Wosewera Fyodor Volkov: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Iye ankatchedwa "injini ya cikhalidwe", "tate wa zisudzo Russian," ndipo dzina lake kuvala ndime ndi M. V. Lomonosovym.

Wambiri Fedora Volkova

Fedor Grigorevich Volkov anabadwa m'tauni yaing'ono ya dera Kostroma. Iye anachokera ku banja ogulitsa. Atate wa wosewera m'tsogolo anafa pamene iye anali adakali mwana. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, mayi wake (Marya Yakovlevna) Posachedwapa anakumana adzakhale mwamuna wake ndi akwatira kachiwiri, kenako banja lonse anakakhala Yaroslavl. Fedor Polushkin (Fedi bambo) anali wamalonda ndipo anali zomera zingapo.

maphunziro

mnyamatayo anaphunzitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba ku mbusa wakumeneko ndi kale mu makalasi izi kuonetsera luso lawo m'madera osiyana. Mimbulu anayamba ali wamng'ono kuthandiza bambo ake mu ntchito. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndi Saint - Petersburg mnyamata akukumana oyambirira. Apa choyamba amaona sewero la Italy, German ndipo Russian staging zisudzo. Akuona mnyamata wochangamuka maganizo ndi kuti aphunzire, Polushkin ngakhale anaganiza Theodore wolowa ndi m'malo mwa moyo wake. Mabanja akupita bwino, ndipo Fedor Polushkin bwino analandira osati mwana wamng'ono, komanso ena abale ake.

Kupitiriza kuphunzira Volkova anatumizidwa ku Moscow, ku sukulu ya. Apa anaphunzitsidwa Chilamulo cha Mulungu, German ndi masamu. Mnyamatayo anali ndi propensity kwambiri kuphunzira zilankhulo, ndi German katswiri ku ungwiro. Kale pa nthawi imeneyo Fedor ndi chimwene nawo zisudzo ed, unachitikira Academy. Ankasewera pa Khirisimasi mu masewero, comedies ndiponso mavuto. Mnyamatayo anali wolemekezeka kwa anzake matalente osati zawo, komanso malingaliro tikuyamba ndi kuganiza, luso mosavuta asinthe.

Pamene zaka Fedoru Volkovu 17, Polushkin wasankha kumtumizako kuphunzira mlandu ndi malonda. Fyodor Volkov anapita ku St. Petersburg ndipo pali zoti mu ofesi German. Ndi apa kuti mnyamata kugwa m'chikondi ndi zisudzo, ndipo ngakhale akufuna kutsegula zisudzo kudziko lakwawo - mu Yaroslavl, kumene iye akanakhoza kuika mawu a ntchito Russian zachikhalidwe. Petersburg ndi zomangamanga chinathandiza mapangidwe kukoma ndi tanthauzo la kukongola. Apa Volkov amapanga zithunzi, zitsanzo ndi zojambula, amene kenako kupanga maziko anamanga la zamasewero. Wosewera Fyodor Volkov, amene zithunzi Tingaone mu nkhaniyi, ngakhale ndiye simukanati mulingalire tsogolo langa popanda zilandiridwenso. Izi ndiye zimene zinacitika.

munapanga loyamba

Wosewera Fyodor Volkov (tsiku lobadwa ndi February 20, 1729) pa zaka 19 palibe thandizo makolo - bambo ake anamwalira. Zotsatira Polushkin mnyamata masamba mafakitale awo. Pambuyo kalembera katundu ndi kupeza ufulu wodzilamulira ndalama Fyodor Volkov chidwi kwambiri mu zisudzo. Iye akuyamba ndi wake zisudzo abwenzi siteji, kuchita ulaliki mu khola, kumene kale kusungidwa katundu. Mu June 1950, linanena bungwe kuwala kwa masewero awiri, nyimbo imene unalembedwa yekha Volkov ( "Esther" ndi "Evmon ndi Berfa"). Anthu akumeneko anayamikira zilandiridwenso la matalente wamng'ono, ndipo posakhalitsa Fedor amalowerera kupeza ogula m'dziko mkulu. Voivod Musin-Pushkin ndi mwininyumba Mike zoperekedwa kwa anthu a m'gulu mkulu kupereka chithandizo kwa zisudzo wokhala ndi kuwachirikiza zimafunitsitsa kumanga ndi zisudzo, kumene anthu onse mzinda iliyonse nthawi yocheza akusangalala zisudzo.

Fyodor Volkov zisudzo monga ngati kutulo

Kumayambiriro a 1751 kutsegula kwa zisudzo udzachitika, ndiwo za zisudzo "Tito Mercy", Volkov anawamasulira ku Italy. The zisudzo nyimbo nambala yaikulu masewero, ndipo kenako motsogozedwa ndi Fedora Volkova ntchito zisudzo ambiri otchuka.

kutchuka

owonetsera wotchuka wa mzinda Yaroslavl anakula tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo posakhalitsa mbiri yake anabwera Mfumukazi yekha. Pa nthawi imeneyi kufunika kukhazikitsa boma la zisudzo anakula, amene anali kugwirizana ndi luso pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kutchuka kwa dziko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamakono European. Elizaveta Petrovna ankafuna otsimikiza kuti muchione maso onse. Kumayambiriro 1952, wosewera Fyodor Volkov kale anapereka zisudzo ku St. Petersburg. Pabwaloli izo nyimbo sewero lanthabwala "Pa kulapa kwa munthu wochimwa" tsoka "Horev", "Sinai Truvor", "Hamlet" ndi ena. Kulola Mfumukazi Theatre wakhala si ankafuna, ndipo Volkov mofulumira anakhala wojambula bwalo ndi kuimba pa siteji akatswiri. Anyamata a Fedor chomwecho powonekera (kwambiri luso) anatumiza maphunziro Cadet, ndi ena - kunyumba ndi mphoto. Abale Volkov komanso kupeleka chidwi, anali ndinalembetsa maphunziro a Cadet Corps ku St. Petersburg.

Education mu thupi umadutsa pulogalamu kuzikonzanso, zisudzo ankaphunzira osati muyezo wa mwambo: iwonso kuphunzira zilankhulo, sayansi ndi olimbitsa njira ed wa kungotchula. Pa kuphunzitsa cadets kulandira malipiro.

Russian zisudzo anthu

Mu August 1756 Mfumukazi inaika lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Russian zisudzo anthu. Yopangidwa ndi zisudzo Russian anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi bwalo zisudzo analipo. Chakuti anthu onse a mumzindawo, ndiponso mmene sewerolo linaperekedwa. wotsogolera zisudzo tisonyezeni A. P. Sumarokova. Fyodor Volkov anakhala wosewera chachikulu ndi wotsogolera wothandizira. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya Sumarokova m'malo iye positi (1761).

talente wosewera wa

Pakuti Volkov anali atathana mutu wa tragedian mkulu wa bwalo lamasewera. Ndi bwino kwambiri anamupatsa udindo anali kusewera ambiri (Mwachitsanzo, American mu "kachisi wa ukoma" wa Hamlet, motsogoleredwa ndi Jaropolk "Jaropolk ndi Demiza" ndi ena). Koma osachepera anali kusewera bwino ndi comedic maudindo. Chotero osiyanasiyana talente anali osowa dera ed. Chikhalidwe cha wosewera waukulu masewera amasiyana pa zinthu izi. Iye ndi wabwino kwambiri ndipo ankatha wa zisudzo, ankadziwa malamulo ake onse ndi malamulo. Zimenezi zinkathandiza kuti nthawi zina kutsatira malamulo okhazikika ndi kusewera pa chifuniro. Popeza talente yake, Sumarokov analemba maudindo ambiri kwa iye, zomwe zinapatsidwa kwa iye mosavuta ndi masamba chidwi pa amaonetsa lapansi. Volkova otchedwa kwambiri ndi wosewera yabwino ya bwalo lamasewera. talente wake unali mwa anthu amenewa wolemekezeka wa nthawi, monga D. I. Fonvizinym, J. Stehlin, N. I. Novikovym, G. R. Derzhavinym ndi ena. Volkov ndiye ndi zosachepera khumi ndi zisanu masewero osiyana.

ndalama zina Volkova

Luso Fedora Volkova si zisudzo, ndi kufalikira ku madera ena. Iye anali ziboliboli kwambiri - chosema achifumu chipata pa mpingo St. Nicholas Nadeinskoy mu Yaroslavl zasintha iwo. Iye anapanga nsangalabwi kugwira a Peter Wamkulu. Zojambulajambula Fedor analinso mwaluso ndipo analemba zambiri za zithunzi.

Mu 1759 Fyodor Volkov, amene mbiri inayamba mu tauni yaing'ono ya dera Kostroma, akupita ku Moscow kwa kusinthika kwa Moscow zisudzo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, zimatengera zisudzo ochepa ku St. Petersburg.

Ntchito ndale

Wosewera Fyodor Volkov anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo ndale za dziko. Iye anatenga gawo mu chiwonongeko cha Peter III. Iye anachita ntchito ya mlangizi kwa Mfumukazi Catherine, ndipo maferu yadamala ndi inalowa ufumu. Amayamikira Ekaterina Volkova anamangidwa mu amazikonda anthu otchuka. Komabe, ngakhale moyandikana ndi khoti ndipo anthu ambiri Catherine Alekseevna, Volkov sanathe kupewa kukhala munthu wa boma adakhalabe woona yekha, wolowa ntchito moyo wake - zamasewero. Iye anakana malo Minister nduna, komanso dongosolo la St. Andreya Pervozvannogo, yemwe iye ankafuna mphoto Mfumukazi.

Personal moyo Volkova

Ndi mutu choncho anapereka miyoyo yawo ndi ndalama pa izo nthawi zonse, Fyodor Volkov alibe banja.

Abale Theodore anapereka knighthood chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwake kwa Mama ndi Mfumukazi Catherine.

"Zazikulu Minerva"

Pa nthawi ya inalowa mpando wachifumu Catherine II anaganiza bungwe chikondwerero chachikulu mu Moscow. chochitika anali pa Pancake sabata, pamene mzinda anapita Nthabwala ndi anachereza anthu. Chochitika ichi, Volkov wawakonzera ntchito ed monga masquerade, amene ankatchedwa "zazikulu Minerva". Akamanena za nkhaniyo anali kufotokozera anthu kuti Kulandidwa kwa Peter III anali wotchuka kwambiri, ndi chimwemwe kwa anthu, ndipo atayamika kusintha boma chilungamo angapambane. Chiphunzitso cha Mfumukazi latsopano akutamandidwa kupambana kwa Minerva (Minerva - mulungu wa nzeru ndi chilungamo, woyang'anira za luso, sayansi ndi zamanja). Poona izi, Volkov anatha kusonyeza kwambiri maluso awo ndi apeze anthu ena. Mnthawi phwando, ndi wosewera chachikulu chinali chimfine ndi akudwala malungo. Mu April 1763, iye anamwalira.

Fedora Volkova anaikidwa kumanda pafupi agulupa Androneva, koma pamene Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, agulupa anawonongedwa ndi m'pamene malo manda kwambiri wosewera anali atayika. Ngakhale, mu manda ku Yaroslavl anaika chikwangwani cha chikumbutso polemekeza wosewera wotchuka.