Wolemba, dissident Soviet mkaidi ndale Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich: Wambiri, zimaonetsa zinthu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich - mmodzi wa akaidi andale ambiri mu nyengo ya Soviet, amene anamwalira m'ndende. munthu uyu wachita zambiri kuchotsa dziko chizunzo ndale. Chifukwa kuti iye anapereka ufulu poyamba, ndiyeno moyo Anatoliy Tihonovich Marchenko. Wambiri, mphoto ndi mfundo zosangalatsa za wolemba - zonsezi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani.

Poti woyamba ndi kuthawa

Anatoly anabadwa mu Siberia mu 1938. bambo ake anali wakhama sitima. Wolemba m'tsogolo maphunziro grade 8, kenako ntchito mu mafuta makampani, migodi ndi kufufuza Maulendo. Kumayambiriro 1958, pambuyo brawl misa zimene zinachitika kogona ogwira ntchito, iye anagwidwa. Marchenko Anatoly sanapite nawo nkhondo, koma iye anaweruzidwa kuti akakhale kundende zaka ziwiri. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Anatoliy Tihonovich anathawa kundende. Atangochoka kupulumuka mu njuchi anabwera uthenga kumasulidwa kwake, komanso kuchotsa mbiri chigawenga. Anagwirizana ndi Presidium za Supreme Soviet la USSR. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1959 mpaka 1960, Anatoly Marchenko akungoyendayenda opanda mapepala m'dziko kukhala wokhutira ndi ntchito wosamvetseka.

Kuyesa kusiya USSR, kumangidwa atsopano

Marchenko anayesa kuthawa Soviet Union mu chaka cha 1960, iye anali womangidwa pa malire. bwalo analamula kuti zaka 6 m'ndende chifukwa woukira boma. Izo zinachitika March 3, 1961. Marchenko anali kutumikira chiganizo misasa andale a Mordovia ndi ndende Vladimir. Kenako anadwala, anataya bwinobwino.

Ankadziwa Daniel Yu ndi zina

Anatoliy Tihonovich linatulutsidwa mu November 1966. Iye anatulutsidwa kale mtima pomenyera ufulu wawo, ndi kuima mdani ulamuliro wa panopa ndi mfundo, kumutumikira. Anatoly Marchenko anakakhala ku dera Vladimir (Alexandrov), ntchito monga Komatsu a. Ngakhale m'ndendemo, anakumana Yuliem Danielem. wolemba anayambitsa iye oimira luntha dissident mu Moscow.

Anzanu ena atsopano, amene anali Larisa Bogoraz, mkazi wake, Anatoly Tikhonovich anathandiza kuchita zomwe ziri kwa - kulenga bukhu la ndende Soviet ndale ndi misasa ya m'ma 1960. "Umboni wanga" anamalizidwa mu chaka cha 1967. Achita otchuka kwambiri samizdat, ndipo patapita kanthawi zinatuluka kunja. Ntchito imeneyi latembenuzidwira zinenero European.

"Umboni wanga," ndi mtengo

Mwatsatanetsatane Maulendo umboni wa msasa ndale inasokoneza Musanyengedwe, amene anagawidwa mu USSR ndi mu West. Inde, ambiri pa nthawi ankakhulupirira kuti chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa, chiwawa poyera ndi kupondereza ndale ndi dissent m'mbuyomu atamwalira Stalin. Marchenko anali wokonzeka kudzagwira ntchito pa buku ili. Komabe, KGB sanayese n'komwe akuzipanga izo, wolemba anakonza am'thamangitsa kunyumba kunja. Ngakhale anakonza lamulo pa kulandidwa Marchenko Soviet nzika. Koma dongosolo chifukwa ena anali sizinakwaniritsidwe.

ntchito Journalistic, masiku latsopano

Anatoliy Tihonovich mu 1968, titayensa m'manja mwake publicist a. Nkhani zikuluzikulu zingapo mwa malemba ake mu mtundu wanyimbo la "Makalata lotseguka" anali woipa mtima chithandizo cha akayidi andale. Mu chaka chomwecho, pa July 22, analemba kalata lotseguka kwa anthu manyuzipepala ena ndi Soviet. Iwo anati kuopseza yimitsira wa Prague Spring mwa asilikali. Patapita masiku angapo Marchenko anamangidwa ku Moscow. Mlandu wake, ndi kuphwanya boma pasipoti. chakuti wakale akaidi saloledwa kukhala likulu zaka zimenezo. August 21, 1968 Marchenko analamulidwa kuti chaka chimodzi m'ndende. Iye anatumikira chiganizo cha m'dera Perm (Nyrobsky chilango msasa).

Madzulo a zotsatira nkhani yatsopano anayambitsa ndi Anatoly Tikhonovich. Iye analamulidwa ndi defamation Soviet dongosolo "sizopeka amiseche" akaidi. Mu August 1969 Marchenko m'ndende zaka ziwiri m'misasa.

Pambuyo kumasulidwa, mu 1971, Anatoliy Tihonovich anakakhala Kaluga Region (Tarusa), pamodzi ndi L. Bogoras, umene anakhala mkazi wake. Marchenko anali moyang'aniridwa ndi boma.

Woyamba njala kuponya Marchenko

Mu 1973, boma kachiwiri ankafuna kutumiza Anatoly kunja. Anakakamizika kulemba mawu pa emigration, kusokoneza nthawi ngati kulephera. Vuto limeneli anaphedwa February 1975. Marchenko Anatoly m'ndende zaka zinayi ukapolo chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo kuwayang'anira boma. Pomwepo akafika lingaliro ili, Anatoliy Tihonovich njala kuponya n'kulikweza kwa miyezi iwiri. Kenako anali ku ukapolo ku Irkutsk dera (m'mudzi Chuna).

Mitu ya utolankhani, MHG

Marchenko, ngakhale pamene ali mu ukapolo, anapitiriza ntchito journalistic ndi zolembalemba. Iye anafotokoza mbiri ya nkhani latsopano anatsegula kutsutsana naye, komanso anamperekeza ndondomeko koopsa buku lake lotchedwa "Kuchokera Tarusa kuti Chuny" imene inafalitsidwa mu New York mu 1976.

nkhani ina chosatha analenga Marchenko utolankhani ndi mavuto kuti "Munich" malamulo a appeasement la Soviet Union kuti democracies Western. Izi chinali chokwanira m'nkhani, Anatoly Tikhonovich "Tertium datur - lachitatu anapatsidwa", analengedwa mu 1976 ndi L. Bogoras. Olemba kutsutsa malangizo amene zoyambirira za 70s ndi kukhala mgwirizano wa mayiko. Iwo amalemekeza osati kwambiri lingaliro la detente chotero, koma ndi West womvetsa Union pa mfundo imeneyi.

Mu May 1976, Marchenko anaphatikizidwa Moscow Helsinki Gulu (Moscow Helsinki Gulu), koma sanatenge nawo mbali pa ntchito zake, chakuti iye anali mu ukapolo mu gawo chifukwa cha kusagwirizana zochokera Act Final anatengera pa msonkhano Helsinki.

Chiyambi cha buku latsopano

Anatoly Marchenko linatulutsidwa mu 1978 (pamene ndege ndi m'ndende chilamulo Soviet ali m'gulu akuti ngati tsiku limodzi atatu). Marchenko anakakhala ku dera Vladimir (Karabanovo), anagwira ntchito stoker kukatentha. Zosonkhanitsira mbiri ya samizdat "Memory" (kope lachitatu, 1978) panali mndandanda wa katundu wodzipereka kwa tsiku lakhumi la kutuluka kwa "umboni wanga." Komanso, mutu wa 2 wa buku latsopano Marchenko anaikidwa mu izo, "Live wonse." ntchito limeneli limafotokoza za mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "umboni wanga."

"Moyo ngati wina aliyense" ndi ndale journalistic nkhani

Kumayambiriro a 1981 Marchenko Anatoly anapitiliza kugwira ntchito pa bukhu, "Live wonse." Iye anali kukonzekera buku la izo, kuphimba nthawi kuchokera 1966 mpaka 1969. Pa nthawi yomweyo Anatoliy Tihonovich walenga angapo nkhani cholinga ndale ndi journalistic. Mmodzi wa iwo zoyenera kuopseza alowererepo Soviet asilikali zokhudza Poland pambuyo ulimi wa "Umodzi".

Last kumangidwa Marchenko

Pakuti nthawi chimodzi Marchenko Anatoly anamangidwa March 17, 1981. kumangidwa kumeneku anali womaliza kwa iye. nthawi iyi, akuluakulu a boma sanafune fabricate ndi "sanali ndale" Kuneneza. Anatoliy Tihonovich mlandu mukubwadamuka ndi mabodza ndi Soviet Union. Pomwepo atamangidwa ndi, Marchenko anati iye amakhulupirira KGB ndi CPSU mabungwe chigawenga ndipo sadzachita nawo pofufuza. Kumayambiriro September 1981 ndi Vladimir Court Regional analamula kuti zaka 10 m'misasa, komanso wotsatira nthawi Buku la zaka 5.

Andrei Sakharov, m'nkhani lake lotchedwa "Save Anatoly Marchenko," anaitana chiganizo "zosaneneka chiwawa" buku la za Gulag (Marchenko za pakati woyamba) ndipo 'undisguised abwezere "kwa mtima kwake, mphamvu ndi ufulu wa khalidwe ndi maganizo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Wolemba Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich kutumikira chiganizo pa magulu a zandale wa Perm. Akuluakulu pa nthawi zonse anamufunsa kuti kuvutitsidwa. Marchenko anali mosatsata makalata ndi maulendo, chifukwa chokhumudwitsa pang'ono anaika mu chipinda chilango. Zovuta kubwera Patapita zaka wolemba Anatoly Marchenko. Mlembi wa bukuli, ndithudi, akhala yoletsedwa. Mu December 1984, apolisi mwankhanza kumenya Anatoly Tikhonovich. Mu October 1985, chifukwa "kuyan'anila mwadongosolo" Marchenko unasamutsidwira kuyeza zambiri m'ndende zinthu Chistopol. Apa iye anayembekezera kudzipatula pafupifupi onse. Izi zikachitika, njala anakhalabe kuthekera yekha kukaniza. Otsiriza a iwo, motalika (masiku 117 nthawi), Marchenko anayamba August 4, 1986. Anatoly Tikhonovich lamulo anali kuthetsa nkhanza akaidi a zandale ku Soviet Union, anamasulidwa. Marchenko anaimitsa njala kuponya November 28, 1986. A masiku pang'ono zitachitika izo, iye mwadzidzidzi anadwala. Iye anatumidwa pa December 8 ndi alongo kuchipatala Anatoly Marchenko. yonena wake itha pa tsiku lomwelo, pofika madzulo. Zinali ndiye kuti wolemba anafa. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma imfa zinachitika chifukwa cha cardio-m'mapapo mwanga insufficiency.

Kuthana AT Marchenko

Marchenko anapambana, koma iye sakanakhoza afufuze za izo. msasa ndale pambuyo pa imfa yake kuti yathetsedwa. Zinali osati mosalephera chinthu, komanso mwachangu, monga Daniel anati. December 11, 1986 Anatoliy Tihonovich anaikidwa m'manda mu manda ku Chistopol. Patapita masiku 5 (pambuyo A. Sakharov, ukapolo academician, Mikhail Gorbachev otchedwa) anayamba nyengo yatsopano mu mbiri m'dziko lathu. Mwatsoka, moyo sanayembekezere Anatoly Marchenko mphoto. Mu 1988, iye anali atamwalira kupereka Mphoto. Sakharov.

ntchito zake inayamba kusindikizidwa kwawo kuyambira 1989. Anatoly Marchenko, amene awerenga bukuli, ndipo mpaka lero moyo wanga wonse kumenyana chilungamo. Ndi msonkho kwa munthu wamkulu uyu.