulungu 25.

ntchito kwa zaka khumi

Palibe n'kofunika kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane za mmene kupanga ndegeyo. zofunika yoyamba anachita mu 1975 (Mayeso Pilot - Ilyushin), ndipo izi ali mapulani kupanga siriyo (Tbilisi ndege Kupanga katundu) anali analemba. Zaka zinayi ankagwira ntchito kapangidwe komaliza, ndipo mu kope 1979 anayamba. polojekiti m'ndende M. P. Simonov ndi O. Samoylovich. The Lamulungu 25 'Grach "anasonyeza ntchito chidwi moti nthawi yomweyo nawo ntchito nkhondowo pa zigawo Afghanistan, pokhala Choncho mayeso ntchito m'mikhalidwe leni nkhondo.

kamangidwe

Padziko, m'ndegemu homely, iwo ali ambiri "humpbacked" silhouette, chifukwa chochuluka mafuta m'galimoto yomwe imakhala kuseri cockpit, koma kuganiza ndi wonyenga. Lamulungu 25 'Grach "wamangidwa pa ochiritsira monoplane chiwembu. Vysokoraspolozhennoe mapiko, fuselage riveted. Nthenga komanso si wosiyana chiyambi iliyonse. Mapiko yaitali, malo okwana 30 sq. m, ndi zikulilima otsika. Palibe zodabwitsa mu ichi: Lamulungu 25 'Grach "- subsonic kuukira ndege, liwilo si lamulo. Zimakhala stably kuyenda pansi pa madzi ndi mutu madigiri 30 pa 700 Km / h. Tricycle ankafika zida, mphuno strut ndi osamukira kuti saletsa ndi mfuti. akasinja mafuta zisanu: awiri mu ndege imodzi ili mu gawo pakati ndi awiri zambiri mkati fuselage lapansi. Iwo anapangidwa kuti matani atatu a palafini. Amapanga anapereka ogwiritsa iwiri zambiri ikulendewera. Ambiri, ndi koyamba "Grach" Lamulungu 25 - ndi ndege ochiritsira, popanda mavuto. Zozizwitsa awonekere anayendera pafupi mbali yake.

Zida ndi wamphamvu

Cilamulo kufanana kwa wachibale wa IL-2 ndi luso ntchito ikakhala otsika pansi moto kuchokera mfuti odana ndege komanso mwina roketi machitidwe mpweya chitetezo. Choncho ndege akhoza kupirira zinthu izi zowononga okonza anali wokongola lachinyengo. SU 25 "Rook" - oti muli nazo zida kuukira subsonic - tichipeza oposa 7% ya misa onse a chabe njira chitetezo. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa katswiri woyendetsa. Kumbuyo zitsulo headrest zikuto zake, kutsogolo - Mwakonza triplex 6.5-inchi broneblok, ndiponso m'mbali - ndi heavy-ntchito titaniyamu. Mogwira kuteteza zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika ndiponso ikuluikulu, kachitidwe lingafanane. A yovuta kwambiri anali ngakhale "mbola" kugonjetsa Lamulungu 25 'Grach ". Soviet oti muli nazo zida subsonic kuukira ndege anabwerera airfields ndi ambiri mabowo chipolopolo, ndipo nthawizina ndi injini vyvorochennye pa wina otsala.

firepower

Home wakupha mphamvu izi ndege kuukira wakumvera ndege, pa mfundo khumi kunja kuyimitsidwa. Atatu a iwo anapangidwa kuti semitones misa. Total nkhondowo katundu - 4.4 mamita Yerekezerani kunyamula AN-26 zimatengera pa bolodi 6 matani katundu .. Chiwerengero cha zida ntchito ndi mpweya, umalandira chithunzi cha 32, ndipo akhoza wokwera pa pylons zosiyanasiyana osakaniza, kuphatikizapo mivi motsogozedwa ndi unguided cholinga kuwononga mipherezero nthaka ndi mpweya, mabomba a mitundu yonse ya akasinja ndi napalm (makilogalamu 500) ndipo inaimitsidwa mfuti nyemba. Palinso anamanga-ziwiri mbiya mfuti phiri likungosonyeza 30mm (GSH-30). Ndi ngakhale kovuta kusankha momwe bwino kuyitana Lamulungu 25 'Grach "kapena" zouluka thanki "? Kuyerekeza si mokomera dziko "anzake".

Kusamalira za katswiri woyendetsa

Pa Great oyendetsa kukonda dziko lako zambiri stormtroopers anafa. Anakhudzidwa zinthu wapadera wa nkhondowo opareshoni, otsika kukwera ndi kupanda catapults. Mpando K-36L, amene okonzeka ndi "Rook" Lamulungu 25, adzapulumutsa woyendetsa, ngakhale ayenera kusiya galimoto pa ziro okwera pa liwiro la zikwi makilomita paola. Mwina chikomokere (mwachitsanzo, akukumana wokhala zimamuchulukira), zimene zinachitikira ntchito yokakamiza fixation ndi udindo m'khola danga adzakhala kusintha basi. Komanso, moyo woyendetsa sitima amasunga kale zida ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chitetezo. Pakuti nthawi zonse ntchito kuphatikizapo zinthu nkhondowo, chifukwa imfa ya woyendetsa ndege mumlengalenga sanataye aliyense wa Lamulungu 25 'Grach ". Zida kuukira kupirira ngakhale kukumenya mwachindunji ndi chipolopolo zida zankhondo.

Pankhondo

"Iye anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake" nkutheka ndegeyo, monga atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, mu mlengalenga otentha la Afghanistan. Ngati pachiyambi cha nkhondo ya Soviet Air Force anamva wosavuta, ndiye ndi m'ma Mipingo asilikali mujahideen analandira kuchokera ku "abwenzi American" machitidwe ake kunyamula mpweya chitetezo, amene kwambiri kusokoneza onse mayendedwe ndi chilango cha utumwi nkhondo. Komabe, ndege, woyendetsa za Lamulungu 25 'Grach' zaka eyiti nkhondo apanga pafupifupi 60,000 sorties, omwe athandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa ziwawa anakhala akuonadi dongosolo mamba-17BTS-8, lomwe lili lolondola kugunda, ndi zina zambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu avionics anapanga kuphatikizapo ntchito luso laser. Udindo ankaimba ndi misampha kutentha, zinthu zododometsa "mbola" ndege, - iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndege zina Soviet pa ndege pa bwalo la zamasewero ku Afghanstan ntchito. The DRA anataya 23 ndege "anaukira kuwombera pansi" pakuchitika maola 2800 (ndiko kwambiri). Ndege "Grach" Lamulungu 25 ikuchitika 139 imalankhula mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane motsogozedwa mivi mfundo mujahideen kukana, ndipo ziwiri zokha za iwo anafika cholinga.

Stormtrooper wakhala chachikulu "workhorse" pankhondo yoyamba Chechen kampeni (1994-1996), mu nthawi iyi, zigaŵenga adaombera pansi mayunitsi anayi. chopereka chake chachikulu kwa gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo, ndipo kenako mu dziko potsiriza pa mtendere.

Kwambiri ntchito, wodalirika komanso kuphweka la ndegeyo chinathandiza makontena ake kunja. Iye ali mu utumiki ndi maiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo a Warsaw ke. Ndi zomvetsa chisoni, koma malonda kwambiri kwa ndege zankhondo okhudzidwa ake pa nkhondo m'deralo, zomwe kumapeto kwa XX ndi chiyambi cha XXI zaka zokwanira. Kuukira Soviet anali atamenya Angola (1975-2002), Iraq (1980-1988), Tajikistan (1992-1997), Abkhazia (1992-1993), Karabakh (1991-1994), Congo, Ethiopia (1998-2000), Macedonia ( 2001), kachiwiri mu Iraq (1991) ndi ena "mawanga chamoto". Sad mndandanda mu 2014 Ukraine anapitiriza.

Patsogolo utumiki yaitali

Pa "ubwenzi waukulu" ndi United States ndi mtundu wa "nzeru ndi" asilikali a mayiko awiri, imene anali ndi mwayi kuyerekeza zitsanzo za zida zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, ndege US anali athe kuwunika kuthekera ndege za Lamulungu 25 'Grach ". oyendetsa odziwa amene anatumikira zaka zambiri mu US Air Force, zinachititsa kuti kusangalala kotheratu kwa unsightly view ndege, zimene zinathandiza yabwino kwambiri kusamalira. Ngakhale zaka olemekezeka chitukuko ndi kuchotsa lenileni la ulimi wake, matenda si wotopa mwayi wake. Panopa Air Force ndi Bulu la Chitaganya cha Russia pa ntchito za 240 "Makwangwala Olimbana" wa zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, asilikali a limati zina mofulumira palibe kumtumizako mu pantchito. Ambiri a iwo mu Belarus (za zana) ndi Ukraine (35), koma ndege zankhondo piloting m'mayiko khumi. Kuchokera mu 1999, inatenga kunja wamakono zakuya za paki sayansi ya Russian Air Force, kuphatikizapo Lamulungu 25 'Grach ". Russian oti muli nazo zida subsonic kuukira ndege adzakhala utumiki mpaka osachepera 2020.