Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky: biography, kulengedwa. Zithunzi za Favorsky

Pulogalamu yoyamba ya sukulu ya Moscow ndi Vladimir Andreyevich Favorsky. Zithunzi za ojambula sizimangotenga nzeru zokha, komanso kutenga nawo mbali mu Nkhondo Yoyamba Yadziko lonse, ndikugwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zamaphunziro, ndi kuphunzitsa. Koma choyamba iye amadziwika ngati illustrator. Ambiri amadziwa zojambula zake ku ntchito za W. Shakespeare ndi S. Ya Marshak.

Achinyamata

Zinganenedwe kuti Favorsky adayenera kugwirizanitsa moyo wake ndi luso monga wotsatila miyambo ya banja. Ojambulawo anali agogo ake aamuna, amayi ndi agogo ake aakazi. Wojambula wamkulu wa ku Russia anabadwa mu 1886 ku Moscow. Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse, pamene mayi amakoka, iye mwiniyo adatenga mapepala ake ndi mapensulo. Poyamba, kujambula kunawonetsedwa ndi iye ngati chisangalalo chosangalatsa - panonso. Koma atalowa muzojambula, Favorsky adakhala pano kwamuyaya ndikukhala cholinga chake chothandizira anthu ambiri. Anayamba ntchito yake monga wojambula, akupereka chiyembekezo chachikulu. Koma kenako anasankha zithunzi monga pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wanzeru.

Ubwana wa ojambula, womwe unagwiridwa ndi banja lachikondi, unalibe mavuto. Wachibale wotsatira, - ojambula, okonza mapulani, ojambula zithunzi, - anathandiza kuti chidwi chojambula chikhale cholimba. Ndipo pamene inali nthawi yoti apite ku sukulu, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro apamwamba, adasankha kupereka mwanayo ku sukulu yausayansi ya KF Yuon.

Phunzirani

Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi ulendo wopita ku sukulu ya Yuona, mnyamatayu anaphunzira madzulo ku Sukulu ya Stroganov. Atamaliza maphunzirowo anapita ku Munich ndipo analembetsa ku Faculty of Economics, koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti izi sizinali ntchito yake. Mu 1906, mnyamatayo analowa m'zipinda zothandizira, zomwe zinayendetsedwa ndi a Hungarian ojambula a Chimarmeniya ochokera ku Armenia ochokera ku Shimon Holloshi. Mphunzitsi uyu Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky nthawi zonse amakumbukira ndi kuyamikira monga mmodzi wa okonda ake omwe amamukonda kwambiri. Mosakayikira, adakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a luso laling'ono komanso kupanga mapulani ake.

Mnyunivesite ya Munich, panthawiyi, Favorsky sanaleke ndipo anamvetsera kumeneko ku maphunziro ojambula. Mu 1907, anabwerera ku Russia ndipo anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite ya Moscow.

Moyo wa banja

M'chaka chomaliza cha yunivesite, mu 1812, Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky anakwatira Maria Derviz, msungwana wokongola wokhala ndi chikhalidwe chokondweretsa, kuzinthu zina zonse ndi ojambula olonjeza. Pakati pa achibale ake anali Valentin Serov, yemwe analimbikitsanso Maria chidwi chake chojambula. Anaphunzira kujambula ku St. Petersburg ndi ku France. Ku Moscow, monga mwamuna wake wam'tsogolo, adali wophunzira wa Yuon, kenako School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Maria sanayembekezere kukhala wojambula wamkulu, koma chifukwa chake ndizochitika pamoyo, osati chifukwa cha luso. Ngakhale izi, mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake anali bwenzi ndi womuthandiza mwamuna wake. Zaka khumi zapitazi za moyo wake, iye anagwira ntchito zozikumbukira, chifukwa ochita kafukufuku Favorsky adatha kubwezeretsa masamba ena ake.

Wojambulayo anali ndi ana atatu: Nikita ndi Ivan, ndi mwana wamkazi Maria. Abale onsewa adadzipereka kupita kutsogolo, pamene nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko ladziko lapansi inayamba. Mkuluyo anamwalira chaka choyamba cha nkhondo, wamng'ono kwambiri sanakhaleko miyezi ingapo asanamalize maphunzirowo. Ndipo Maria Vladimirovna anakhala wojambula wa ceramic ndi wosungira zolemba za banja.

Kukhwima kwa katswiri

Atamaliza maphunziro a sukuluyi Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky anali kuphunzitsa ntchito ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha luso. Pamene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inayamba, iye anapita kutsogolo ndipo adadutsa pankhondo yonseyi. Ku Moscow, wojambula uja anabwezedwa mu 1918 pa udindo. Pambuyo pa ankhondo, iye mwamsanga analowa mu moyo wopanga wa likulu.

Wojambula uja anayambanso ntchito yake yophunzitsa. M'zaka za m'ma 1920, adayang'anira imodzi mwa maofesi a Maphunziro Azamwamba ndi Amishonale (VHUTEMAS), amaphunzitsa ophunzira pa zojambulajambula ndi matabwa. Mu 1923 adakhala woyang'anira VKhUTEMAS. Favorsky amayamba kugwira ntchito pa mapangidwe a mabuku a Pushkin ndi Tolstoy, ndipo kuyambira pano, buku lojambula zithunzi ndilo limodzi la zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, amalankhula mosapita m'mbali ndi katswiri wafilosofi PA Florensky. Kugwirizana, kulimbikitsidwa ndi ubwenzi ndi chiyanjano cha anthu otchulidwa, adawathandiza onse awiriwo. Mu malo ambiri ovomerezeka a ojambula mumatha kuona mphamvu ya Florensky. Onse adalumikizana ndi Left Front of Arts (LEF). Chifukwa cha chikhulupiliro chokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha uzimu pa anzeru, iwo adasandulika ndi gulu la "zopanga zatsopano".

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, wojambulayo adagwirizana kwambiri ndi zojambulajambula. Amalemba nkhani ndi malipoti, amaphunzitsa ku All-Russian Academy of Arts. Akupitiriza kulemba mabuku, amagwirizanitsa ndi Moscow Art Theatre. Amachita nawo mawonetsero ku Venice ndi Paris.

Mbuye wokhwima adalowa mu 40 Favorsky. Wojambulayo adalandira kuzindikira ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito pa malamulo ochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mphamvu yake ikupitirizabe kukula, njirayi ikukula bwino. Kuzama kwa zithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa stroke kwawongolera.

Zaka zaposachedwa

M'zaka zochepa, wojambula adapeza zipatso zabwino za ntchito yake. Mu 1956 adakhala Wojambula Wolemekezeka wa RSFSR, mu 1959 - People's Artist wa RSFSR, ndipo mu 1963 - People's Artist of the USSR. Amalandira ndalama za golidi m'mayendedwe apadziko lonse ku Brussels, Leipzig ndi São Paulo. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1962, Favorsky anapatsidwa Lenin Prize kuti apindule. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti wojambulayo adakhala pazinthu zake zokhazokha - akupitiriza kugwira ntchito zojambula, zojambula, zojambula. Wojambulayo adafa kumapeto kwa 1963 monga mbuye wolemekezeka. Manda ake ali ku Moscow ku Manda a Novodevichy.

Maganizo aumulungu

Favorsky analinganiza bwino ndi kupanga pulogalamu yake yophunzitsa. Lingaliroli linayambira pa zokambirana, zomwe pulofesa adawerenga kwa ophunzira ake. Ali ndi iwo, anayamba kupanga ndi kusinthasintha masomphenya ake. Zotsatira zake, mabuku anabadwira: "Pa zojambulajambula, za bukhuli, za kulemba", "Mafayilo, mitundu yake ndi kugwirizana kwa mafanizo ndi foni", "Malemba pa chiphunzitso cholemba". Mwa iwo Favorsky analankhula za njira yogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake pa ndege. Ndinayang'ana mutu wa kutanthauzira mizere, udindo wa ndege mu kujambula ndi zithunzi. Mtundu uliwonse wa pamwamba ukutchulidwa kuti ndiwe mwiniwakeyo komanso "kuimirira."

Pa mbali iliyonse ya zozizwitsa zomwe Favorsky anaganiza, refrainky anaganiza lingaliro kuti zopangidwa ndi ziganizo zake ziyenera kukhala osadziŵika bwino ndi bwino. Mpukutu mu njira iliyonse imayambitsa kusokoneza ndipo imatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa luso. Chilengedwe chiyenera kukhala cholimbikitsa moyo, chifukwa lingaliro la choonadi silingagwirizane ndi lingaliro la kukongola. Kukondweretsa kwa umbuli kwazithunzi sikuyenera kuvomerezedwa.

Zithunzi Zamabuku

Favorsky nthawi zambiri ankati sakusonyeza ntchitoyi, koma amalenga buku. Nthaŵi zonse ankayandikira ntchitoyi m'njira yovuta, osati kupanga mafanizo, komanso kusankha mndandanda, maonekedwe, zokongoletsera, kuchuluka. Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zojambulajambula zokhazokha. Chiyero cha zizindikiro, mmbali ndi ndime ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha engraving. Favorsky sankangolengedwa ndi chidziwitso chake chokhalenga, koma adadaliranso ndi zochitika zakale komanso chitsitsimutso. Anayambitsa lingaliro la "zomangidwe za buku" - sayansi ya chiwerengero ndi mgwirizano wa zigawo zake zonse.

Pa ntchito iliyonse Favorsky anapeza njira yake. Kukongoletsa kwa gulu la Lay of Igor kunauziridwa ndi mabuku akale achi Russia. Zokongoletsera ndi makalata oyamba amamuwerengera wolemba mabuku akale. Mafanizo a "Mavuto Ochepa" a Pushkin amadziwika bwino, talingalirani mfundo zochepa kwambiri. Masewera amawombera m'mipando yapamwamba ndikukhala chizindikiro cha malingaliro: umbombo, chisoni, mkwiyo, mantha. M'mafanizo a zamoyo zodabwitsa za "Shponka" za Gogol zikuwoneka: tizilombo timphona, anthu omwe ali ndi mbalame. Zithunzizi sizikutsirizitsa zokhazokha, komanso zimakhala zojambula zosiyana zomwe zingathe kupereka chakudya choganiza. Imodzi mwa ntchito za wolemba okhwima ndi fanizo ku ntchito ya S. Spassky "Chaka Chatsopano". Maonekedwe awo akutsatiridwa ndi ntchito yaikulu. Zizindikiro ndizowopsa, zolimba, zamphamvu. Wojambula amavomereza mwachidwi, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse amakwaniritsa zotsatira zake. Favorsky's engraving inapeza anthu ambiri okondeka ndipo imayamikiridwabe pakati pa osonkhanitsa.

Wojambula wojambula zithunzi wotchedwa Pushkin, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Dante, Gogol, Merimee, Burns, ndipo iyi si ntchito yake yonse. Osati kokha mabuku achikulire omwe anapangidwa ndi Favorsky, nayenso ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyumba yosindikiza DETGIZ. Chitsanzo cha ndakatulo "Ngati ana a Padziko lonse ..." ambiri amadziwika kuchokera m'buku la mabuku. Anyamata osasamala amaseka mosangalala ndi kuthamangira ku dambo, akusangalala ndi moyo wamtendere. Mwana aliyense wa Soviet ayenera kuti anawerenga zomwe anasonkhanitsa ku Marshak, kumene kunali fano lolemba ndakatulo lakuti "Moustached Striped" ndi khanda loipa.

Mitundu ina yodzinenera

Mafelemu a mawonekedwe amodzi anali opapatiza kwa Vladimir Andreevich. Iye anakhala wotchuka osati kokha kwa fanizo la bukhu. Pakati pa theka la makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Favorsky adachita "Oyang'anira akuluakulu a ku Russia," kumene zithunzi za anthu apamwamba zimakhudza ukulu ndi mphamvu za Russia. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri ndi chithunzi cha F. M. Dostoyevsky. Wolemba akuwoneka wozama ndi wozama. Wojambula samamukongoletsa, samakongoletsa zenizeni, samalola ma caracature pathos. Koma mu chiwerengero chodzichepetsa cha Dostoevsky pali alamu kwa anthu a Russia, chikondi cha dziko lawo ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa ya kulingalira.

Njira yomwe ankaikonda inali yolemba mitengo ndi kujambula pamtengo, koma anakopeka ndi chipangizo chotchedwa linocut. Mu njirayi, zokongola "Samarkand cycle" zinalengedwa. Kuyambira ntchito yake monga wojambula, moyo wake wonse Favorsky nthawi ndi nthawi ankatenga ziphuphu. Zolemba zake ndi za "1905 chaka". Ankajambula ndi kujambula kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, wojambulayo adagwirizanitsa ndi malo owonetsera masewero - anapanga zojambula zopangira zovala ndi zovala, ndipo ali mnyamata ngakhale zidole zamatabwa za masewera a ana. Kaya Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky anatenga, iye anachita chirichonse mwa chikondi ndi luso lalikulu. Koma pokumbukira anawo, adakhalabe wojambula bwino kwambiri.