The Valdai National Park: Kufotokozera

dziko Russian wolemera malo okongola ndi malo apadera. Mwina, ndi moyo sikokwanira kuona maso awo. Nyanja-nkhalango zovuta za Valdai Hills wopulumutsidwa chifukwa chakuti pa mapeto a Valdai National Park unapangidwa bungwe pofika m'zaka za m'ma XX pano.

nkhani

Kodi ndi wapadera m'dera lino? Pali chiwerengero chachikulu misewu chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale wa dera Novgorod. Kale, mafuko Asilavo ankakhala m'dera la paki. chiwerengero cha akatswiri a zinthu zakale zimene zasungidwa m'dera limeneli ndi zodabwitsa chabe - makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu ziwiri za chinthu! Izi Pamudzi ndi manda n'chodabwitsa, mapiri ndi m'midzi, komanso malo wakale zokhudzana ndi 7-6 zaka BC.

Munda luso ukufanizidwa ndi zipilala naini - manors wakale ndi m'mapaki. Mukhoza wonaninso 22 wapadera chipilala a zomangamanga matabwa a zaka 17-19. The wamanga chachikulu cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Na Lions analenga m'dera la Catherine Church. Lero m'nyumba ya Museum of History of Valdai. Selvitsky Island Nyanja Valdai kuchokera 1653 ndi kunyumba Svyatoozerskaya Iver Amayi a Mulungu obisika.

Akukumbukira Valdai National Park ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri mbiri. mtanda Ignach ili pafupi Yazhelbitsy. Ndi apa kuti Batu anatembenuka asilikali ake, asanafike Novgorod.

Geography ndi kufotokozera

paki lili m'dera la Demyansk, Okulovskaya ndi Valdai dera la dera Novgorod. m'dera kuti ali - zoposera zikwi makilomita lalikulu (yeniyeni - 1585).

The Valdai National Park ali biospheric kwambiri ndi kufunika zachilengedwe. mitunda Nyanja m'nkhalango ndi okulira waukulu Europe, amene anapanga chifukwa glaciation chokhala, chifukwa izo ndiotetezedwa. Ice mapiri moraine zimachititsa chilumbachi zikufotokozedwa mu ulemerero wake onse. The mtunda zikuoneka kuti mapiri, ndi onse chifukwa chakuti apa pali kusiyana kwambiri okwera pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pamwamba. Complementing chithunzi cha zigwa ozungulira, amene yekha timapitiriza zotsatira.

Valdai Hills ndi mbali ya yaikulu nyanja-mapiri m'dera - Nyanja District. mbali zonsezi n'komwe mu kamangidwe ka chinthu monga Valdai National Park. Kufotokozera iye chingakhale chosakwanira ngati inu satchula kuti akuthamanga ngati riboni pamodzi olamulira chachikulu pa phiri motsatizana 100 Km from kumpoto kwa kum'mwera. Pankhaniyi, kumaphatikizapo lalikulu nyanja gulu, yolanda kumpoto cha Nyanja Seliger, komanso pafupifupi 200 Madamu yaing'ono. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - Nyanja Valdai, pachilumbachi amene kale amatchedwa obisika, ndipo Vella ndi Borovno (iwo kudzitama magombe kwabasi ndi yaikulu Pleso).

Zoni wapadera ali pafupifupi kotala ya m'dera la paki Valdai. Ndi apa, pa mtsinje Polomet Mtsinje, maphunziro njira njira. anapeza kuimira chopereka kwambiri kuti pakhale asayansi Russian mu ndizosowa zachilengedwe ndi sayansi madzi.

Flora

zomera olemera ali Valdai National Park. m'gawo lake angatchedwe m'madera pakuleka a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. zomera apamwamba ali pano mitundu 750. Koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti pali chosowa mitundu - ndi 79! Pakati pawo imasonyeza ina maluwa, komanso oimira zomera, ndi locus amene - glacial nyanja. Khumi zomera kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia.

mahekitala zikwi khumi ndi zisanu zaperekedwa kwa m'tchire. The zomera imakhala zosiyanasiyana nkhalango: spruce, paini ndi birch. Kumpoto m'nkhalango thundu ndi phulusa, otuwira, udzu Nthawi zina zimachitika. Mu nkhalango allocated peresenti 86 pamalo onsewo. Iwo ananena kuti zomera zake awa akuimira mitundu 57, limene chikhalidwe - 15, ndi chilombo - 42.

zomera

Valdai National Park (Russia) anakhala malo kwa mitundu 45 ya nsomba, 180 mitundu ya mbalame ndi mitundu 50 ya nyama. Mitundu imeneyi 32 mbalame - kusamukira ena chisa yomweyo. Ambiri a iwo ndi zochepa kapena osowa:

- Bittern;

- Common Merganser;

- curlew;

- imvi Kireni;

- imvi chimeza.

Komanso, Russian Red Book m'gulu mphungu, njoka mphungu, mphungu kadzidzi, wakuda dokowe ndi ena.

Ngati ife kulankhula za nyama zimene zili dziko, maziko awo ndi chimbalangondo, akatumbu, marten, nkhandwe, amphaka, Boar zakutchire, mbawala, kalulu ndi nyama ndimagwiritsa ntchito moyo wake mu madzi: otter, mtsinje otter, madzi vole, mink. Ambiri osiyana mitundu ya abakha. Pa gawo lonse la Valdai paki anthu mimbulu. Amatunga wolemera nsomba: carp, whitefish, Pike, burbot, bream, Pike-nsomba, nsomba, roach, ruff, etc. Total okhala madzi apa pali 40 mitundu, kuphatikizapo osowa: mtsinje mumapezeka nsomba, mtsinje lamprey, bullhead ndi Grayling European.

nyengo

The ina imene Valdai National Park amakhala ndi kuzizira. zinthu izi zimakhudza zabwino zosiyanasiyana zomera ndi nyama wazolengedwa.

Wapakati kutentha kwa mwezi kunkafika pachimake madigiri -10 Celsius, ndi otchulidwa - +16. pachaka - 3 madigiri Celsius. Chipale chimakwirira m'dera Valdaisky paki kwa masiku 140, kutalika pachikuto pake angafikire 45 masentimita The nthawi osazizira -. Masiku 128.

"Valdai" kusintha mwamsanga nyengo amakhala ndi malo osungirako. The Valdai (Russian) The kaŵirikaŵiri anati kum'mwera, kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo mphepo.

zokopa alendo

Kuti tifike paki zosavuta kuchokera m'mizinda ikuluikulu Russian - St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. N'chifukwa chake zili m'gulu la mndandanda wa anafika kwambiri. The Valdai National Park - malo a misonkhano alendo, apa ndi misasa ya ana, etc.

zinthu zodabwitsa zinalengedwa alendo. Iwo nthawizonse kuyembekezera nyumba zambiri alendo. Aliyense malo 80 alendo akhoza kumakhalamo anthu anayi pa zana. Pakuti mayiko alendo - osachepera ya mipando nkhalango monga matebulo ndi canopies. Komanso anapereka zinyalala bins, zimbudzi ndi danga la poyatsira moto. Nthaŵi iliyonse malo amenewa, mungapeze ndi kuima zambiri, kumene maadiresi kulankhulana ndi malamulo a khalidwe pabwalopo.