Vologda Kremlin State Museum-Reserve (chithunzi)

Pakati pa Vologda ndi mbiri ndi mapulani gulu loyimba, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la Ivan IV monga linga (1567) ndipo anali ndi udindo kumbuyo mu XVI - XVII zaka. Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, makoma ake ndi nsanja anali ankaiphwasula. Lero ndi Vologda Kremlin State Museum-Reserve. Ife angakuuzeni za chipilala imeneyi ya m'mbiri ndipo zomangamanga.

Vologda Kremlin - History

Ntchito yomanga boma la Russia anayamba mu kasupe 1566, madzulo a Atumwi Yasoni ndi Sosipatro. Analamula kuti ntchito ya zomangamanga ochokera ku UK Hemfri Lokk.

Ivan Grozny anakonza ntchito Vologda Kremlin monga zogona wake. Atumizidwa pomanga gawo kuchokera kumpoto okha mtsinje Vologda, kuchokera kum'mwera anali anakumba ngalande, amene lero chikudziwika ngati mtsinje scrofula, kuchokera kumalire a kumadzulo inkadutsa panopa Leningrad msewu.

Mu 1571, ntchito yomanga wakhala inaimitsidwa mogwirizana ndi kuchoka kwa mfumu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, izo anamangidwira linga la miyala ndi nsanja khumi awiri amene, ndi mpanda, mu ngodya kum'mwera kumadzulo.

Kenako mu boma la Russia anaonekera mpingo tchalitchi - yaulemerero nyumba mwala, St. Sophia Cathedral. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali nyumba yachifumu, mtengo, ndipo mpingo wa Joachim ndi Anna. matabwa stockade ndi nsanja 21 hipped inamangidwa. Stone khoma anali kokha kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo. Ngakhale kuti Vologda Kremlin sanabadwe zikadzachitika, ngakhale panthawi imeneyo iye anagunda kukula wake waukulu.

Atatu nsanja matabwa ndi intermediates anayi anamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Alexei Mikhailovich.

Misewu lili mkati boma la Russia, zomwe zichitike kutenga nkhani malangizo a misewu waukulu, omwe adamangidwa ku Spassky Chipata, napita ku Saint Sophia Cathedral. Analenga pakati m'misewu ikuluikulu zogona ndi driveways. m'dera chapakati anadziwika Sobornaja. Pa anali St. Sophia Cathedral, nyumba ya mfumu ndi kuchipatala bishopu.

Vologda Kremlin anali yotumikira ena, inali khoma kum'mawa, zimene zinachititsa kuti mtsinje wa mfumu yoipa. M'malo mwake panali pang'ono kulemba kanyumba - panakhala alembi. wakhomo ananyozedwa ndende, kenako panali nkhokwe eyiti kumene mbewu anali kusungidwa, anasonkhana ndi County anthu. Chakum'mwera Pyatnitskikh bungwe mlomo chilindo cha wokhala labial Mtsogoleriyu. Iwo afufuze nkani chigawenga. Nthawi yomweyo anali atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda okwezeka ndi ndende pabwalo.

Pa gawo la boma la Russia iwo unapangidwa bungwe ndi malo otchuka kugula. Mu 1711, mizere khumi zinamangidwa pa izo. Kenako, iwo anali osakwanira, kugula tithe anayamba kumanga pa magombe a scrofula.

Pakati Spassky ndi Vologda nsanja ili Gostiny Dvor, amene anali mu 1627 m'dera la utali wa mamita 98 mamita 92 m'lifupi. Panali nkhokwe yekha, anamanga pansi pa denga, Petro ndi Paulo Church.

Today Vologda Kremlin - ndi mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe m'kati mwa mzinda. Panopa ambiri nyumba kumbuyo tsopano akuimira mu mawonekedwe mayiwe ndi m'mphepete mwa paki owonetsera zakale ndi scrofula Mtsinje.

History owonetsera zakale

M'nyumbayi yoyamba Vologda anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Iyo inali nyumba ya Peter Ine, amene analandira alendowo koyamba mu 1885. zaka 11 pambuyo (1896) anaonekera Vologda Diocesan Drevnehranilische imene panali zakale amakonda kupembedza ndi zikalata zofunika za Vologda chigawocho.

Woyamba luso zomera ku Vologda anaonekera mu 1911. Ndi nthawi ndi monga chilengedwe ndi rodinovedeniya Museum.

Mu March 1923, malinga ndi chigamulo cha makonsolo onse a zinthu zakale mzindawo pamodzi.

Pa Vologda State zakale ndi mapulani Museum-Reserve wakhala bungwe zochokera owonetsera zakale dera.

Lero chimagwirizanitsa Vologda Kremlin ndi nthambi 9. Ali:

1. Mapulani ndi Ethnographic Museum.
2. Museum wa zingwe.
3. Nyumba ya Peter I.
4. "Vologda kugwirizana" (owonetsera zakale).
5. Nyumba Museum wa AF Mozhaiskogo
6. Nyumba Museum Batiushkov KN
7. "Literature. Art. Century XX »(owonetsera zakale).
8. "Zinthu Kwaokha" (Museum).
9. "Vologda kumayambiriro kwa XIX - XX zaka" (kulongosola).

Sophia Cathedral

Izi ndi wamkulu nyumba mwala mu mzinda. Vologda Kremlin ndi St. Sophia Cathedral - manda zazikulu za zomangamanga ndi mbiri za m'ma XVI. kachisi ali ndi kukula kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Walls ndi 38,5 mamita yaitali, kutalika kuposa mamita 59.

St. Sophia Cathedral ndi chitsanzo cha zomangamanga Russian mpingo wa atumwi XVI. nyumba zoterozo zinali wamba m'mizinda, anali kumangidwa ndi mtundu wa Akukwera Cathedral mu Moscow. Komabe, Vologodskiy Cathedral isiyana ndi zina analogues kufupika zomangamanga amene amapereka enieni North Cathedral stringency.

mbali structural

Sophia Cathedral ali mbali khalidwe. Malinga ndi malamulo wakale wa Mpingo guwa la mpingo ayenera chinayang'ana kum'mawa. Pa lamulo la Ivana Groznogo guwa a tchalitchi inamangidwa m'njira kuti imatsogoleredwa kumpoto chakumadzulo. Ofufuza za, Ivan IV ankafuna guwa la kachisi zinayang'ana mtsinje, ngakhale kuti zinali zosiyana ndi miyambo ya matchalitchi.

Nthawi yathu isanafike zisungidwe kwathunthu matabwa zisanu tiered gilded iconostasis. Izo analengedwa mu 1738 ndipo anali wachitatu kuyambira yomanga tchalitchi. Zizindikiro iye, analemba Polish zojambulajambula limakhulupirira Iskritsky.

Mu mbiri yake yaitali ya St. Sophia Cathedral anali ankamangidwanso nthawi zambiri. mawonekedwe ake masiku ano izo imapezeka mu XX atumwi.

Belu nsanja ya Vologda Kremlin

Mu 1659 pa octagonal mwala belfry inamangidwa pa malire a boma la Russia.

Mu 1869, Bishop Palladius, amene takambirana kuti belu nsanja ya Cathedral akhale pamwamba mabelu onse chigawocho, udindo wamanga VN Shildknehtu kuimanganso. hema anawachotsa ndipo anamanga pa zaka belu nsanja awonongedwa lero, ali ananena arches akulira.

Mbali yaikulu ya belu nsanja anayamba chime, omwe anapangidwa mu Moscow pa fakitale Gutenop abale (1871). Ndipo lero iwo ali mudzi waukulu kwa maola.

belfry wapadera

Apa, gulu lapadera la mabelu wakale. Bwino anapulumutsidwa XVII m'ma belo. Ena mutu choyambirira - "Onse" (1627), "Big Mbalame ya Chinsansa" (1689), "Little Mbalame ya Chinsansa" (1656) ndi ena.

Pa mlingo wa mutu wa m'munsi pali waung'ono kuonerera sitimayo. Kuyambira apo mukhoza amasirira maganizo m'modzi mwa mzindawo, mtsinje.

Chapter gilded belu nsanja. Mugawo ntchito zinachitikadi mu 1982. Ndiye iwo anatenga magalamu 1,200 tsamba golide.

Nyumba ya Peter I

owonetsera zakale izi anayamba kugwira ntchito Vologda mu lakutali 1872. Ndi ili mu gawo chakale cha mzinda, pa magombe a mtsinje Vologda, panyumba wakale Gutmann. Ndi nyumba yokhayo kupulumuka kwa amalonda Dutch. Pali zambiri ankabwera ndi Peter I.

Tsopano m'chigawo Zinthu alipo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. Onsewo - mboni chete a m'nthawi zakale. chidutswa cha mipando, amene wakhala lalembedwa "AG" (Adolf Gutmann), a eni nyumba.

zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wofunika kwambiri ndi malamulo inakhazikitsa ndi Peter I. Ndi, ndithudi, Order Andreya Pervozvannogo. M'masiku amenewo anapatsidwa ndi anthu 38.

maulendo

Masiku ano, anthu ochuluka a m'dziko wathu kuyendera Vologda Kremlin, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani ino.

Museum zikuphatikizapo zipilala 40, okwana m'dera - 9000 sq. m. Iwo amapereka mabuku, zojambulajambula, sayansi zachilengedwe, mbiri yakale komanso ethnographic chionetsero. zosonkhanitsira Zinthu zambiri kuposa 500 zikwi zinthu - ntchito yaulere ya luso wakale Russia, matchati mipukutu, ndalama akale ndi zina zambiri.

Zoposa 60 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anasonyeza pa zisudzo zosiyanasiyana. toyesa ambiri ku zosonkhanitsira owonetsera zakale ankazionetsa England ndi Germany, a Vatican ndi France, Finland ndi Netherlands, Hungary ndi Austria. alendo kwa maulendo Vologda Kremlin akhoza kukaona onse payekha ndi gulu. Ndipo mapulogalamu ulendowu anapangidwa kuti misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, kwa ana a zaka chisanadze sukulu. Pamaziko a m'nyumbayi ndi bulanchi ake nthawi zonse amachitika oposa 80 maulendo.

Museum mode ntchito

Lero, alendo ambiri amapita ku Vologda Kremlin. Inayambira maola - tsiku lililonse kwa 10,00 kuti 17.00. nyumbayi chatsekedwa Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri. Pa gawo la boma la Russia, pakhomo ndi ufulu tsiku lililonse.