The chosema "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman". Mlembi wa chipilala cha

Mu 2014, nambala 125 lokumbukira kubadwa kwa kwambiri Soviet ziboliboli Vera Mukhina. dzina lake amadziwika kwa munthu aliyense wokhala mu Soviet Union, chifukwa inextricably zogwirizana ntchito yaikulu ya chithunzicho - zikuchokera sculptural "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman".

Wambiri ya Vera Mukhina

Ignatyevna anabadwa mu 1889 m'banja lolemera ogulitsa. Iye anataya makolo ake oyambirira kwambiri ndipo anakula akuwalera. Ndi chikhulupiriro ubwana ankasiyana khama komanso opirira. chilakolako ake kwa kupenta zinasintha pang'onopang'ono mu luso, amene anakaphunzira kwa zaka ziwiri mu Paris ku Academy Grand Chaumiere. Mphunzitsi mkazi anali wotchuka ziboliboli Bourdelle. Ndiye Mukhina anasamukira ku Italy, kumene anaphunzitsidwa kupenta ndi chosema wa nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Pa First World nkhondo, Mukhina ntchito monga nesi kuchipatala. Palinso zinachitika msonkhano wake woyamba ndi dokotala Alekseem Andreevichem ndi Castle, amene anali kukwatiwa mwamsanga. Non-proletarian chiyambi mabanja zambiri zingawononge moyo wa anthu ake. Kuuluka mbali kusintha chosintha wa dziko umaonekera ziboliboli ndi. Kuwuluka Zimphona mphamvu osiyana ndi mphamvu.

Ignatyevna zambiri ndi ntchito mwakhama moyo wake wonse. Popeza mwamuna wake anamwalira mu 1942, iye chisoni imfa. Salimbikitsa Mtima Ntchentche amaloledwa kukhala zaka zoposa khumi atachoka mwamuna wake. Mu 1953, iye anafa, pokhala mayi wachikulire - anali ndi zaka 64.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Pa moyo wao yowala ndi wolemera Vera Mukhina analenga ambiri ndithu mwaluso kuphatikizapo zojambula, ziboliboli, glassware. Mwatsoka, ambiri a ntchito akhala osadziwika osiyanasiyana admirers wa luntha lake. Main chilengedwe Mukhina moyo, anamuyamikira kwa zaka zambiri - ndi chosema "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman". Ignatyevna anamutcha salimo "Antchito ndi m'mphawi". Mu Great Soviet Encyclopedia ziboliboli chilengedwe akudziwikanso monga "muyeso wa Kuzindikira zokomera."

Mu 1936, boma la Soviet analandira kuchokera France kuitanidwa kutenga nawo mbali mu Paris World Chiwonetsero. Mutu boma la zikuluzikulu chochitika, "Art ndi luso mu masiku moyo."

Soviet Union linali lofunika kwambiri osati kutenga nawo mbali pa chionetserocho, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse, dziko anafunika kupambana mpikisano pa mtengo uliwonse. dziko anaima pa zobvuta ya nkhondo yachiwiri, ndi mpikisano mu munda mwa zinthu luso mu mfundo kutanthauza lolimba nkhondo ziwiri dziko ndale. Mpikisano waukulu wa USSR kwa Championship anali Italy ndi Germany.

Kuthana malingaliro chosema "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman"

Soviet ntchito boma sanali kokha kulenga yaikulu sayansi ndi mapulani kamangidwe, komanso munjira ina iliyonse kutsindika lathu maganizo. Malinga ndi chionetsero yaitali ndi mayiko thandizo ayenera akatunge malamulo a pavilions awo kalembedwe dziko. Asilikali Union anafuna kusonyeza dziko chapamwamba mwa dongosolo dziko zachuma.

Mu mpikisano analengeza kwa kamangidwe ka hema panafika mapulani ambiri otchuka ndi lolemekezeka la nthawi. Boris anapambana lofan, kulenga ntchito kalembedwe chakale, chigawo chapakati cha amene anagonjetsedwa ndi chosema lapansi. High Commission anavomereza maganizo ambiri, koma anakana chipilala. Pasanapite nthawi mpikisano, amene anagonjetsa Vera Mukhina unachitikira.

Mlembi wa chipilala "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" analanda ndingaliro ya ntchito sikelo sculptural awiriwa ndiye kuunika, ndipo umalimbana patsogolo. Zambiri mbali ya chipilala cha ngwazi za anthu chidwi pa unyamata wake ndi uzimu, ndiponso kusangalala mpango limaimira gulu mofulumira kwa m'tsogolo. Anakwera pa mutu wa nyundo ndi chikwakwa limaimira umodzi wa antchito ndi alimi losonkhanitsidwa.

Anaima pa ntchito yomanga chipilala cha - mavuto ndiponso achita

Tsopano inali mofulumira kulenga dongosolo kukula wake weniweni. The chosema "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" ndi cholinga cha wolemba anali chiphona kutalika - mamita 25. Kugwira ntchito yaikulu anapatsidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Large kukula kwa chipilala zinali zoti akazipereke osati kukopa chidwi cha mtengo iye anali kuwala pa Paris. Monga maziko yomanga chosema anayang'ana pa mkuwa kapena mkuwa. zitsulo izi yodziwika ndi yodalirika ndi maganizo mfulu. Koma iwo sanali kupereka cheza anakonza, chifukwa kuwala imatsala. Choncho ziboliboli chipilala "Safety ndi Kolhoz" Vera Muhina anaganiza kuimika chipilala cha chikumbutso cha pepala zosapanga dzimbiri.

Choyamba, akugogoda pamodzi kupanga zikuchokera midadada nkhuni ankachita padziko ukalipentala zipangizo ndi akwaniritsa ndi smoothness kwambiri. Pamenepo adayika pamwamba pa zapansi matabwa thinnest mapepala zitsulo, amene makulidwe si upambana ndi millimeter. Chipolopolo zitsulo akubwereza nkhungu matabwa. Kuchokera mkati zitsulo zithunzi kugwirana pamodzi ndi njira ya welds.

Kusankha komiti, lotsogoledwa ndi atsogoleri Soviet anavomereza yomalizidwa chipilala. Yotsatira gawo zikuchokera "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" anayenera kupita ku Paris. Chifukwa chomasuka zoyendera chipilala unagawidwa zidutswa makumi asanu mphambu zisanu ndi kumizidwa mu m'sitima. Kulemera okwana yomanga anali matani 75, amene matani 12 okha chinaperekedwa kwa casing zitsulo. Zoyendera wa chipilala, zida ndi zipangizo hoisting atatu khumi katundu magalimoto ankagwira.

Mokalipa ndemanga Paris

Mu ophimba zasinthira, panalibe kuvulala. Pa ntchito yoika msanga inathetsedwa zolakwika, koma ndithu pa nthawi yoikidwiratu, May 25, 1937, chipilala "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" linayamba kuwala mu Paris kumwamba. Kukondwera Paris ndi aziwonetsero panalibe malire.

Zitsulo zikuchokera chidwi kwambiri kukongola ndi ulemerero, shimmering ku dzuwa ndi mitundu yonse ya mitundu. The Tower Eiffel ili pafupi yomweyo ya chosema Soviet, anataya ukulu wake ndi pempho.

Soviet chipilala anali kupereka golide Mendulo - Grand Prix. Zotsatira zimatheka akhoza kunyadira Vera Mukhina - wodzichepetsa ndi luso Soviet ziboliboli. "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" kamodzi anagula mu maso a udindo dziko la chizindikiro Soviet boma.

Kumapeto chionetserocho, kuimira Soviet ndinaitanidwa pambali French kugulitsa ziboliboli ndi. Utsogoleri wa USSR, kumene anakana.

Kodi kukhazikitsa wotchuka Soviet chipilala

The sculptural gulu "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" bwinobwino anabwerera kwawo ndipo posakhalitsa anaika pa malo awo mpaka kalekale okhala - kutsogolo kwa mmodzi wa khomo ndi Center Exhibition (chionetsero cha zipambano Economic). Today m'dera wa VVC (Onse Russian Exhibition Center), m'modzi mwa ambiri anapita ndi anthu ambiri ndi alendo a Moscow malo.

Mlembi wa chipilala "wantchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Woman" Vera Mukhina sangasangalale unsembe malo. Ndi kutalika kwa chosema anali m'munsi chifukwa chakuti pedestal anali katatu yafupika kukula. Vera Ignatyevna yaitali ngati dera mivi Moscow mtsinje, kumene tsopano paima Peter Tsereteli ntchito choyamba. Iye anakonza n'kumaona nsanja pa Mpheta Hills. Komabe, maganizo ake anali samvera

"Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" - chizindikiro otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse m'nthawi ya Soviet Union

Popeza Paris chionetsero cha chosema wakhala mbali dziko la boma la Soviet, chitidwe padziko lonse lapansi mu mawonekedwe a masitampa, mapositi khadi, ndalama chamadzulo, Albums ndi zokoperazo. Image chipilala wotchuka anaonekera mu mawonekedwe a alendo ambiri ndi kutchuka kwake anatchuka mofanana okha matryoshka Russian. Ndipo kuyambira 1947 filimu situdiyo "Mosfilm" anamugwiritsa ntchito cutscenes zake zotchuka chosema "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" ndipo motero kukhazikitsa wokha ngati chizindikiro cha dziko la Soviet.

Vera Mukhina - ndi anazindikira mwini zilandiridwenso sculptural

Amayamikira kuti boma la Soviet kupereka wa Stalin Prize Vera Mukhina. Komanso, panali angapo mphoto ndi ubwino a boma, amene anatchuka wamkazi ziboliboli. "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" kunapangitsa Mukhina ndi ufulu wonse ntchito yolenga. Koma, mwatsoka ana a ziboliboli lodziwika bwino amakhalabe kukumbukira kokha ngati wolemba wa chipilala yekha.

Mu owonetsera zakale Vera Mukhina, yomwe ili m'munsi mwa pedestal wa chosema wotchuka, ndi ya zithunzi zopelekedwa, newsreels, kusonyeza kuti Ignatyevna zambiri kuberekana ntchito. Iye analemba cithunzithunzi, olengedwa ntchito sculptural ndi zikuchokera galasi. Mu zili m'nyumbayi kwambiri chitsanzo choyambirira cha chipilala, amene sanathe kubweretsa moyo wotchuka wamkazi ziboliboli. "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" - si chipilala yekha ntchito Mukhina mu Moscow.

Vera Mukhina zolengedwa zina

Manja a mlengi luso anamangidwira chipilala kuti Tchaikovsky, inali kutsogolo kwa Moscow Conservatory, ndi Maksimu Gorkomu pa Belorussky Railway Station. Mlembi wa sculptural zikuchokera "Science", "mkate", "chonde."

Vera Mukhina anatenga mbali mu ntchito za magulu sculptural ili pa Moskva mlatho. M'ntchito zake Ignatyevna mphoto mobwerezabwereza linapereka boma, wapamwamba mphoto Soviet wakhala osankhidwa membala wa Presidium wa USSR Academy of Tirhana.

Pamodzi ndi ntchito ya Vera Mukhina kuchita zinthu kuphunzitsa. Kenako iye anadzakhala mwakhama ntchito chomera Leningrad, kupanga zikuchokera galasi ndi dongo monga wolemba. "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" kwa zaka zambiri atayima panja analandira zinawonongeka kwambiri.

Kubadwanso kwa chipilala ndi

Mu 2003 anaganiza angakwanitse chosema wotchuka. The chipilala anawachotsa ndiponso chifukwa lagawidwa zidutswa ambiri. Kubwezeretsa kanthu inatenga zaka sikisi. Lamkati chimango dongosolo walimba, ndi zitsulo nkhanza anayeretsa zosafunika ndi kukonzedwa mankhwala oteteza, imafika moyo wa chipilala cha. Kusinthidwa chosema anaikidwa pa mkulu pedestal latsopano mu December 2009. Tsopano, chipilala anakhala kawiri kuposa kale.

Masiku ano, chipilala "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman" - si chizindikiro m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, komanso chilengedwe ochuluka a wolemba luso la Vera Mukhina, anazindikira lonse. The chipilala kumadziŵikitsa Moscow chosaiwalika, amene anapita chaka ambirimbiri alendo ochokera lonse.