Bobby Sands, anayambitsa 1981 Irish njala kuponya: yonena

Bobby Sands anali womenya kwa ufulu wa Northern Ireland. Analowa Ira, chifukwa ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa chilango kawiri. Ali m'ndende, iye anasankhidwa yamalamulo ku chigawo chake. Mu kumenyera ufulu Sands ufulu wawo unayamba njala sitalaka chifukwa cha zimene iye anafa chifukwa cha kutopa. Pakuti ambiri, zochita zake anapita padera ndi kumvetsedwa chifukwa cha zochita za atolankhani. Komabe, anali akukhudza kulimbitsa zina udindo wa Ira mu Nyumba ya Malamulo.

ndi Ira ndi chiyani? Kodi zofuna za akaidi zionetsero? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa, komanso zina kuchokera yonena za Robert Sands angapezeke mu nkhani.

yonena

Full dzina la Irish womenyera ufulu Robert Gerard Sands. Anabadwa mu Newtownabbey, m'banja Catholic 09.03.1954 Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi anasamukira ndi makolo ake mu Rathcoole. The Sands banja, kupatula Bobby, anali mwana wa Bernadette. Komanso nawo zandale.

Bobby Sands anakwatira Dzheraldin Noad, ndi 08.05.1973 anabadwa mwana wawo Gerard. Patatha zaka eyiti, mwana wake wamng'ono, Robert, kudzakhalapo pa maliro a atate wake.

Nawo Ira

Bobby Sands membala wa Ira, pamene Iye adali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye yoyamba ija. Chifukwa cha ichi chinapezeka mwa mfuti kwawo anayi. Bobby m'ndende zaka zisanu m'ndende.

Mu 1976, iye anali m'ndende ndipo anapitirizabe ntchito yake mu bungwe. Iye amaganiziridwa n'kuchititsa kuphulika, koma sanapeze umboni wa mbali. Komabe, kale mu 1977, Sands anali nawo shootout a. Chifukwa iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka khumi ndipo anamutengera ku ndende Mays.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, boma anathetsa udindo, chifukwa cha Ira akaidi ukugwira olakwa wamba. Pambuyo kanthu, lotchedwa "bulangeti Zionetsero", "zauve Zionetsero". Iwo ankachita ndi Bobby. Komanso, iye analemba ndakatulo ndi nkhani.

Zocitika za Ira

Aku Iran paramilitary gulu umalimbana ndi kumenyera ufulu Ireland a kumpoto kwa Britain. wolalikira ankakhulupirira kuti dziko lawo linali pansi utakhala asilikali. M'zochita zake, bungwe anadalira pa anthu Katolika.

Lero ali nthumwi zake ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, amene anapereka mu mawonekedwe a Sinn Fein. Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1919 ndi kugalukira ku Dublin ndi ntchito Patrick Pearce.

Asilikali aku Iran anali cholembedwa wake. Mphindi 90 pamaso kuphulika ndi owayimilira Kudziwitsidwa cholinga chake kuitana pofuna kupewa ovulala anthu, kusonyeza nthawi yomweyo mphamvu yake. The mipherezero waukulu anali oyimira a asilikali British, apolisi ndi mabwalo amilandu.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, bungwe linagawanika. "M'dzikoli" ndi Ira, kumene kunali mbali ndi Robert Sands analengedwa. Organization mlandu wa kupha anthu oposa chikwi, amene anali asilikali ndi anthu wamba. Omenyana mlandu pambuyo otsimikiza anaikidwa akaidi monga ndondomeko. M'kupita kwa nthawi, udindo uwu wachotsedwa iwo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zionetsero akaidi. Imodzi mwa njira zomwe anasonyeza kusakhutira anayamba njala amenye.

Zionetsero 1981

M'chaka cha 1981 anamwalira MP Frenk Maguayr, choncho anayamba ntchitoyi. Chifukwa, membala watsopano wa nyumba yamalamulo, anali Sands. Analinso nthumwi wamng'ono wa boma. Poyankha, chiletso zina ankatsatira: anthu amene akutumikira ziganizo wa chaka kuposa wina mwina kutenga mbali mu chisankho.

Robert anamwalira masiku sikisite-sikisi a kuponya njala. Chifukwa cha imfa inali kutopa kotheratu. Pamaliro ake ataonera anthu pa zana chikwi, kuphatikizapo Irish Republican Army.

zofunikira

Ngakhale Sands membala wa Boma, njala kuponya anali kale pachimake. Anthu kuika patsogolo zofuna asanu. Ngakhale iwo onse wiritsani pansi chakuti oimira wa Ira kumbuyo mu ndende udindo wa akayidi andale.

Ufulu, amene anali kufuna njala:

1. Musapite ku ndende zovala.
2. Sagwira ntchito m'ndende.
3. Ufulu kulankhulana mwa akaidi, gulu la zinthu chotchedwa maphunziro.
4. Luso kulandira kamodzi pa sabata kwa kalata imodzi, kutumiza ndi kulandira mlendo.
5. Kutheka kupeza chikhululukiro.

The Irish Republican Army wakhala akulola boma la United Kingdom, kotero kuti anachita sizinali mu mtima wa Zionetserozo.

Margaret Tetcher anachita

Pamene panali njala kuponya (Bobby Sands anali mmodzi wa ophunzira chachikulu), Nduna Yaikulu ya British anali Margaret Thatcher. Iye sanapite pa njala zokambirana sawayankha udindo wa akayidi andale zionetsero. Izi zapangitsa kuti imfa ya anthu khumi.

Komabe, boma lili koma kuti m'malo awo, poyerekezera ndi njala, ngakhale nyuzipepala sanauze za izo. masabata awiri pambuyo chiyambi cha Zionetsero mkaidi saloledwa kuvala zovala yosavuta, osati kuchita ntchito m'ndende, sonkhanani ku kucheza, kuti maphunziro.

Njala kuponya inatha

Zionetsero inatha 03/10/1981 wa Bobby Sands anali munthu woyamba, koma osati otsiriza.

List akaidi womwalirayo nawo njala Menya:

• Robert Sands kudya masiku 66 ndipo anafa koyamba;
• F. Hughes - masiku 59;
• P. McCreesh - masiku 61;
• P. O'Hara - masiku 61;
• D. McDonnell - masiku 61;
• M. Herson - masiku 46;
• K. Lynch - masiku 71;
• K. Doherty - masiku 73;
• T. McElwee - masiku 62;
• M. Devine - masiku 60.

Okumbukira chikumbutso womwalirayo analengedwa. Iwo lili Bogside monga "H" English kalata. Choncho ana anapitiriza mu kukumbukira chochitika chimene chikutchulidwa Bobby Sands ndi "HLB M'mbali" (dzina mwamwayi ndikuyenda ndende). Ndi mu umodzi wa midadada izi kutumikira mapeto zionetsero.

Kamenyedwe njala kwachititsa chakuti malamulo a nationalists ya Irish anatenga kwakukulu kwambiri malangizo. komanso chinali chiyambi cha ndondomeko imene kwathandiza Sinn Féin kupambana chisankho.

tsikulo womenyera ufulu

Bobby Sands, ogwidwa, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa akuluakulu a Ira, anali munthu wa msinkhu. Ali m'ndende, iye analemba ndakatulo ndi nkhani. Iye anayamba njala sitalaka Sands ankasunga tsikulo, mbiri loyamba zapakati March 1 (Sunday). Mu Russian Baibulo intaneti ake ali kusinthika kwa masiku khumi a tsikulo lapansi.

Mufilimuyi "Njala" mu 2008

1981 Irish njala kuponya pa nthawi limafotokonzera pa TV si olondola. manyuzipepala British atenga boma ndi kuyesera kunyoza malamulo a anthu anjala. Mu njira ina, taganizirani mmene zinthu zinalili mu wotsogolera sewero Steve McQueen a "Njala", amene anaonekera pa zowonetsera mu 2008. Iye anapatsidwa mphoto pa Cannes Film Chikondwerero.

The chithunzi limasonyeza masabata otsiriza a moyo wa Robert, amene anali membala wa malamulo ya ku Britain, woimira Ira. Iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka khumi ndi zinayi ankachita nawo kuwombera pa apolisi, kapena m'malo chifukwa chopezeka ndi mfuti.

The filimu zimasonyeza akaidi ku Ira, amene anapanga zofuna kubwera kwa udindo wa akayidi andale. The protagonist aganiza kuti apite motsutsana ndi dongosolo Choncho, analengeza njala amenye. Kwa miyezi iwiri, iye kusandulika kwa munthu mu mafupa a.

Wotsogolera ndithu ndithu kusonyeza moyo akaidi. Onse ayambitsa kakasi, popanda ray pang'ono chiyembekezo. Si aliyense kuona filimu mpaka kumapeto, komanso kumvetsa mfundo kuti wotsogolera ankatanthauza. Mufilimuyi amatha aliyense unsettle.

Udindo wa khalidwe waukulu anapatsidwa Michael Fassbender. wosewera anali wokhoza kuti musonyeze mmene mukumvera njala, kuwulula maganizo masabata asanu otsiriza a moyo wake.