Synod - ndi ... Holy Synod ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox

The Synod Woyera - m'mbuyomu apamwamba bungwe lolamulira la zochitika za Mpingo Orthodox. Ndi opareshoni kuchokera 1721 mpaka 1918. Pa Council ya Russian Orthodox Church 1917 Local - 1918, anaganiza mabishopu. Pa nthawi, thupi chimagwira chabe mbali mu zochitika za mpingo.

Mpingo wa nthawi oyambirira

ROC anakhazikitsidwa mu 988. Choyamba atsogoleri dongosolo masanjidwe anatengera ku Istanbul. Pa 9 zaka zotsatirazi mpingo Russian anali kwakukulukulu amadalira Ufumu wa Byzantium. Mu nthawi kuchokera 988 mu 1589 ankachita chipangizo mitropolitskoe. Komanso, kuchokera 1589 mpaka 1720 anali mtsogoleri wa Russian Orthodox mkulu wa tchalitchi. Ndipo kuyambira 1721 mpaka 1918 mpingo ankalamulidwa ndi Synod. Panopa, akulamulira yekha wa Russian Orthodox Church mabishopu, Kirill ndi. Today Synod - ichi ndi chinthu thupi chenjezo.

Malamulo a mpingo Universal

Malinga ndi malamulo onse a Sinodi dziko la ziphunzitso akhoza kukhala milandu, malamulo, utsogoleri, ndi imayang'anira mphamvu zolimbana. Mogwirizana ndi boma opangidwa ndi munthu yakale zoikidwa ndi boma. The matupi awa unakhazikitsidwa kuti ntchito bwino Synod ya:

1. Synodal Office.
2. Wauzimu ndi kuphunzira komiti.
3. Management Synodal yosindikiza.
4. Ofesi ya Bwanamkubwa.
5. Wauzimu ndi sukulu matabwa.
6. kasamalidwe Economic.

ROC lagawidwa dioceses, malire amene lifanane ndi malire a mbali ya boma. Maonekedwe a Sinodi kukhala ansembe, ndipo akulimbikitsidwa chipembedzowo lapansi. Kukhazikitsidwa awo kuchita msonkhano wapadera wa Synod ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox (2 nthawi ndi chaka).

Kujambula Malamulo Zauzimu

malangizo auzimu zinalengedwa mwa dongosolo la Peter Ine, Metropolitan Feofanom Prokopovichem. chikalata amasonyeza onse a malamulo akale mpingo. Poopa kuti kukana kuti kusintha kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndi Russian Mfumu ndi anayambitsa chiyembekezo chakuti mphamvu za makolo akale ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa Synod. Mosakayikira n'chakuti zinali zitatha izi, ndipo pambuyo oyamba a malo Bwanamkubwa, ndi ROC anataya ufulu wodzilamulira ndi boma.

zifukwa Official chifukwa kasamalidwe Church Synod

Prerequisites zimene Russian Orthodox ali kamodzi analandira ndi mawonekedwe kasamalidwe (lamulo la Peter I), zalembedwa mu lamulo Auzimu ndipo anali motere:

1. atsogoleri angapo akhoza choonadi mofulumira kwambiri ndipo aposa mmodzi.
2. Solutions tchalitchi boma ndi kulemera kwambiri ndi ulamuliro kuposa zochita za munthu mmodzi.
3. Mu nkhani ya matenda kapena imfa ya mtsogoleri yekha mlanduwu sati ndinayima.
4. anthu ambiri akhoza kutenga zochita zambiri tsankho kuposa wina.
5. Akuluakulu ali ovuta kwambiri kusonkhezera pa ambiri a ansembe, kuposa akulamulira yekha wa mpingo.
6. Mu munthu wotereyo akhoza anayambitsa mphamvu kunyada. anthu wamba nthawi yomweyo kudzakhala kovuta kupatukana mpingo ku monarshestva lapansi.
7. The Synod Woyera nthawi zonse kutsutsa zochita n'kosaloleka mmodzi wa mamembala ake. Kuwerenga zosankha pachithunzichi wa mabishopu, ayenera kutchedwa atsogoleri East. Koma ndi wokwera mtengo ndi yaitali.
8. Synod - makamaka ngati sukulu imene zambiri mamembala angaphunzitse oyamba bizinesi kasamalidwe mpingo. Choncho, kuchuluka ntchito.

Mbali yaikulu ya Russian Synod

Mbali khalidwe la kumene analenga Russian Synod kuti iye anavomereza hierarchically wofanana ndi mbadwa East. matupi imeneyi m'mayiko ena Orthodox ankaimba yekha mbali yaing'ono ya umutu yekha wa munthu. Only sinodi Greek anali nayo mphamvu yomweyo mkati awo mpingo dziko monga Russian. Nyumba ya Mulungu pa maiko awiri nthawi zonse mu chipangizo chanu zambiri zofanana. Makolo akale kum'mawa amatchedwa "Mchimwene mwa Ambuye," Sinodi Woyera wa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, ndiyo kuzindikira mphamvu zake wofanana wake.

Mbali mbiri ya Synod

Poyamba, bungwe lolamulira inkakhala:

1. Pulezidenti (Stefan Jaworski - Metropolitan wa Ryazan);
2. Wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko kuchuluka kwa anthu awiri;
3. Alangizi ndi kudziunika (anthu 4).

mamembala Synod anasankhidwa kuchokera mwa archimandrites, mabishopu, abbots ndi archpriests m'tawuni. malamulo mpingo anatengedwa kuti kuteteza ufulu wa maganizo Kutengera ndi. Kotero mu Synod analibe nawo abbots ndi Archpriests ataima pa mabishopu. Atamwalira Stefana Yavorskogo udindo wa wapampando linathetsedwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu onse a Sinodi anali equalized mu ufulu. Ndi zikuchokera thupi amasintha nthawi pa nthawi. Choncho, mu 1763 kuti inkakhala anthu 6 (3 mabishopu, ndi 1 2 Archimandrite FR). Pa 1819 - 7 anthu.

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chigamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Synod Pambuyo kutaya umembala, mfumu mu thupi ili ikuyang'anira munthu boma. Iye anasankhidwa ndi nthumwi ya boma la alonda lemekezedwa. Likutchedwa anam'patsa udindo wa "bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa Synod." Malinga ndi malangizo munakonda mfumu munthu anali "diso la Mfumu ndi loya kwa Public." Mu 1726 sinodi lidagawikana pawiri - mtengo wa uzimu ndi wathupi.

A mwachidule mbiri ya kasamalidwe synodal kuchokera 1721 mpaka 1918.

Mu zaka zoyambilira za chikoka chachikulu pa zochita za Synod anali Bishop Theophane. Ngakhale buku zipembedzo lofalitsidwa popanda chilolezo chake. munthu uyu anali bwenzi la Bismarck ndi Osterman ndi mabishopu onse, mwanjira ina, anali ndi zizolowezi zake. Mphamvu zoterozo Theophane anafika atagwa Party Wamkulu wa Synod. Pa nthawi imeneyo, boma la Soviet anali kudutsa nthawi yovuta. The nkhondo pakati kumvutitsa Ioannovnoy ndi wamkazi wa Peter Wamkulu anachititsa kuzunza mbali otsiriza. Pamene mamembala onse a Synod Feofan kupatula ukali ankangomumwaza abalalika, ndipo mu malo yake yoikidwiratu zina zambiri okhulupirika kwambiri kwa iye. Kumene, pambuyo kuti wafika mphamvu kuposa kale lonse. Theophanes anafa 1736

Pomaliza, Elizabeth asanakwere ufumu. Pambuyo pake, onse a olumikizirana nthawi ya ansembe ukapolo Theophanes anabwezedwa. Mu ulamuliro wake anali mmodzi wopambana kwa Russian Orthodox Synod. Komabe, mabishopu Mfumukazi adakali osati anachira. Komanso, wasankhidwa makamaka wosalolera mkulu wozenga J. Shahovsky, linachita kukhala odzipereka adherent cha mmene zinthu zilili.

Mu ulamuliro wa Peter III Sinodi Woyera wa Mpingo Orthodox Russian anakakamizidwa kupirira chikoka German, amene Komabe, inatha ndi kukwera wachifumu wa Catherine II. No zaluso yeniyeni, mfumukazi imeneyi ya Synod si anayambitsa. Chinthu chokha chimene iye wachita - anatseka ndalama koleji. Choncho, Synod anakhala kachiwiri ogwirizana.

Pansi Alexander I wozenga mlandu wamkulu amakhala Prince AN Golitsyn, mnyamata linachita kukhala woyang'anira onse a magulu lachinsinsi. Monga munthu yeniyeni, iye anafika poganiza opindulitsa kwa Synod, makamaka poyamba. Wotchuka mpingo chithunzi cha Nicholas ndinakhala Filaret anamanga mfumu ku Mulingo wa mzinda mu 1826. Kuyambira 1842 wansembe anatenga mbali mu ntchito ya Synod.

"Mibadwo ya Mdima" ya Synod ya chiyambi cha XX atumwi

Chifukwa chachikulu kubwerera kwa mabishopu mu 1917 - 18 zaka. Zinali kulowelera mu zochitika mpingo kasamalidwe Rasputin ndi aggravation ya mavuto azandale mozungulira thupi. Synod - ndi inviolability wa hierarchs lapansi. zochitika zokhudza imfa ya membala wa ulamuliro wa thupi la Anthony tinapangana mu malo ake Metropolitan Vladimir, ndipo kenako Pitirim zinachititsa kuti asonkhezere zosavomerezeka pamwamba Ngopambana mpingo zikhumbo zake ndi kulenga chikhalidwe katundu cha kukayikirana. Metropolitan Pitirim atsogoleri ambiri amaona "Rasputinists".

Ngati timaona kuti pofika cha 1916, ndi anthu ena ambiri Synod anali otsatira a henchman mfumu (Mwachitsanzo, mkulu wozenga Raev, woyang'anira ofesi ya Guriev ndi wachiwiri wake Mudrolyubov), mpingo unayamba pafupifupi waukulu chitsutso achifumu wachifumu. Mamembala a kasamalidwe thupi amene simuli gulu lina la "Rasputinists" mantha kamodzinso kunena maganizo awo, podziwa kuti akhale pomwepo umasamutsidwa ku Tsarskoye Selo. Zikugwira ntchito zochitika ali zoona, si Synod ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ndi panokha Rasputin.

Bwererani ku ulamuliro wa umutu

Pambuyo ulimi mu February 1917, Provisional boma kuti likonze zinthu izi, anapereka lamulo pa kuchotsedwa kwa ziwalo zonse za thupi ili ndi convening chatsopano gawo chilimwe. Chachisanu August 1917 anathetsa malo wozenga akulu ndi Utumiki anakhazikitsa zipembedzo. Malamulo a thupi ili m'malo mwa Synod lofalitsidwa mpaka January 18, 1918 Popeza February 14, 1918, Chigamulo lotsiriza la Council linasindikizidwa. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, ulamuliro wa Synod Woyera zapita mabishopu. Iyeyekha thupi ili anakhala gulu.

Features dongosolo ndi mphamvu ya Synod zamakono

Masiku ano, Synod Woyera wa Orthodox Russian ndi thupi yolangiza khololo. Pamafunikanso mamembala achikhalire ndi osakhalitsa. Otsiriza anaitana misonkhano ya dioceses awo ndi chimodzimodzi anabalalitsa popanda kupatsa memberships Synod. Lero, thupi ili ali ndi ufulu kukonzanso malamulo Malamulo uzimu ndi matanthauzo kale anawatumiza ovomerezeka kwa mabishopu.

Tcheyamani ndipo mamembala achikhalire

Today anatsogolera ROC Synod (anali tcheyamani), mabishopu, Kirill Gundyaev. mamembala achikhalire ndi Metropolitans:

1. Kiev ndi onse Ukraine Vladimir.
2. Ladoga ndi St. Petersburg, Vladimir.
3. Ndipo Slutsk Minskiy Filaret.
4. Onse Moldova Vladimir ndi Chisinau.
5. Kolomna ndi Krutitsy Juvenal.
6. Kazakhstan ndi Astanayskiy dzina lake Aleksandr.
7. Chapakati ku Asia Vincent.
8. Woyang'anira wamkulu wa Orthodox wa Moscow ndipo Mordovia Saransk Metropolitan Varsonofy.
9. Wapampando wa Dipatimenti kwa Zowonekera kunja Relations wa Orthodox wa Moscow, Metropolitan Volokolamskiy Illarion.

Location

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Synod anali mu St. Petersburg pa City Island. Patapita nthawi msonkhano anayamba kuonedwa mu nyumbayi wa khumi ndi awiriwo koleji. Mu 1835, Sinodi anasamukira ku Senate Square. Nthawi msonkhano kunditumiza ku Moscow. Mwachitsanzo, pa coronation a olamulira a. Mu August 1917 Sinodi potsiriza anasamukira ku Moscow. Izi zisanachitike panayenera yekha Synodal ofesi.

Mu 1922, mbadwa anamangidwa. Msonkhano woyamba wa Synod unachitikira zaka zisanu kenaka mu 1927. Ndiye kulembetsa ROC akwaniritsa Metropolitan Sergio wa Nizhny Novgorod. Iye anakonza nawo kanthawi Mkulu wa Mabishopu Synod. Komabe, m'chaka cha 1935 limba kachiwiri inasokonekera kwambiri njira imene akuluakulu.

Permanent Synod

Mu 1943, pa msonkhano wa mabishopu wa sinodi okhazikika anasankhidwa, magawo amene anayamba unachitika mu malo operekedwa ndi nyumba Stalin №5 mu Chotsani kanjira. Nthawi awo anawatengera ku zipinda za khololo Utatu-Sergio Lavra. Popeza 2009, tinkachita malo osiyana pa nkhani yosankha mutu wa Mpingo. Mu 2011, mu December, izo linatsegulidwa ndi odzipereka Synod zogona za kholo mu anakongoletsa St. Daniel obisika. Ndi apa kuti anadutsa posachedwapa panthawi msonkhano wotsegulira Oct. 2, 2013.

Msonkhano wotsiriza

Pa msonkhano wotsiriza (unachitikira mu October 2013), chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 1025th wa Ubatizo wa Russia. Zofunika zokwanira mpingo uli Synod kusamvana pa m'pofunika kupitiriza mwambo wa Catering iliyonse chikumbutso, mogwirizana ndi boma boma. mphamvu. Komanso pa msonkhano kukambirana nkhani pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dioceses latsopano mu zigawo zosiyana za dzikoli ndi ntchito atsogoleri udindo watsopano. Komanso, ansembe anatenga Malamulo pa mapulogalamu okhudzana yolangiza ana, komanso ya amishonale zinthu zosangalatsa.

Modern Russian Orthodox Church Synod, ngakhale kuti bungwe lolamulira, komabe n'chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wa mpingo. anagamula ake ndi zochita zimagwira dioceses onse. Malo Bwanamkubwa kwa mphindi kulibe. Pamene aliyense amadziwa, mpingo ndi boma, ife kulekanitsidwa. Ndipo chikoka chachikulu pa mfundo ya onse mkati ndi kunja, ngakhale ulamuliro wa umutu ndi ufulu ano, sichoncho. Kuti ndi ulamuliro onse si.