Tizilombo ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka - zaka zosiyana ... ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka ku maganizo

Tiyeni n'kuyesayesa zimene tingachite zaka kwachilengedwenso ndi kuchuluka. Aliyense mfundo izi mu ndondomeko ya anazindikira kuti m'goli mapangidwe, kukula ndi okalamba. Chodabwitsa m'goli kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa zaka kuchuluka kwa zaka maganizo.

Lingaliro la zaka kwachilengedwenso

Age - kutalika nthawi ya kubadwa kwa munthu ndi nthawi ina iliyonse. Munthu aliyense kuti ali mlingo umadalira pa zosiyanasiyana zinthu chikhalidwe ndi maganizo. zaka anatomical ndi thupi imatengedwa, amene anatsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa structural, kagayidwe kachakudya, zolimbana, njira thupi. Mwina amasiyana kalendala moyo.

payekha anthu

Kuchuluka kwa zaka - ndi nthawi maonekedwe a munthu wobadwa kwa munthu wina kuwerengetsa nthawi.

Tizilombo ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka zambiri sizigwirizana, kuyambira munthu aliyense ali ndi zinthu zina zokhudza munthu, mlingo wosiyana wa kukalamba kachitidwe thupi, liwiro ukalamba.

zaka mumve - uwu si muyezo kwa kusanthula zonse wolumala ndi thanzi la munthu okalamba. Ndi mlingo wa mapangidwe nyumba morphological amene kupatutsa munthu zimatheka.

zaka Tizilombo amadziwika mlingo wa chitukuko. kusiyana munthu mu njira ya kukula ndi chitukuko akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kwa pazipita mlingo kuchuluka chimango noticeable zaka watha msinkhu. Pa nthawi iyi pali kwambiri zokhudza thupi ndi morphological rearrangement m'thupi la munthu.

Zikamera akuti

Ambiri mwa ana kuchuluka kwa zaka ndi zaka maganizo ndinu yemweyo, koma sikuti kuchitika. Pali anthu achinyamata amene akhala kwambiri patsogolo kuchuluka kwa zaka pakuleka. akuti uwu unachokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka 30-40 Mu zaka zapitazo. Pakati pa asayansi Russian amene akhala akuphunzira vutoli anali PN Sokolov.

Iye anali wokhoza kupereka tanthauzo la zaka kuchuluka, komanso kukhala tebulo wapadera wa makhalidwe zaka nkhani zizindikiro mwamphamvu. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, izo inalemba nkhani zokhudzana ndi zaka kwachilengedwenso. Vuto limeneli chinsinsi kudziwa zotsatira za nthawi kusintha kwa thupi pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko, ogwirizana ontogeny.

Kaperekedwe kakulidwe

Pa ndondomeko allometric ndi chitukuko cha ziwalo ndi ziwalo akanagwiritsa kwa wina ndi mzake. Chifukwa mitengo zosiyanasiyana za kukula pali kusintha mu kufanana thupi. Pali zinthu wamba ndi makhalidwe a ontogenetic chitukuko cha munthu;

• kupitiriza;
• irreversibility;
• cyclicality;
• dimorphism kugonana.

Kufotokoza patsogolo kuchuluka kwa zaka maganizo zaka, taganizirani mawu awa mwatsatanetsatane.

Kupitiriza kukula kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi ziwalo za thupi la munthu mu nthawi inayake imeneyi, izo ikuchitika mu mawonekedwe yochepa. The chamoyo ndi lotseguka zamoyo, kukhala moyo wake wonse.

Irreversibility ndi pang'onopang'ono kukula zikutanthauza masitepe magawano ndondomeko kapena nthawi. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo akusowa, kubwerera kwa izo sizingatheke.

Cyclicity amagwirizana ndi nyengo pa chaka, kusintha tsiku mu chikhalidwe thupi. Kudziwa zinthu exogenous ndipo amkati kumafuna kutsegula ya chiletso kapena kukula mchikakamizo cha osiyanasiyana yaikulu zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

dimorphism kugonana ndi mbali yowala mapangidwe anthu. Zimenezi zimaoneka amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana magawo onse a ontogeny. "Kugonana Chinthu" n'kofunika ofufuza zonse yerekezerani amuna ndi akazi mwa kupenda mfundo zaka kuchuluka.

Mwa makhalidwe zazikulu, zimene ankaona asayansi chidwi payekha ontogeny kutayikira. Mphamvu ya chitukuko cha anthu onse ndi osiyana, kotero ife tikhoza kulankhula kokha za kufanana, ngati si onse patsogolo kuchuluka kwa zaka maganizo zaka kukhwima.

Yosayambitsa kwa chizindikiritso cha zaka kwachilengedwenso

Ngati zaka kuchuluka anatsimikiza ndi deta pasipoti, ndiye ntchito mitundu akhoza kuwunika munthu alili zaka. zofufuza anali anachita malinga ndi muyezo wa:

• kukhwima, ayesedwa pamaziko a mapangidwe makhalidwe sekondale kugonana;
• chigoba kukhwima zokhudzana ndi mlingo wa ossification a mafupa ndi;
• mano kukhwima, kusanthula pa avale wa mano, chiwerengero cha mano okhazikika ndi deciduous.

Morphological kukhwima ndi wapezeka pamaziko a mapangidwe kupirira, dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa, ndi mgwirizano kayendedwe. kuwerengetsa ake a akatswiri kupereka pa maziko a kusintha kufanana thupi komwe kumachitika nthawi kukula khosi wodekha ndi mutu pa mapangidwe inapita wa miyendo.

kuwunika Features

Zizindikiro zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito amayang'anitsitsa zaka zamoyo munthu ayenera kutsatira mndandanda yeniyeni zofunika. Mu malo oyamba, iwo ayenera kusonyeza makamaka obwera ndi ukalamba kusintha, zoyezeka mwina nkhani. Madutsidwe miyezo sayenera kusokoneza thanzi la phunziro, kuti maganizo abwino ndiponso yopweteka kwambiri.

Yankho ziyenera a zaka kwachilengedwenso ayenera kukhala oyenera kuphunzira nambala pazipita anthu.

Limatchula za kuwunika

Mu auxology ntchito njira zosiyana zaka zamoyo zomwe kwathunthu kukwaniritsa zofunika zonse. Kuwonjezera mano, zaka fupa akuti chitukuko cha kugonana, thupi ndi morphological kukhwima maganizo ndi zizindikiro maganizo.

Unamwali yangosanthulidwa pamaziko a mlingo wa chitukuko cha makhalidwe kugonana: ndi kusintha mawu, isanayambike kuzungulira kusamba, chitukuko cha zopangitsa za mammary, maonekedwe a tsitsi m'khwapa lapansi.

Pamene kupenda zaka zamoyo zizindikiro kukhwima ntchito zikusonyeza ndi machitidwe zenizeni zokhudza thupi la thupi.

Pakhala akuyesetsa kuti akachite zinthu ziyenera pa maziko a kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba wa microstructures ziwalo munthu, koma iwo sanapereke chifukwa positive.

Kuchuluka kwa zaka za munthu kumatsutsana nthawi zambiri ndi makhalidwe ake kwachilengedwenso. Kuonanso zaka zamoyo tikayerekezera zizindikiro zina za anthu ankaphunzira ndi miyezo ambiri amavomereza zocitikazo mtundu, jenda, msinkhu.

Features wa kafukufuku wamakono

Kufufuza zotsatira anali wangwiro ndi zolondola ofufuza ntchito zizindikiro zosiyana. Ngati zaka kuchuluka - ndi "pasipoti" chizindikiro, makhalidwe kwachilengedwenso nthawi zambiri anafotokoza kuti zaka chitukuko. Ndi chinyezimiro cha mayendedwe a chitukuko munthu, kukula, mapangidwe, kukalamba munthu chamoyo.

Osiyana anthu amaona chitukuko ndi kukula mitengo pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana ontogeny zingasiyane mwakuthupi. Choncho ngati gulu la atsikana zaka kuchuluka - ndi zaka khumi, ndiye mu mapangidwe zamoyo pafupifupi theka la anthu ndi kupatuka chachikulu (m'munsi) mbali.

Malinga kulakwika pakati pa zaka za chilengedwe komanso kuchuluka, tikhoza kuwunika mphamvu ya ukalamba, makhalidwe zinchito wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo pazipita zaka mosinthana anazipeza azaka zoposa.

Kuwonjezera chibadwa, zaka kwachilengedwenso zimadalira khalidwe, zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi akufotokozera anthu. Iye amadziwa kuti kusintha kunja pathological zimene zimakhudza thupi.

Anthu amene ali chimodzimodzi kuchuluka kwa zaka mu theka lachiwiri la moyo wake kusiyana kwambiri udindo morphological ndi zinchito. Anthu amene ali ndi mbiri banja bwino kwambiri pamodzi ndi moyo yabwino, kuyang'ana wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa deta pasipoti.

Mwa maonekedwe chachikulu cha kukalamba zaka kwachilengedwenso wodzipatula kuyan'anila za ntchito zofunika zofunika, komanso kuchepetsa ya anatengera uthunthu, maonekedwe a matenda, kuchuluka chiopsezo cha imfa, kuchepetsa nthawi ya moyo otsala.

Njira ziyenera a zaka kwachilengedwenso

Mawu amenewa chifukwa chakuti m'badwo kuchuluka si zonse muyeso chilema ndi udindo thanzi la anthu okalamba. Ngakhale anzake anapeza kusiyana noticeable mu mlingo wa kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba. zaka Tizilombo akhoza usefully kuti amayezedwa anthu amene ali pa zaka makumi atatu. The ziyenera a chizindikiro zimenezi n'zofunika kwa ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu, madokotala, amalola matenda matenda osiyanasiyana, kuchita miyeso umoyo-ukhondo, kufunafuna njira kutalikitsa yogwira ukalamba.

Ngati zaka kwachilengedwenso kumbuyo index kuchuluka, yembekezerani moyo wathunthu, koma kukalamba msanga, mwatsoka, anthu kale kwambiri kuwasamalira zina ndi chidwi.

Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa wotchi kwachilengedwenso ndi kalendala amachititsa msanga khungu ukalamba Zikuoneka imvi, makwinya ambiri anapanga. Ngakhale ntchito khola la ubongo ndi minofu mtima maonekedwe a munthu amapereka chikhalidwe chake.

Kuonanso zaka kwachilengedwenso wochita mokwanira ndi mabuku zachipatala ndi anthropological mosamala mtima.

Akatswiri ofufuza ndi luso

Mayesero anaikira maphunziro outpatient monga kuganizira kukula, circumference pachifuwa, kulemera, phewa awiri skinfold makulidwe.

Komanso, monga kusanthula magawo zinchito za machitidwe ndi ziwalo monga mlingo kupuma, kuthamanga wolumikizira, akulu mphamvu maburashi, zithunzi acuity, ECG, kugwedera tilinazo, udindo kukumbukira, psychomotor.

Tikaona maphunziro zasayansi kudziwa zaka zamoyo munthu, sankhani umagwirira magazi, ndipo urinalysis.

Pa nthawi iyi pali okwanira mayesero ngati amenewa, omwe ali maudindo ndi zolinga.

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti chifukwa zatsopano ayenera kuganizira i morphological, popanda kutenga nkhani zizindikiro maganizo zokhudzana ndi ntchito ntchito, thanzi, anatengera chikhalidwe. Zimenezi si cholinga, kuyambira akufotokozereni yekha kuti kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba zimene zimachitika pa mlingo maselo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera madokotala kuchititsa mtima wa zaka kwachilengedwenso akuluakulu. Yosanthula boma la dongosolo mouzirira, psyche, ziwalo nzeru, dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa, amati chiwerengero cha mano wathanzi.

Pomaliza

Tionenso pasipoti ndi zaka kwachilengedwenso n'kofunika kuganizira makhalidwe munthu, jenda, fuko chikoka cha zinthu chikhalidwe. Psychophysiological kukhwima anatsimikiza ndi mayesero Kern Jirásek. Iwo amasintha mu kufanana thupi, khosi liwiro kukula, mofulumira kukula kwa nthambi.

Chigoba kukhwima amati ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri pa zaka kwachilengedwenso kwa magawo onse a ontogeny. Pamene kukula fupa zimasintha khalidwe, amene angathe analanda X-ray.

zizindikiro Chitsanzo cha kusintha zaka zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe a mtima wa ossification ndi mapangidwe stenoses. Ndi chifukwa zolozerazi adzaweruzidwa pa dziko la thupi.

Kuti dongosolo chigoba ntchito kuzindikira zaka zamoyo munthu pa ontogeny postnatal. Ndi ukalamba akubwera osteosclerosis, kufooka kwa mafupa, deformities angapo olowa. Monga njira ochiritsira wa kudziwika zaka kwachilengedwenso ndi mano ntchito kukhwima. Pamene kuyerekeza deta zokhudza munthu winawake, ndi miyezo wasenza pasadakhale, kulandira zotsatira zina. Kumene, pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa pasipoti ndi zaka kwachilengedwenso Mwachitsanzo, anthu a kudzinenera kulenga: ojambula zithunzi, aphunzitsi, ndi amisiri. anthu awa kukhala ndi mphamvu wautali kuposa zachuma ndi zachuma.