Technology "kudziwa-Mpaka" (No-mpaka) - ziro dongosolo tillage. ulimi wamakono

umisiri ulimi wamakono anayamba mbali zingapo, Pakati njira njira tillage chapadera kwambiri. zipangizo zaulimi opanga kubala hardware kulima kunadetsa chipangizo ndi makampani mankhwala amapanga zigawo lonse la fetereza. Komabe, zili njira chipangizo ndi kulima zaulimi lero kupikisana ndi njira zosiyana, kusintha mfundo ntchito dziko. Ndi kachitidwe ka ziro tillage, lotchedwa No-mpaka luso. Malinga ndi zikhalidwe za kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito, angathe kukusalani kulima chikhalidwe. njira imeneyi kale kudziwika, ndipo kusanduka zaka zapitazi, ndipo masiku ano chidwi adzawuka kachiwiri pa zifukwa zingapo.

Kusiyana chachikulu pakati pa "Kudziwa-Mpaka" Umisiri

ulimi chakale kwenikweni zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito luso Machining. gulu lonse njira ndi njira, amene amalola kuti konza makhalidwe a dziko chivundikiro mokwanira kulamulira matabwa ake. Potsilizira pake ntchito ngati kulenga seedbed ndi nthaka lotayirira ndi mapangidwe homogeneous amene ali oyenera akufa pochita ntchito muyezo. Ambiri muyeso wa mtundu uwu akulima kudzera zomwe nthaka komanso kamakhala kuchotsa namsongole.

Nayenso No-mpaka dongosolo kumatha ntchito izi ndi moyenera, zonse zinthu zoipa zimene atsagane nawo. Woyamba Machining kumafuna kugwira ntchito, nthawi ndi ndalama zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yokonza ndi ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Sizikutanthauza kuti luso ndi "kudziwa-Mpaka" kwathunthu amawapatsa ndi hardware, koma ntchito zawo si kofunika kwambiri. Komanso, miyambo njira kulima imfayo njira kukokoloka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimabweretsa chilakolako cha alimi ambiri kusinthana kachitidwe zina. Kukana kwa wolima limakupatsani kupulumutsa dongosolo nthaka, popanda kuphwanya bwino chinyezi - potero adzathetsa chiopsezo weathering topsoil. Koma pali downside, lomwe ndi nthaka compaction. Popanda kulima zochitika ngati n'zotheka m'njira zachilengedwe zikuwononga pa chitukuko mbewu m'tsogolo.

kukonzekera nthaka

ntchito kukonzekera kwa kukhazikitsa njira imeneyi ikuchitikira mu mawonekedwe a kuphimbira. Koma kusintha lokha njira imeneyi iyenera anachita maphunziro kamodzi. Popeza kuti malo dongosolo ziro zofunika kuzikwaniritsa, waukulu mmodzi - yosalala pamwamba. Inde, nkhani ya zaulimi n'zotheka kulankhula za njirayi, salembedwa yekha. m'dera alibe kusintha kulikonse lakuthwa mu kukwezedwa ndi kubowola wapadera angachite ndi ntchito yake. chakuti ndondomeko plating ikuchitika uniformly, pamene zipangizo zikuphatikizapo Mzere yaikulu ya dzikolo. Chifukwa, unevenness pa dzanja limodzi Machining chida akhoza kuswa magawo tsamba kumiza, motero, mbewu anabzala ndi zolakwika mwakale.

Mwina ndi mbali yokhayo ya kukhazikitsa dongosolo ziro, chimene chili chofunika ntchito alimi miyambo ndi zida ofanana. Kachiwiri, zaka sayansi "kudziwa-Mpaka" silitanthauza ndi mayikidwe zina, koma pokhapokha ngati kasinthasintha mbewu ndi bungwe molondola. Pa nthawi imeneyi kukonzekera ayenera kuchitidwa kuchepetsa ntchito nthaka zimene sitingathe m'tsogolo. Childs, kulima kwambiri interleaved ndi ndondomeko ya powapatsa zinthu zimene ayang'anire katundu agronomic a dziko lapansi. Otsatidwa ndi wotuluka wina wa magawo zikuluzikulu za sayansi - mulching.

mabedi mulching

Kumene, njirayi si siteji, basi wokwatibwa ndi njira No-mpaka, koma dongosolo lino makhalidwe yake ntchito. Pambuyo yokolola, dziputu wasiyidwa pa malo ntchito - izo adzachita monga kuphimbira, kuthandiza kuti musunge chinyezi kwambiri. chiwembu Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa mtengo wa mphamvu, mafuta zida m'kati kukhazikitsa mbewu. Kuti, poyerekeza ndi ulimi ochiritsira, ziro njira kumafuna mulching ndi udzu, amene si kuchotsedwa kutchire, koma amakhalabe. Komabe, ngakhale pano pali njira zosiyana. Alimi ena analimbikitsa kusiya mwachindunji mu mawonekedwe olimba, amene amapulumutsa nthawi ndi, kachiwiri, khama la mlimi. An view zina amapereka woyera udzu, koma wotsatira umapezeka ndipo atagona pa malo akale.

Pa ❖ kuyanika padziko aumbike amene amateteza nthaka ndi kukokoloka kwa chomwecho, ndi onse madzi ndi mphepo. Nthawi zambiri, mndandanda wa ntchito mu kuphimbira mu nkhani iyi ndi yosiyanasiyana. ❖ kuyanika zimenezi kumathandiza kukula kwa namsongole, salola kusiya chinyezi komanso zimathandiza kuti yambitsa nthaka microflora ndi ntchito ngati maziko kubalana zigawo chonde m'nthaka, amene kumawonjezera zokolola. Pamene izi sikuti okha udzu mmodzi yekha ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni zimene zatsala pa munda akakolola mbewu malonda. Ziyenera kukhala abwino, ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, bwino ntchito kuphimbira wa paini, zotsalira za chimanga, mitundu yonse ya hulls ndi khungwa ndi utuchi, komanso zina Eco-wochezeka koma mogwira mawu kubisa bizinesi zinyalala. Kufunika apamwamba kuphimbira chifukwa kufunika azilipira katundu atetezeke, amene kutaya pansi chifukwa cha minimization ntchito pa processing.

nthaka fetereza

Kusintha njira kukonzekera dziko kubzala ndi kulima njira ambiri sanathe bwanji m'munsi michere ya wosanjikiza dothi. Kuchepetsedwa processing mwamphamvu ndi kuteteza zotsalira mbewu kuchokera zotsalira zazomera wamkulu chikhalidwe kumathandiza kuchepetsa subsurface kutentha gradients. Nawonso microclimate pa nyemba zanu siziri choncho yabwino kwa kukula kwa zatsalira mbewu kuposa zigawo m'munsi. Chifukwa, zatsalira zotsalira zazomera kuwola ndinso pang'onopang'ono, ndipo monga ndondomeko pang'onopang'ono zakudya maphunziro. Choyamba akunena za zinthu asafe, mapangidwe amene amadalira zinthu kunja. Pankhaniyi pakalibe kukondoweza tizilombo nthaka, imene kachitidwe ochiritsira chimathandiza akulima, amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka asafe ndi mpweya mineralization. Choncho, kusowa ukapezeka chifukwa zina kotunga dziko zothandiza zinthu.

Kusiyidwa kwa kulima makamaka zimaphwanya dziko chivundikiro chitetezo chifukwa. Ngati kapangidwe mkati zimasunga mulingo woyenera khalidwe chitukuko mbewu, zigawo kunja kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides. Pofuna kukonza zokolola ndi kuchita Kuwonjezera asafe feteleza. Koma m'pofunika kuganizira kuti ntchito pamwamba-ukufalitsidwa a zigawo zikuluzikulu zizichitidwa mu mabuku lalikulu zoperewerazo zomvetsa angathe. Apanso tiyenera kukumbukira kuti luso ziro akadali pa siteji ya processing chachikulu kumapangitsa munthu oyamba kwambiri feteleza pa kulima. Pankhaniyi, mlingo akhoza zizigwirizana malamulo chikhalidwe, chifukwa kumatha chiopsezo asafe volatilization. Mtsogolo, mavuto ofanana ndi weathering fetereza padziko angathe kuthetsedwa ndi ntchito njira kulima ndi neglubinnuyu. Ndipotu, chinthu chachikulu kupanga khalidwe la zakudya si njira kuti ndi bwino zinthu. Lero, anayamba kuvala wapadera anaikira dziko ndi kufesa mwachindunji.

mfundo za kufesa

Monga luso kumatha akulima ntchito, limatchedwanso ndi kufesa mwachindunji. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndegeyo imachitidwa mwachindunji ku zotsalira za zomera akale, zisungidwe pa mmunda kuphimbira. Koma, kuti anthu a mtima wa kasinthasintha wa, m'pofunika poyamba kuwerengera kachulukidwe ake. chizindikiro ichi anatsimikiza ndi zifukwa zambiri pansi amene chikoka zidzachitika kwa osagwirizana pa ziro dongosolo. Makamaka pakati pawo ndi nyengo, mtundu nthaka, m'dera dziko, ndi zina zotero. D. Popeza akwaniritsa akadakwanitsira kachulukidwe kufalitsa mbewu, yembekezerani kumera mofulumira mbewu m'tsogolo.

Mu minda akatswiri mmera kachulukidwe kuchita masamu ndi mbeu pa wagawo m'dera zochokera ntchito pazipita madzi, kuunika ndi kusankha yoyenera zakudya. Zambiri kusankha dera ndi kasinthidwe wonse wa ankafika amadalira mtundu zida ntchito. Mosiyana ndi njira ochiritsira wa luso kulima "kudziwa-Mpaka" zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera cholinga mwachindunji seeding mwachindunji. Limatchula zida amenewa chifukwa zifukwa zingapo, lomwe iye zimaonekera chithandizo mfundo.

The ntchito njira luso

Kawirikawiri ndondomeko seeding akuyendera kudzera turbonozha, yomwe imapereka Mkhalidwe mikrovspashku recessing nthaka mapangidwe. Uyu akuchita zolondola yeniyeni mbewu masungidwe andalama. Pankhaniyi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo, mbewu yeniyeni. njira lililonse ankaona turbonozh kuti amachita kudula ndi harrow pansi pa akuya pafupifupi 10 masentimita. Ndipo tisaiwale pano ndi khalidwe lina lofunika la ulimi makina kwa kufesa mwachindunji. Ziyenera kukhala zotheka chimodzimodzi kubwereza monyanyira onse a mpumulo, kulola mapangidwe grooves anakhumba mozama. Ndi chifukwa chake pa yokonza kuthengo "Dziwani-Mpaka" dongosolo n'kofunika kuchita apamwamba mayikidwe. chikhalidwe ichi adzachotsa wanena mu kusanjika mbewu.

Kutsegula zolakwa zoonekeratu turbonozh poyimitsa lokhazikika kwa makina limagwirira masika, amene amalola chida kuonetsetsa nthaka pachilichonse pamene gawo. Palinso zosintha imene tsamba chili ndi kutsegula pa. Kumbali ya ntchito pa pamalo m'goli ndi njira kwambiri, kuyambira m'madera tokhala ndi chibowo zida transmits katundu si chimango, koma lonse coulter kamangidwe, chifukwa cha zimene zimaipitsa mtendere wa njira ya kuika kuya kudula chimbale. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zaulimi kuti ntchito zina zikhazikitsidwe katundu monga chikhulupiriro kudula zatsalira mbewu, kuonetsetsa kudula yosalala ndi kusindikiza zipangizo nthaka nakulitsa mosamalitsa monga kuya chofunika. Kumene, ntchito yangwiro, palibe kumanga si anapereka, koma mukhoza kupeza pafupi kwa iwo, ngati mlingo pasadakhale ndiponso wonena za malo, kumene unit zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Ubwino wa njira

Za njira imeneyi si kunena kuti relieves mlimi ku mavuto ndi ndalama, kulola kuti tizidalira yofanana mbewu, komanso ndalama ntchito mu ntchito za luso chakale kulima. Iye ali wambiri mokoma ake, komanso ambiri makhalidwe abwino, nawonso. Kwenikweni, monga kukhazikitsa dongosolo lino m'njira yabwino timakusonyeza Katswiriyu ntchito, zomwe kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa kuwerengetsera zomveka ntchito nthaka. Koma ubwino, mbali wokongola kwambiri wa sayansi ndi kuchepetsedwa kuchepetsa ndalama zipangizo, nkhuni za izo, komanso kupulumutsa nthawi.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kuteteza makhalidwe chonde dziko. Anati kukokoloka n'koopsa kuti kuchepa nyengo mu zokolola, komanso zikutha m'mayiko mwadongosolo, kuchititsa landlords kukana processing ziwembu zawo. Pankhaniyi Koma mavuto amenewa kuletsedwa, kulola alimi kudalira ntchito m'dziko yaitali. Payokha, akatswiri onani, ndipo kudzikundikira chinyontho m'nthaka. Ngati kulima chikhalidwe dziko bwino matabwa ake, kuteteza wosanjikiza lachonde Amatithandiza kuteteza matenda zinthu chinyezi. ntchito imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa steppe zigawo louma kumene zokolola mwachindunji amadalira nyengo.

zolakwa luso

Choyamba ndi Dziwani zingapo zoletsa kuti musalole kuti ntchito dongosolo mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi zikugwira Mwachitsanzo, dera ndi predominance a m'mayiko lonyowa ndi m'madambo. Circumvent nuance zimenezi kukachitika kuti nthaka kupatsidwa apamwamba dongosolo ngalande. Apa ndi Dziwani yosaloledwa ntchito m'minda m'goli kuti ndi kosathandiza kukonza zolinga zimenezi. Komabe, zinthu zomwezi abwino osati kwa tillage ochiritsira, kusalaza ubwino waukulu wogwidwa ndi luso "kudziwa-Mpaka" mu ntchito lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, nkhawa bwino chinyezi, zomwe zinachitikira mavuto ndi madambo ndi ndege osiyana. Choncho, ntchito ya seeding mwachindunji m'mayiko amenewo chabe kosathandiza.

Komanso, ngakhale ndi phindu mu mawonekedwe a kusamala makhalidwe chonde ziro tillage dongosolo m'malo inefficient mawu a katundu chitetezo nthaka. Nthawi zambiri zinthu izi zikhudza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, amene amathandiza kuchotsa njira yokha wa yogwira chitetezo mankhwala. Mwa zolakwa za No-mpaka chikondwerero ndi kapangidwe kake wachibale kamangidwe. Iye asakumane ndi kuchita ochiritsira makina ntchito, koma zikutipatsa zofunika kutsatira mfundo za kulima chikhalidwe. Ngakhale ntchito ya Katswiriyu sikuti akutsimikizira kuti thandizo ake adzatha bwinobwino kukhazikitsa luso, kupeza yokolola yabwino. Farmer, makamaka, amafuna thandizo moyenera kasinthasintha mbewu, komanso chidziwitso cha mitundu ndi ntchito yeniyeni mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Ndipo ndicho osati kutchula kuganizira makhalidwe m'dera dothi, nyengo, nkhani tizirombo ndi zina zotero. D.

Features wa ntchito luso mu Russia

Kuyendera opanga pa chitukuko cha luso ndi agronomists Canada, Australia ndi Brazil. Nayenso Russia limasonyeza ntchito m'malo modzichepetsa mawu a m'dera limene mukukhala seeding mwachindunji. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa zoweta olimapo si abwino kukhazikitsa njira No-mpaka, ndipo amafunika izo. m'mayiko amenewo kawirikawiri madzi, amene kumawonjezera kufunika kwa funso yosungira chinyontho dongosolo nthaka. Panthawi mu Russia chimakhala chogwidwa ndi njira chakale agronomical kusunga zizindikiro chinyezi, Pakati zasonyezedwa njira ya ulimi wothirira. Koma mphamvu ya njira zosungira mkhalidwe mulingo woyenera nthaka umakhala ndi mavuto agronomists. Reviews kuti ulimi wothirira zikutanthauza kuchita monga makampani sanamuona wosaperewera madzi, koma vutoli angakhoze kuima mu zaka khumi zotsatira kenako kusintha dongosolo latsopano lidzakhala zambiri chopweteka.

Koma mchitidwe wina wa ntchito ziro-dziko luso processing alimi Russian kumeneko. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito njira mapesi kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka ndi ntchito njira yapadera pamene seeding. Makamaka zovuta agro-luso amatipatsa lotayako wosuta, chisel ndi ndege, chimene kwenikweni ndi cholinga chofanana monga turbonozhi lapansi. Phunziroli ntchito njira ziro-tillage ndi kuthekera zachuma. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa eni malo aakulu, zomwe ziri zofunika kwa kulima chikhalidwe ndalama yaikulu mu makina ndi yokonza ake.

Pomaliza

Kumene, muyezo waukulu kusankha dongosolo la ulimi zotsatira. Pankhaniyi, zokolola ndi makhalidwe ake apamwamba. Khalani limasonyeza kuti masiku ano ulimi dongosolo mu mawonekedwe a No-mpaka luso agonjera ku chitsanzo bwino za kulima. Komabe, ochiritsira kulima ndi yaikulu fetereza yobala zipatso, kumene mpaka alimi ochepa kupereka. Koma mothamanga yaitali waphindu ndi opindulitsa njira yokumba m'dziko akadali dongosolo ziro. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zaka zambiri za tanthauzo lake mu Canada, Australia ndi mayiko ena, zimene zatenga malo oyamba mu masanjidwe wa ulimi. Komano, kuwunika mphamvu ya njira ayenera poyamba kuonanso bwino zikuchokera nthaka. Kuyesa kusintha kwa luso latsopano pa chiopsezo pang'ono, ndipo akatswiri maphunziro ndi ntchito zida apadera ndi okwera mtengo, ngakhale, ndi kuthamanga kamodzi.