Violets: chisamaliro kunyumba, maonekedwe, kubereka, umuna, kuthirira

Wosakhwima ndi wokongola maluwa otchedwa violets, kusamalira kunyumba kwa zophweka kwambiri, - ndi m'nyumba zomera wotchuka kwambiri kuti amakopeka mafani wa maluwa kunyumba kwa mithunzi ake osiyanasiyana a mitundu mitundu.

History dzina la

History violets ndi chidwi kwambiri: amapezeka Africa, pafupi Uzambarskih Mountains (Tanzania Gawo). Waphunzirazo wokongola maluwa wofiirira mu 1893 ndithu mwangozi kazembe wa Africa East, akuyenda mu nkhalango pafupi mathithi. Anatumizanso buku la maluwa ndi bambo ake - ndi German zamoyo.

Ulrich Von Saint-Paulo nkhani ya chizindikiritso botanical ndipo anapeza, ndi maluwa amatchedwa violets kapena Saintpaulia. Patapita kanthawi maluwa anawonetseredwa pa chionetsero lonse, imene inachititsa chidwi wamaluwa ndi obereketsa, chifukwa chimene mitundu yatsopano ya Saintpaulia anali kudzipatula.

Kufotokozera maluwa

Choncho kodi maluwa awa? Violets - ndi herbaceous zomera za banja Gesneriaceae, kunachitika ku otentha Africa East, violet European ogwirizana. Izi maluwa - kwambiri ankakonda ndi otchuka pakati houseplants lapansi.

Ubwino waukulu wa Saintpaulia - maluwa kwa nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi chaka chonse. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimathandiza yaing'ono zenera Chigawo kuika maluwa angapo violet mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa mbewu yokha amafuna malo aang'ono kwambiri.

Care ndi kuunika

Violets, kusamalira kunyumba kuti - osati yovuta kwambiri ndondomeko, finicky kwambiri za malo awo:

• kuchepa kwa kuwala amapezeka liwiro mapangidwe masamba ndi masamba;
• ndi muyeso wa masamba dzuwa akhoza kutenthedwa, ndi maluwa atafa;
• ayenera kusankha malo kwambiri wowala, ofunda, koma osati kwambiri akuunika dzuwa, ndiyeno malidza omasuka ndithu;
• chikhalidwe china - muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti masamba a violets sizipanga kukhudzana ndi galasi pa zenera, amene amakwiya amayaka.

Abwino senpoliy mazenera kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa, koma kum'mwera - yekha kwa wintering. Ngati mbewu akhoza adzaikidwa yekha pa zenera kum'mwera, muyenera kuika miphika kuti dzuwa kwa zomera akusowa (mwachitsanzo, mbali tebulo pafupi ndi sill zenera).

Akadakwanitsira kukula kutentha - + 23-25ºS ndi violet wamkulu - pang'ono zing'onozing'ono 20-24ºS +. Chomera salola kusintha kutentha (pazipita - ndi madigiri ochepa), ndipo sakonda drafts. kuisamalira violets m'nyengo yozizira kunyumba adzapitiriza nthawi maluwa.

Muyeneranso zonse kuyendera zomera ndi kuchotsa masamba akale kapena kuonongeka ndi maluwa zouma kwalekeka. Ngati tsinde kuti anabala pambuyo kuchotsa masamba m'munsi, mbewu ayenera kuziika kwambiri chomera kubwereketsa kwambiri mu nthaka (pamaso masamba). Kumuika violets ndi zofunika kuchita chaka chilichonse monga dothi wakuta mu mphika.

Nthaka ndi kuthirira

Saintpaulia - violet, madzi ndi nthaka amene ali ofunika. Bzalani wakonda lotayirira dothi, madzi kusunga bwino. Tikufika osakaniza tichipeza zigawo izi:

• kuwaika nthaka;
• tsamba nkhungu;
• mchenga;
• sphagnum Moss.

N'zotheka ntchito osakaniza ndi kuimaliza kugula, koma ndi Kuwonjezera wa perlite, Moss kapena kokonati gawo lapansi. Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa kuwonjezera dziko la m'nkhalango ya paini, ndipo kumusakaniza ndi pepala.

okha kuteteza madzi ndi abwino ulimi wothirira senpolii (mpopi kapena mvula). Mutsogolerane ndi peat nthaka, chinyezi mwamsanga ukuphwera kumene, violets kuthirira komanso amakonda wofatsa ndi Kusefukira choopsa kwambiri kwa iye koposa chosowa chinyezi. Ngati madzi mu kubwereketsa mwina kuyamba lawola pa tsinde ndi mizu yake pafupi. Best njira - kuwonjezera madzi poto kapena mphika ntchito kumizidwa mu ofunda (firiji) madzi.

Kusamalira m'nyengo yozizira

Kuthilira ndi kwa violets chisamaliro yozizira kunyumba ndi zovuta chifukwa cha kuchepa limbika chinyezi mu chipinda pamene Kutentha pakati, ndi iwo ayenera 60%. Choncho, yozizira, Mpofunika ntchito chopangira chinyezi kapena zonse kupopera madzi padziko chomera, ndipo mwamtheradi tisalole kulowa m'madzi pa wofatsa masamba velvety a violets.

The mavuto waukulu mu chisamaliro yozizira:

• mpweya kutentha akutsikira: zomera amakonda + 20-25 ° C, ndi ku lakuthwa kutentha dontho angathe;
• moyandikana mabatire Kutentha;
• amayaka kwa dzinja dzuwa kapena galasi ozizira pa zenera, ngati pali mawanga woyera pa tsamba, mphika wa violets ayenera kuchotsedwa zenera;
• violets zikusefukira chifukwa mpweya youma - Pankhaniyi, mmera kuziika osati kukhotetsa dongosolo mizu.

M'nyengo yozizira, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuyatsa, chifukwa mukatero zomera adzavutika chifukwa chosowa kuwala. Ndi bwino kuika nyali fulorosenti, ndipo zikuphatikiza kwa maola 3-4 tsiku lililonse: iwo alibe kutenthetsa mpweya ndi kupereka ngakhale zowunikira.

njira kudya

Saintpaulia sindimakonda overfeeding ndi bwino analekerera ndi kupanda feteleza. Ngati zomera obzalidwa nthaka wapadera, kale lili zakudya zofunikira ndi mme- zinthu. Pakuti feteleza zina (ngati zomera ndi mwachionekere wotopa) mungagwiritse ntchito fetereza kwa violets: mu granules kapena madzi. The nyimbo ndi a mitundu angapo:

• mchere - kuonjezera acidity wa nthaka ndi yotithandiza maluwa (superphosphate mu granules);
• mchere zovuta (ufa kapena madzi) "Uniflor", "Master", "Etisso" "Fertikov", etc.
• Organic: manyowa, zimene manyowa, kukonzekera madzi rubberized ( "Rainbow", "labwino", "Gummi").

Komanso, pa masamba ndi Bookmark akhoza kupanga kuvala fetereza ndi phosphorous ndi zomera achinyamata - ndi zambiri asafe. Feteleza violets sangathe ntchito zambiri kuposa 1 nthawi pamwezi, akakwera mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Njira kuswana kwa violets

Kukula bwino mu mphika akhoza "moyo" mbewu imodzi yokha, ngati muyenera kukwawira kubwereketsa owonjezera unayikidwa, koma mosamala asakhudze mizu. Ichi chimapereka mpata chomera wina popanda amacheza ndalama zoonjezera.

Pali njira zingapo imene wachulukitsa violets. Care kunyumba adzalola mwachilungamo zovuta kuphika chifukwa chodzala zakuthupi chulutsa ndipo ngakhale kukula mitundu watsopano:

• zidutswa za tsamba;
• kubwereketsa kapena suckers;
• mbewu (ndondomeko yaitali).

Nthawi mulingo woyenera kasupe ndi chilimwe, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira mbewu mu mkhalidwe zina ndipo amafuna zinthu zenizeni kusamalira.

Wofalitsa cuttings (masamba)

Chophweka njira kuti amalola kukula zomera panyumba mitundu yambiri ya violets - kafalitsidwe ndi cuttings. Chifukwa chaichi, pepala lalikulu kwambiri kuti liwonongeke Mpeni kwambiri pa ngodya pang'ono (osati kufafaniza tsinde).

Pali 2 njira masamba rooting:

• mu madzi komwe kachidutswa kakang'ono tsamba ndi adatchithisira miyendo, - muzu kumera bwinobwino kumatenga masiku 10-14 (madzi ayenera pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera pokhalabe mlingo yomweyo);
• mu nthaka wapadera (a chisakanizo cha peat) kuti akuya zokwanira kusunga tsamba pamalo ataima ngodya pang'ono, ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndicho kukhala ndi microclimate pamwamba pansi ntchito matumba polyethylene, zitini kapena chidutswa kagawo ka mabotolo pulasitiki, nthaka ayenera kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chokwanira, mini-kutentha ukoreneneniya kuchotsedwa kudula.

ogulitsira kubalana

Pamene violets wamkulu kale bwino wakula, ndiye pafupi ndi iwo unayamba kuonekera zitsulo zokhazikapo mizati mwana (anawo), zomwe kumathandizanso kufalitsa mbewu. Kuti otsadit kubwereketsa, muyenera kudikira mpaka chidzakula osachepera masentimita 5 kutalika. Pambuyo mosamala kwambiri ndi wosiyana tsinde chachikulu, kusamalira kuti asaphe mizu.

Bwino kuika mu nthaka yomweyo pambuyo tichotseretu mu mwezi Violet adzamasula mwatsopano achinyamata masamba ndi kuyamba mapangidwe maluwa.

Species ndi mitundu ya violets

mitundu Uzambarskih a violets - zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mosiyanasiyana masamba, omwe awatenge ndi akatswiri olosera mwadala kapena mwangozi okonda. Ndi kubereka ndi cuttings wa wodzala aliyense akhoza kukula ndi mtundu atsopano a (mitundu otsika).

Saintpaulia mitundu anawagawa m'magulu angapo monga kukula kwa kubwereketsa ndipo zosiyanasiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba.

Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ndi mtundu olimba kapena ndi mphonje ndi mwachibadwa adzalandira makhalidwe a makolo pa ndondomeko mbale ya kubereka, malire akhoza kuoneka yekha pa maluwa chachiwiri.

mitundu zapamwamba (chokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga, mikwingwirima, madontho) analimbikitsa peduncles kapena zimafalitsidwa ntchito laterals, ndiye iwo adzalandira mtundu. Momwemo ndipo zimafalitsidwa fialki- "Chimera" ndi chitsanzo pa maluwa cheza.

Yembekezerani-mpaka mitundu ndi tsinde yaitali ndi kukula pa mfundo zingapo, zambiri zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi zosiyanasiyana ogulitsira.

Mayeso lembani Osa - mmodzi wa oyambirira ndi latsopano mitundu ya violets, amene maluwa ali aafupi chapamwamba Lobe 2 ndi 3, m'munsi, wautali ndi yopapatiza, kupanga zosowa maonekedwe.

Mmodzi wa mitundu panopa otchuka - buluu violet, zabweretsa ku Russia, ali ndi lalikulu, mpaka masentimita 10, maluwa owala buluu ndi zomera palokha - silnovetvistoe mpaka masentimita 40 Pali mitundu ingapo ya violets, maluwa a mosiyanasiyana .:

• Blue nkhungu - wotumbululuka buluu fluffy mipira m'mbali wavy.
• Blue Danube - ali zambiri maluwa buluu mpaka masentimita 5 awiri.
• Blue Njoka - wotumbululuka buluu ndi nyenyezi buluu pa malowa, lonse wofiira malire ndi woyera ndi golide malire, mitundu mpaka masentimita 6.
• Blue Lagoon - yowala buluu violet kwa buluu banga ndi wofiira frill padziko m'mphepete.

Matenda ndi mankhwala senpoliy

Violet - chomera capricious kwambiri, napempha chinyezi wina ndi nthaka, kwambiri kuwala koma osati dzuwa mwachindunji, ena chisamaliro ndi kudya. Koma ngakhale pamene onse a zinthu izi zikachitika, mbewu odwala.

Ntchito yaikulu imeneyi - kuphunzira mmene kudziwa chifukwa cha matenda ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda ndi violets si opatsirana mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ena zakudya kapena zinthu zosayenera m'ndende ...

Chimodzi mwa mavuto - chikasu ya masamba mbewu, nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa acidity zosayenera nthaka, dzuwa kwambiri yowala kapena shading amphamvu.

Opatsirana matenda violets:

• Fusarium (zowola mwake) - tizilomboto ndi bowa Fusarium ozama mizu mnyamata zinthu nthenda ya (nthaka wolemera, zonse zikusefukira madzi, makamaka ozizira, lalikulu kwambiri mphika). Chifukwa mapesi matenda masamba kutembenukira bulauni ndipo ayamba kugwa. Pakuti kupewa pakutchulidwa wa bowa ili bwino kuthirira mbewu iliyonse miyezi 2 fundazol njira. Zochizira violets ayenera kusonyezedwa fungicides pambuyo kuchotsa zouma kapena zimayambira lawola ndi masamba.
• Powdery cinoni - chidawoneka ndi zolengeza kuchokera woyera mbali zonse padziko kuwonjezera pa chosowa kuunikira, chinyezi zosayenera, fumbi kapena matope mu mlengalenga. Chifukwa mwina kusowa (potaziyamu ndi phosphorous), kapena overabundance wa microelements (asafe). Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala kapena kupopera fundazol benlatom (kawirikawiri zokwanira 1 nthawi, koma utha kubwerezedwa ngati ndi kotheka). Kupewa kudwala cinoni violets, kusamalira kunyumba kwa iye ayenera kukhala motere: chifukwa kupewa kupanga Pochotsa yonyowa akupukuta masamba, ventilate chipinda ndi kuletsa madzi owonjezera mu mphika;

• Mochedwa choipitsa - oipa a muzu kolala violets ndi maonekedwe a bulauni mawanga pa tsamba, amene amayamba chifukwa bowa likulowerera kupyolera mizu kapena mabala pa zimayambira pa. choipitsa zoopsa kuti mafangasi spores kukhazikika mu nthaka, kotero njira yokha ndi kuononga zomera ndi njira yolera yotseketsa mphika. Kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa matenda zosasangalatsa ayenera zidzawonjezedwa kusunga nthaka ndi superphosphate chinyezi osati kuposa 60% mu chipinda;
• nkhungu Gray, amene amayamba ndi bowa Botrytis limapezeka imvi bulauni patina mbali zonse chapamwamba mbewu, ndiyeno oipa ndi imfa ya violets. bowa nthawi zambiri kamakhala zakhudzana ndi nthaka, choncho pamaso kubzala mbewu iliyonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuti amaundana nthaka mufiriji, ndiyeno madzi ndi yankho la manganese. Onse odwala kufunika kuwononga violet ndi chomera ndondomeko fungicides. Pofuna kupewa matenda, m'pofunika kupewa kuthirira zimabwezera lakuthwa kutentha dontho mu chipinda.

tizirombo violets

The tizirombo ambiri zokhudza senpolii:

• tizilombo lonse - kukwapula masamba ndi mapesi wamng'ono, deforming iwo ndi kuchititsa maonekedwe a mawanga ofiira; ndi iwo, zimathandiza processing "aktellik" kapena "fitoverm";
• Nsabwe zambiri adalowa m'nyumba kusiyana ndi maluwa atsopano, tizilombo kudya maluwa ntchito chomera kuyamwa kudya; kuchotsa nsabwe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "Moskpilan" kapena "aktellik";
• nkhupakupa (mitundu ingapo) - kusokoneza masamba achinyamata kuthana nawo zomera ankachitira "Akarinom", "fitoverm" ndi ena.

Violets kapena Saintpaulia - mitundu wokongola kwambiri zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya mbewu yokongola amene bwinobwino wamkulu pa windowsills, ambiri ankachita masewera ndi akatswiri kukongoletsa maluwa.