Valproic asidi: malangizo ntchito, analogs ndi ndemanga

Valproic asidi (sodium wochuluka valproate) anali m'gulu watsopano wa anticonvulsants, kusiyana anthu ntchito kale antiepileptics onse dongosolo mankhwala ndi mfundo ya opaleshoni.

ikulongosola za thunthu

mankhwala uyu anali apanga mu 1882, mu analogue valeric asidi Dr. W. Barton. Amakhala ndi magulu 2 odulidwa. Kwa zaka zambiri, valproic asidi ntchito kokha zasayansi monga zosungunulira inert mankhwala osiyanasiyana organic. Protivosudorzhnye katundu wake anapeza mwa fluke a.

Valproic asidi ndi madzi ndi mandala firiji. Choncho amatha yatikhudza ndi m'munsi monga hydroxide ndi sodium kapena mankhwala enaake a valproate kupanga mchere umene ndi chinthu cholimba. Nkhanizi zoona, ali ndi asidi 2-propylvaleric ndi mchere ake ndi sodium. Mosiyana antiepileptics ena, chikuyimira asafe-free pawiri. Limagwirira kanthu asidi ili ndi mchere ake, anagwirizana ndi chikoka enieni a kagayidwe asidi Popanga madzi a gamma-aminobutyric, ndi woletsa wa transferase enzyme.

Formulations amene wapangidwa ndi asidi valproic, ndipo anatsitsanso convulsive anachita galimoto m'madera excitatory ubongo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chinthu kumawonjezera zili asidi Popanga madzi a gamma-aminobutyric mu nyumba mantha dongosolo. Valproic asidi, amene amasonyeza mlingo wa nchito zake anticonvulsant mankhwalawa zinthu zokhudzana ndi gulu la zidulo mafuta.

Makhalidwe asidi valproic, analogues ake

Valproic asidi, amene amafotokoza malangizo zotsatira zake zovuta pa anthu, amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayina osiyanasiyana. The mankhwala odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo mankhwala kuti ndi "Depakine," "Konvuleks", "Konvulsofin", "Orfilin", "Deprakin", "epilation", "Everiden", "Enkorat", "Apilepsin", "valparin XP "," Dipromal ". The yomalizidwa mitundu mlingo kungakhale mu mawonekedwe a asidi kapena ndi sodium ake mchere, lotchedwa valproate ndi sodium. Ntchito ya mankhwala si yafupika. Valproic asidi, analogues wa zimene tatchulazi, anatengedwa pakamwa yomweyo pambuyo chakudya. mankhwala onse okhala izo, mwamsanga odzipereka. Patangopita maola 2 asidi pamaoneka plasma. Ndi bwino likulowerera napyola zotchinga minofu. kuda yotsalira ya thunthu anatsimikiza mu madzimadzi cerebrospinal ndi zina zambiri chilengedwe mkati. Ake wapezeka mu madzimadzi amniotic (amniotic madzimadzi) mu amayi apakati.

Mfundo ntchito

Kodi amachita valproic asidi? Malangizo kwa mankhwala sapereka yankho lachindunji pa funso la chimene ali limagwirira cha zochita zake achire. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti akatswiri zisanathe kufufuza imakhudzira kusintha katundu ndi sodium njira. Pankhaniyi, asidi valproic ali m'gulu mndandanda wa mankhwala ofunika ndi zofunika kwa anthu.

Miyoyo ya anthu

Sikuti ntchito valproic asidi khunyu. kugwiritsa ntchito bukuli mankhwala Izi zikusonyeza kuti ali ndi anticonvulsant kwenikweni. Bwino maganizo ndi maganizo a munthu. Akatswiri amanena zokhudza kukhala mbali asidi tranquilizing. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena a mtundu umenewu, amachepetsa nkhawa, popanda kuchititsa mioleraksantnogo kapena sedation. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito yake pa Kakhungu postsynaptic. Choncho kuletsedwa mitsempha mopupuluma kufala njira.

Likamanena ka khunyu nthawi zambiri okha kutenga valproic asidi kapena mmodzi wa analogs ake. Zikavuta kwambiri mankhwala ali pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena antiepileptic.

Valproic asidi khunyu

Zinthu zimenezi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za khunyu. Choncho phwando ake zachokera anakhazikitsa dokotala chitsanzo. Valproic asidi, malangizo ntchito zimene zikusonyeza nchito zake pa zosiyanasiyana za matenda, ntchito zina pa mlingo wosiyana. Komanso, nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa, ndi khunyu focal.

Ntchito mankhwala

Valproic asidi, malangizo amene poika mankhwala amafuna dokotala anu ndi mosamalitsa ndondomeko regimens mankhwala, ntchito Zikatero:

• kupewa mavuto osiyanasiyana mu khunyu;

• zinthu convulsive Chobwera mu zina matenda a CNS;

• pamaso pa wokonda wamanjenje;

• matenda wosangalala monyanyira kuvutika, si amenable kuti ndi mankhwala okhala lifiyamu;

• zinthu convulsive wochokera ku ubwana.

Valproic acid ndi formulations munali izo, ayenera yekha olamulidwa ndi dokotala nawo. Pokhapokha kafukufuku zofunikira zonse ndi mtima ziyenera katswiri adzatha kusankha mlingo otetezeka komanso zothandiza mankhwala.

Fomu kumasulidwa

Valproic asidi, amasulidwe mawonekedwe zosiyana, opanga osiyanasiyana odzaza motere:

• Mapale, mapiritsi TACHIMATA, sungunuka intestine lapansi. Iwo ali 150, 200, 300, 500 mg valproic asidi (sodium wochuluka valproate).

• makapisozi 150, 300 mg.

• Medicine (madzi) munali 50 kapena 300 ml ya mankhwala mu 1 ml.

Ngakhale ndi mankhwala ena

Valproic asidi angathe utithandize zotsatira za anticonvulsants ena ndi njira protivoelepticheskih, neuroleptics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, ndi mowa. Pamene mwalandira mankhwala sangathe kumwa mowa. Valproic asidi analogs mankhwala, salicylic asidi ndi anticoagulants zimakhudzanso ochepetsera pa loitanirana (kucheza) othandiza magazi kuundana. Pamene jekeseni intestine ndi medicament ndi mofulumira odzipereka mu m'magazi. Choncho kugwiritsa ntchito asidi valproic osakaniza chakudya penapake kusagwira ntchito zake.

zotsatira zoyipazi

The medicament amayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa monga nseru, kusanza, kusafuna kudya, ndi zovuta kupweteka m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba. Ndikhudze zinthu izi ntchito enveloping kapena MANKHWALA OLETSA VUTOLI. Valproic asidi zingachititse maganizo komanso kutopa, kotero kawirikawiri Kwalamulidwa kwa anthu a yovutayi ntchito thupi ndi m'maganizo. Kulandira mankhwala zina kumayambitsa matenda ya ubongo, zomwe zimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a kugwedeza wa miyendo zithunzi kugawanika ndi zipolowe zithunzi, kugona, mutu, chizungulire, mukubwadamuka, mphwayi, ndipo boma maganizo.

Nthawi zina, zakudya za mankhwala kumabweretsa mavuto otsatirawa: kuchepa ndi kuwonjezeka mu thupi, maonekedwe a thupi lawo siligwirizana sukhalitsa tsitsi imfa, kulephera kupita kumwezi, kusintha hemogram lapansi. Zotsatira kawirikawiri koma kwambiri mbali ya kulandira zikutanthauza amaonedwa wonongeka a chiwindi kapena kapamba, kuchepetsa magazi clotting. zotsatira Hepatotoxic Mosakayika pamene kulandira mankhwala imodzi ndi clonazepam, phenobarbital.

Pamene ntchito valproic asidi tiyenera kukumbukira kuti odwala matenda ashuga zikhoza kusokoneza zotsatira za kusanthula mkodzo, kuwonjezeka wokhutira matupi ketone. Pakuti kupewa mavuto osiyanasiyana pa chithandizo nthawi zonse kudziwa zomwe zili mu mwazi wa bilirubin, chiwindi michere, kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kuwerengedwa.

contraindications

Valproic asidi, zimene mankhwala amagulitsidwa pa kauntala popanda mankhwala, ali contraindications kwambiri. Njirazi ndi monga:

• kukanika kwa kapamba ndi chiwindi;

• porphyria;

• hemorrhagic diathesis;

• mbali yapadera;

• The trimester mimba;

• kudya nthawi (mankhwala akudutsa mu mkaka wa m'mawere).

Mu II ndi III trimester mimba, mankhwala Kwalamulidwa mu Mlingo wocheperako ndi chifukwa cha kwambiri, chifukwa mitanda ya latuluka ndipo zingakhudze wa mwana wosabadwayo.

Pamene kulandira valproic asidi azitha kuyan'ana ukugwirira ntchito ulamuliro chiwindi magazi clotting ndi kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi loitanirana. Pa mankhwala, izi akazi mankhwala amene amagonana, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa mimba, njira yodalirika ya kulera.

ntchito chiwembu ndi

Kukonzekera munali asidi ichi, atengedwa misampha osiyana. Mlingo mulingo woyenera amasankhidwa payekha. Kusankha mlingo kamwedwe amakhudza wodwala matenda, kulemera ndi zaka. Nthawi zambiri, kumayambiriro kwa Inde akuluakulu ndi ana yolemera makilogalamu oposa 25, kutumikiridwa pa 10-15 mg / kg pa patsiku. Kenako mlingo mlungu ndi mlungu za mankhwala ndi chinawonjezeka ndi 5-10 mg / kg pa, n'kupita nawo kwa pazipita - 30 mg / kg. Mlingo tsiku ana - 20-50 mg / kg. Mu kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi valproic asidi ndi mankhwala ena anticonvulsant yafupika pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo pazipita asidi valproic sayenera kuposa 50 mg / kg pa tsiku.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala. Dongosolo mtsempha kumatanthauza kulandira 400-800 mg ndi sodium wochuluka valproate patsiku. Kuyambira mankhwala n'kofunika kudziwa mlingo wa mankhwala magazi. Malinga ndi kufufuza, kusintha akhale mankhwalawa chakudya.

Zimasonyeza chiwembu kuti:

• Ana a zaka 3: Mlungu woyamba wa chakumwa 150 mg wa 1 p. tsiku lachiwiri - 150 mg wa 2 p. patsiku, ndi wachitatu - pa 150 mg wa 3 p. patsiku.

• Ana 3 - zaka 10: sabata loyamba kutenga 450 mg, lachiwiri - 600 mg, ndi wachitatu - 900 mg wa pa tsiku. Malinga wina kulandira dera 300, 450, 600, 900 mg wa patsiku, motero, mu masabata 1, 2, 3 ndi 4.

• Pambuyo pa zaka 10: sabata loyamba chakumwa 600 mg, lachiwiri - 900, wachitatu - 1200 mg wa pa tsiku. Malinga wina kulandira dera 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg wa patsiku, motero, mu masabata 1, 2, 3 ndi 4.

Kwa odwala kale mankhwala ena anticonvulsants, asidi valproic kutumikiridwa mu Mlingo yaing'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo chiwerengero cha njira zina yafupika. The yokonza mlingo akuluakulu - 900-1200 mg. Valproic Acid, miyala ndi makapisozi amene Kwalamulidwa zaka pokhapokha 10, amwedwa 2-4. Ana kaŵirikaŵiri Kwalamulidwa mankhwala kapena madzi ndi mankhwala.

"Depakinum" (valproic acid)

Akugulitsa pali mankhwala osiyana ndi asidi, koma mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ndi "Depakine." Mu pharmacies, pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala: "Chrono", "300 Enterik", "Hrononosfera granules" ndi ena. onse yosiyaniranapo yogwira pophika zili ndi mawonekedwe. "Depakine" zotchulidwa monga anticonvulsant ndi maganizo-ofunika mankhwala. Iwo kukhazikika bwino mu mankhwala a khunyu, matenda ochititsa kuti, zowombetsa mkota zimandilimbikitsa-clonic khunyu, myoclonus, maganizo, litsipa mwapafupipafupi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito zochizira ululu neuropathic. Posachedwapa, mankhwala ankafufuza monga mankhwala ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ndi matenda HIV.

Valproic asidi zofikira

Mwa mankhwala valproic asidi "Depakine" ndi analogues ake ali mu ankafuna mkulu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ali ndi zotsatira yaitali. Kugwiritsa ntchito yokonza zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa pafupipafupi yatsoka a khunyu convulsive. komanso amachepetsa mwamphamvu zawo ndi facilitates otaya. "Depakine" amachepetsa chiopsezo kukhala mavuto aakulu kwambiri.

Njira metabolization valproic asidi anagwira maselo chiwindi. Pamene kulandira zinthu mwambo theka moyo pafupifupi 6-8 maola. mankhwala amakono amakhala ndi ndende achire zinthu yogwira m'thupi maola 16. Mlingo wa excretion asidi valproic kumadalira ntchito chiwindi. Valproic asidi, amene amakambirana za ubwino kwambiri pa wodwala aliyense payekha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti aliyense thupi lapadera ndipo akhoza zinthu izi ndi zina zolakwika mwakale.