Voluntarism chiri. Mbiri ya zikamera ndi chifuniro cha ziphunzitso

ndi maziko a kuli chiyani? Kodi mtundu wa mphamvu yosaoneka chimachititsa munthu kusankha zina? mafunso awa yesani kuyankha m'badwo kuposa wina akatswiri ndi asayansi, akukankha zosiyanasiyana maganizo. M'nkhani ino wina tidzakambirana ku Sitingawerenge, wotchedwa voluntarism. Mawu amenewa anali anapanga ndi German Katswiri F.Tonnisom mu 1883, koma lingaliro wakhala anayamba kale kwambiri.

voluntarism ndi chiyani? Izi maganizo ndi nzeru zaumunthu azimuth kudziwika monga mfundo lofunika chifuniro onse (ku Latin. Voluntas). Chifukwa cha dziko, malinga voluntaryists, chinali chifuniro cha Mulungu, chifukwa cha khalidwe yonse ya anthu komanso kukhadzikika zilakolako chifuniro. Ena oimira umenewu adzakhala kumukweza kwa gulu la choonadi mtheradi, dziko mphamvu imene amachichita onse njira maganizo a munthu. Mind tsopano akukhala malo sekondale, nchifukwa chake voluntarism - ngodya ya nzeru ndi zopanda chilungamo cha m'ma 19.

Choyamba kukonza lingaliro la voluntarism Roma woganiza Augustine, amene ankakhulupirira kuti chifuniro - ndi mphamvu ya galimoto moyo, limene limalimbikitsa anthu kudzimvera chidziwitso, asaaonerera pa magulu athu onse, maganizo akupanga kuchokera mu kuya kwa chikumbumtima chathu. Mfundo imeneyi pambuyo pa zaka zambiri, anayamba kupanga ntchito za Schopenhauer ndi Nietzsche, komanso anthu ambiri anzeru ndi zamaganizo wa 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20.

ndi voluntarism wa Schopenhauer chiyani?

Malinga ndi iye, chifuniro - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za dziko, pamodzi ndi nkhaniyi, ndi liwiro la moyo. Shopengauėr kuzindikiridwa masitepe adzatero mapangidwe:

1. Kukopa.
2. Nyese.
3. Kapangidwe ka - dziko zochita kupanga.
4. Chimalimbikitsa chifuniro (azipereka mwa anthu okha).

Mtheradi woyambirirawo ndi mwamakani, ndi kuwonetseredwa mu dziko zochita kupanga. Ndiye iye aswa mu dziko wamoyo, ndipo kumaonekera kukafunafuna chakudya. Azidzapereka kupeza zosowa latsopano ndi akutulukira, komanso amalenga iwo. Pomaliza, ati nzeru zapamwamba, mapeto wachisoni, chifukwa chuma okha ndipo n'zosatheka kugawana zonse mofanana. Kudzipha - si kuchita kumusonyeza ndi kusakhutira ndi.

voluntarism Nietzsche ndi chiyani?

Wina nzeru zapamwamba German, amene anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha chifuniro cha ziphunzitso, anali Friedrich Nietzsche. Mu ntchito zake oyambirira, mmene ndi kuchisonyeza Schopenhauer, koma kenako kuthi azioneka achilendo. Nietzsche ankakhulupirira kuti chifuniro si ogwirizana ndi mumtengo, kuti ali yense wamoyo yake, ndi onse a dziko njira kudzachitika pokhapo chifukwa cha zipolowe za zokonda - "musakhale chifuniro, sipakanakhala gulu; Kungakhale chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa ena zinthu poyerekezera ndi ena. " Nietzsche m'malo Schopenhauer "adzakhala" moyo "chifuniro mphamvu", umene amauona waukulu galimoto mphamvu ya moyo, malinga ndi zimene Yehova amafuna kuti moyo - ". Kankhirani chochitikacho"

Komabe, voluntarism - tanthauzo osati zochitika mwangwiro nzeru zaumunthu, nthawi zambiri amatha kumveka, ndi kufufuza ntchito chuma nkhaniyi. sukulu zoweta kupereka kutanthauzira zotsatirazi:

Economic voluntarism - ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochita zopanda nzeru, kunyalanyaza malo akavalidwe zachuma pamaziko a akufunira panthawiyi.

Ndipo kodi voluntarism mu chifaniziro cha mzika za mphamvu Western? Apa, mawu ali ndi mtundu zabwino, iwo akhoza anasankha monga mwa chifuniro posankha zochita anthu, popanda kuthamanga kwina.