T-72: maonekedwe komanso zithunzi. T-72 "Ural" - waukulu nkhondo thanki USSR

Ngakhale patsogolo ulimi siriyo wa T-62 akasinja, mlengi mkulu L. N. Kartsevym Ural ophimba chomera anali akufuna kusintha chitsanzo kuziika izo injini latsopano, wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zambiri m'tsogolo galimotoyo. Zikuoneka ngati T-72 thanki. makhalidwe galimoto anaona ngati lalikulu oti muli nazo zida galimoto.

A mbiri pang'ono

M'chaka cha 1961 woyamba mabuku awiri a akasinja anali anamanga, ndipo iwo anali kuyesedwa mu mode mofulumira - choyamba chomera, ndiye pamalowa. Chinthu ankasiyana modernize, koma ngakhale ubwino wake onse, mbewu sanalandire chilolezo boma kwa kupanga thanki latsopano. Chaka mu chitsanzo apangidwa ena kusintha:

1. Choyamba ankaganiza adalira kwa T-72 akasinja, imene inali atatu - mkulu, gunner ndi dalaivala.
2. thanki anali okonzeka ndi mfuti autoloaders ndi zida chitetezo chiwembu zochokera SRI zitsulo.
3. Galimotoyo zitsanzo anakonza masekeli palibe matani oposa 40.

Koma kusintha sanatengedwe, awiri okha gearboxes mbali anatsala.

Kamangidwe Features thanki

T-72 - thanki yodziwika yomanga chakale, gulu kulekana lili kutsogolo. Management cholinga mu mphuno galimoto, apa zili akasinja mafuta, thanki-pachithandara mbale ulamuliro zipangizo wa dalaivala, zida zamagetsi.

Nthambi ulamuliro zikuphatikizapo mpando makina, amene akulamulira thanki T-72. Pamwamba mpando wa dalaivala pali zimaswa. Mbale wanga zida anaika chipangizo chimene chimathandiza kuwunika zinthu. dalaivala akukhala pamene galimoto kuti kupangidwa kusamala mwa mipando pansi pa thanki.

kumenyana chipinda

Adalira chipinda m'galimoto yatsala pakati pa alumikizana ndi turret, amene umatilekanitsa mphamvu paketi mu kugawa wapadera. Chabwino lochititsa kunja kamangidwe zimathandiza gulu kosavuta kwa anthu oyendetsa ku maudindo maofesi. Chitonthozo ndi ergonomics - kusiyana waukulu, umene akhoza kudzitama wa T-72 thanki. Khalidwe la iye monga nkhondowo chotengera ndi chidwi:

1. thanki yatenganso smoothbore mfuti nsanja 125. mm, ndi kulipiritsa makina ndi ulamuliro moto zida.
2. Kungoyambira mfuti ali okonzeka ndi wolamulira ndi gunner akukhala kumanzere.
3. Pa mfuti kumanja pali PKT mfuti ya makina, ndipo pamwamba apuma pa spacers m'munsi chitoliro-rangefinder kuona.
4. Kuntchito mkulu zida wokongola: tichipeza ya magetsi makina mfuti pakamwapo, thanki ofukula malangizo, wailesi, ndi zida yapadera, imene kunja chikugwirizana ankafika zitsulo, ndi tinakwera galimoto ya mkulu wa nsanja.
5. mkulu la nsanjayo ali ndi chivundikiro mbale torsion bar.
6. chimphika Commander ali okonzeka ndi zipangizo kuonerera awiri TNP 160 ndi kuwalamulira chipangizo TKN-3.

Chipinda kumenyana amadziwikanso zida ndi zipangizo ndi njira kuti kuonetsetsa chomasuka ntchito thanki.

mphamvu paketi

Gawo aft ali ndi mphamvu kulekana. Engine thanki T-72 lili pa mbali ya ku doko, ndi pakati pa iwo ndi kugawa kwa galimoto yozizira dongosolo, sefa mafuta, valavu uyenderere thanki. Kumanja wokwera mpweya purifier. The nyumba ali ndi chakudya pepala, momwe dongosolo yozizira ili. Amagwiritsidwanso zida ndi mphamvu zina kulekana ndi thanki yaikulu mafuta, zomwe zimathandiza kuti injini kondomu. Mphamvu ofesi chatsekedwa chivindikiro. Mafuta thanki T-72 100 Km motere:

• pamene galimoto pa nthaka - L 260-450;
• m'misewu wopalidwa - 240 L.

thupi Features

Mmodzi wa akasinja wotchuka Soviet - T-72 thanki. Khalidwe la iye monga kuphana ndi chingakhale chosakwanira, ngati sakufotokoza maonekedwe a thupi. The nyumba chitsanzo ichi - ndi nkhani amphamvu, kuti wa welded mbale zida. Apa mphuno gawo imakonzedwa, chakudya mbali, pansi, makoma ndi mpweya wabwino galimoto ndi denga wa paketi mphamvu.

Tikamazunzidwa pepala - ndi multilayer chotchinga gulu la zitsulo ndi fiberglass, kakakulu zomwe imapereka avale kugonjetsedwa ❖ kuyanika. mbali ya thupi amalimbikitsidwa ndi mbale zida umodzi, mu gawo pakati ali wodzilemekeza ndi n'kupanga zozitetezera. Cholinga chawo - kuonjezera buku mkati mwa mpanda ndi kukhazikitsa pa nsanja awo. Kukafika kutsogolo lonse la mbali ndi welded m'mabokosi, amene wokwera pa chiongolero.

T-72 - wotchuka Soviet thanki kuti anauziridwa ulemu padziko lonse. Dyetsani nyumba yake ndi zida mbale kumbuyo. Monga chitetezo wokwera zimakupiza kuzunguza mitu. Ndi volute wokonzeka ndi zochotseka kutsogolo ndipo mbali mbale. The nyumba ali ndi kukolezera yozizira, ndi cholinga chachikulu cha partitions - kukonza otaya mpweya. m'mbali mwa thanki wodzilemekeza ndi siketi kukhala makulidwe a 3 mamilimita ndipo anapangidwa ndi aloyi zotayidwa. Kupulumutsa boma la thanki pamene galimoto pa mtunda kovuta, ndi zowonetsera akhoza adzaikidwa mu malo stowed - tuck iwo mu kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke fumbi mbali. Pamene T-72 nkhondo, zishango fumbi akhoza kufalitsidwa patsogolo pa makona a madigiri 60.

Kodi nsanja?

Ntchito kulenga izo kwa mphako kuponyera zida zitsulo, ndi welded pamwamba pa denga ndi mutu umene kuteteza m'munsi chitoliro kuona rangefinder. Tower osiyana dongosolo monolithic, mmene khoma makulidwe zimasiyanasiyana. Mbali kutsogolo yatenganso porthole kumene mfuti waikidwa, mbali pamwamba - masaya Arc, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa kusungitsa cha mthunzi.

Ufulu mfuti amapereka kwa embrasures amene ali coaxial makina mfuti. Wachoka mfuti bulaketi m'menemo ndi chounikira yakwera usiku pamaso osakaniza ndi chubu, amene akudyetsedwa kwa mfuti magetsi actuator. The theka kumanzere wa denga zimaswa ali m'munsi, kumene gunner ndi ili. Tower onsewo limagwirira hayidiroliki ndi Buku. Zonsezi chimasiyanitsa T-72 thanki, lomwe mbali amalola kuti ajambule nkhani makhalidwe ankhondo a galimoto oti muli nazo zida.

thanki zida

turret okonzeka ndi smoothbore mfuti D-81TM, izo wophatikizidwa ndi mfuti wina, ndipo kukhazikika ndege ziwiri malangizo. Mbiya ya mfuti - chubu kuti chikugwirizana ndi malaya casing, limagwirira breech ndi ankatenthetsa. Nayenso, imakhala nozzles asanu. mfuti shutter osiyana theka-zodziwikiratu mode ntchito. Yowotcha osiyanasiyana thanki T-72 motere:

• pamene kuwombera zida kuboola projectiles, ndi mtunda chokhala ndi 4000 mamita
• pamene ntchito zipolopolo mkulu-zachiwawa kufunika kwake ukufika 5000 mamita;
• pamene kuwombera usiku ndi wofanana 800 mamita;
• pamene zipolopolo zipolopolo ndi mlingo lateral ntchito zipolopolo mkulu-zachiwawa likuomba osiyanasiyana angafikire 9400 m.

Tikumbukenso kuti adzapereke basi zosiyanasiyana nkhondowo mfuti mlingo yowotcha kuti zipolopolo 8 pa yokha, ndi adzapereke Buku - akatemera 1-2 mphindi.

Yowotcha osiyanasiyana T-72 amaperekedwa stereoscopic monocular pamaso-rangefinder zida ndi zina palokha olimba za kuthengo zithunzi. Kugwiritsa pamaso chandamale mtunda amayezedwa osiyanasiyana 1000-4000 mamita ndi lolondola peresenti 3-5. Ngati mfuti ya imachitika usiku, yapadera usiku pamaso ndi kuyatsa zochokera sefa IR.

Wolamulira Tower ali okonzeka ndi mfuti odana ndege, amene amalola inu kuwombera pa mipherezero mpweya ndi nthaka. Pankhani ya T-72 a TTX thanki izi: pa wapotalikira mipherezero mpweya yowotcha imachitika pa mtunda wa 1500 mamita pa nthaka - mpaka 2000 mamita antiaircraft thanki unsembe zikuphatikizapo :.

• makina mfuti NSV 12,7 mamilimita;
• mchikuta ndi chipangizo angadzachite;
• odana ndi ndege pamaso;
• kusamalira, kulola chida mwachindunji horizontally ndi vertically;
• kugu- zipolopolo;
• kugwirizanitsa limagwirira.

zipolopolo Ofunika

Mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri oti muli nazo zida kumenyana Russian wa nthawi zonse - ndi T-72. Armament amadzisankhira zipolopolo zotsatirazi:

• automaton AKMS 7,62 mamilimita;
• mfuti chizindikiro,
• 10 dzanja mabomba.

Thanki awiri-ndege stabilizer manja electrohydraulic, amene pamodzi ndi kuwala pamaso-rangefinder. Zolinga zikuluzikulu za zovuta awa:

1. kusunga basi mfuti ndi mfuti ya makina mu malo ena pa kayendedwe ka thanki.
2. Kumukopa mfuti okhazikika ndi mfuti bwino kusintha liwiro malangizo.
3. Kuthana unstabilized mfuti ndege yopingasa.
4. Pangani kutsata wa mkulu wa thanki kwa gunner lapansi.
5. Emergency atembenuza nsanja ya dalaivala.

Ndi stabilizer anapereka okhota mathamangidwe, amene anachititsa ndi mfuti vertically mu mode basi. Pa mbali ya thanki zipolopolo - 39 akatemera kwa mfuti, 2000 zipolopolo za zipolopolo kwa makina mfuti PKT, zipolopolo 300 zipolopolo kwa makina, makatiriji 12 kwa mfuti chizindikiro ndiponso zipolopolo 300 zipolopolo kwa odana ndege mfuti makina.

Features adzapereke

Pa T-72 ali osiyanasiyana electromechanical, amene basi anapatsa mfuti. Amakhala ndi conveyor onsewo, kukweza limagwirira cassettes, mphasa kuchotsa limagwirira potsegula ndodo, dynamoelectric pakamwapo mfuti, kukumbukira ndi wagawo kulamulira.

USSR nkhondo thanki okonzeka ndi conveyor onsewo kuti yakwera chimango machine zikuphatikizapo chimango, ndi electromechanical actuator chivundikiro, kutseka yopereka limagwirira lamba wa pamimba mawindo, ndi wokambirana ndi dzanja pagalimoto. Mu chimango 22 anaika cassettes, ali olimba welded yomanga. tepi ndi welded ndi mapaipi awiri muyenera kuti akomere osiyanasiyana akatemera.

Features wa amagetsi

Zida thanki T-72 akusonyeza pamaso pa powerplant kusinthidwa. Ndi injini dizilo ndi 780 ndiyamphamvu, amene wodzilemekeza ndi dongosolo madzi kuzirala ndi galimoto centrifugal supercharger. Engine kulemera ndi 980 makilogalamu, izo waikidwa mu malo opangira magetsi. Mipikisano mafuta injini akhoza kuthamanga pa zopangidwa yosiyanasiyana ya dizilo, petulo ndi palafini. Koma mafuta chachikulu - dizilo. mphamvu thanki injini kumaphatikizapo 4 m'nyumba ndi 5 akasinja panja mafuta.

Kuteteza mpweya wabwino umene akulowa zonenepa a injini, thanki lina okonzeka ndi awiri gawo mpweya zotsukira umachotsedwa dothi wokhometsa fumbi. Kuyeretsedwa imagwiridwa mu m'zinthu angapo, kenako mwayeretsa peresenti 99,8 mpweya akulowa injini.

The zida za T-72 akusonyeza pamaso pa lubricant ndi dongosolo yozizira. Dongosolo kondomu ndi kufalitsidwa ndi zimagwira ndi yozizira dongosolo - madzi ndi chosindikizidwa, ndi wodzilemekeza ndi makope yaukapolo. The wapadera Kutentha dongosolo umafunda mpaka injini ndi kupitiriza kusamala machitidwe ake pamaso Launch.

Thanki T-72 zida ndi HIV Buku ndi ulamuliro ndi hayidiroliki kuphatikizapo gitala ndi transmissions awiri. Gitala wotchedwa zida reducer kuti transmits makokedwe kuti ndimakokedwe.

Galimotoyo ndi zipangizo

Nkhondowo kulemera kwa T-72 matani 44,5, pamene undercarriage - ndi zina kuti adzipeza asanu rubberized odzigudubuza ndi atatu uni mbali wodzigudubuza, kumbuyo galimoto gudumu, dongosolo la chiwongolero ndi limagwirira tiyipukuse. Thanki ali munthu torsion kuyimitsidwa, amene kumawonjezera hayidiroliki absorbers mantha ndi asanu odzigudubuza thandizo. Mphutsi ndi mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono ndi chiwerengero cha nsapato 97 m'menemo.

Za zipangizo zina pa thanki Tingaone, ndi wailesi chipangizo kulankhulana, anaikira olembetsa anayi. The wailesi ukugwira ntchito ngati transceiver ndi foni, kupereka kulankhulana osiyanasiyana 20 Km. Ndi transceiver 1261 ukugwira ntchito pa pafupipafupi opaleshoni, kufala mbendera ndi phwando imachitika pa pafupipafupi wamba.

kachitidwe zoteteza

Ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa T-72 chinali chosangalatsa, izo zili ndi machitidwe zina zoti zingathe zida oti muli nazo zida galimoto zoopsa. Systems akhoza kuteteza thanki ndi zida zake mkati kuchokera yoweyula mantha, kutentha kwa bomba la nyukiliya, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito atadziŵa wothandizila poizoni kapena zida zotere.

kuphulika chitetezo ikuchitika amange zida, komanso apamwamba kusindikiza. Mkati thanki, wapadera odalirika chuma, ndi kumenyana chipinda ndi chipinda galimoto ndi adzatsekeredwa losindikizidwa. dongosolo chitetezo akutumikira monga kuwala ndi phokoso alamu, ndipo akulamulira cheza mlingo wa redundancy mkati kuthamanga thanki ndi kukhalapo kwa poizoni kunja kwake.

Moto wozimitsa System ndi makontena atatu-lita amene anadzazidwa ndi extinguishant ndi mapaipi atatu, amene kugwirizana zonenepa ndipo nthambi, ndipo zimatulutsa naini kutentha. A njira yapadera kanthu mobwerezabwereza kumatiteteza odalirika ku utsi. Ilo liri pa dizilo.

Wa zida thanki zina T-72 akhoza kutchulidwa dongosolo kwa galimoto m'madzi, amene amalola mavuto kuzama madzi 5 mamita ndi m'lifupi mwake mpaka 1000 m. Kapangidwe pogwiritsa mulinso lifejackets masks lakonzedwa kuti mamembala onse analira.

Zosintha thanki T-72

zaka zonse thanki kumasulidwa unayamba mu eyiti Mabaibulo yakuti: a T-72, T-72M ndi T-72M1, T-72C ndi mitundu yawo. Komanso, iye mwachangu anagulitsa kunja m'mayiko monga Czechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany, Hungary ndi Bulgaria. Pofika mu 2007, magalimoto awa oti muli nazo zida anali mu utumiki kumayiko angapo - Algeria, Vietnam, Libya, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan, ndi ena ambiri. Akasinja T-72 inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri monga maziko ambiri zomangamanga, yapadera ndi asilikali magalimoto.

T-72 - ndi thanki Ural kuti wachita kale chimodzi cha wamphamvu kwambiri ndi odalirika osati mu USSR komanso dziko. Baibulo akweza akadali amapangidwa m'mayiko ambiri, pamene zonse kuwongolera dongosolo kulamulira ndi zida mphamvu.