Wotchuka kwambiri ndi odziwika mtundu wa galu

The galu anali mmodzi wa nyama woyamba kuŵetedwa mwa munthu, ndipo m'mbuyomu mfundo imeneyi ochepa zana chikwi, anali asanakhalepo, madzi anagawanika. Ndipo ngati pa siteji kumayambiriro timeneti tailed ndi wochenjera zinayi miyendo, makolo athu anawaona ngati othandizira, ndipo ngakhale podya nyama chakudya, ndi khungu - zovala, koma lero iwo ali anthu ambiri a ife achibale ndi mabwenzi abwino. Komanso, agalu ambiri kuswana wakhala nkhani ya moyo. Choncho chidwi kuti tipeze chimene wotchuka galu mtundu, ndi angati a iwo onse anachokera, ndipo zinawoneka ngati anthu loyamba subspecies izi.

Othandiza oyamba

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti agalu anali kuŵetedwa za 135 zikwi zapitazo makolo awo anali mimbulu ndi mimbulu. Pankhaniyi, pali maganizo oti osati munthu akuyesera kuti zikhale nkhandwe, koma nyama okha, pa zifukwa sizinathe Mukalongosola, anasiya ziweto zawo ndi kupita moyo kuyandikira kwa anthu. Atafufuza pofukula, mtundu woyamba wa galu, ayipanga m'nyengo Paleolithic ku Israel, Iraq ndi Syria, anali 60 cm, ndi ambiri ting'onoting'ono (wamfupi kusiyana 45 cm) ankakhala ku Switzerland, mu France, Spain ndi Germany. Agalu lalikulu, ponso zoposa 60 cm, kuda awo anapezeka pa zofukulidwa a m'midzi pa dera la makono Germany, Russia ndi Ukraine.

Gawo

Kodi nthawi yomweyo kudziŵika kuti mawu akuti "thanthwe" - osati mwangwiro zootechnical. chakuti mulinso mfundo za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Makamaka, Aristotle mu umodzi wa zolemba zake kufotokoza chimene Mitundu agalu ali ku Greece. Komabe, m'zaka zimenezi anali zimagawidwa makamaka pa malo pamene iwo anali ayipanga. Kenako mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchuluka, ndipo kenako anayamba kusiyanitsa mtundu wawo. Ndi nkhani ya zimene zikuchitika tsopano lino m'dera lino mu dziko lathu, ndi magulu 10 tikambirana Europe:

• penyani ndi kusamala agalu;
• chindapusa;
• hounds;
• abusa;
• apolisi;
• terriers;
• huskies ndi retrievers;
• spaniels ndi retrievers;
• Companion agalu;
• Chidole Agalu;
• greyhounds.

Tsopano funso Mitundu angati galu kulibe konse. Pano ayenera kuti bungwe la International Federation ya handlers galu panopa amazindikira 339 Mitundu. Chotero ambiri ndi china chosonyeza chidwi kuchuluka kwa anthu awo anayi-miyendo anzake asonyeza kwa zaka zambiri.

Makhalidwe anatengera kwa mtundu canine Mitundu

Musanayambe galu, muyenera kudziwa choti posankha. Makamaka, zotsatirazi Mitundu:

• ulamuliro;
• okhutira wa nyumba ya;
• kuphunzira;
• kufunika kwa ntchito;
• Kuvuta chithandizo;
• zinachitikira mwini;
• Ngakhale ndi ana;
• luso penyani;
• ufulu;
• mlingo wa molting;
• waubwenzi;
• chizolowezi kukuwa;
• amayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo.

Choncho, kusankha mtundu, onani amene ali abwino kwambiri kwa banja makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, Dobermanns chofunika maola ambiri zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo si kusankha bwino mabanja ndi ana, ndi poodle akhoza kukhala mnzake wapamtima kwa ana, koma ndalama za kusamalira akhoza kupanga ni mu bajeti ndi ndalama pafupifupi.

agalu kusaka

Ngakhale masewera lero chabe zana la peresenti ya ng'ombe zakudya anthu monga mtundu wonse wa Agalu amene analenga kuthandiza alenje, anthu ambiri ngakhale lero. Total wa 45. mayina Ndipo mwa iwo ndi miyala wakale, ngati ali watsopano linachokera zaka 200-300 zapitazo ndipo kale. Komanso, ena agalu miyambo kusaka amatengedwa kuti chitetezo lero. Ndipotu, ambiri a iwo pafupifupi alibe nawo kufunafuna nyama zakutchire. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, panthawi odziwika mtundu wa agalu chifukwa kusaka - Labrador Retriever.

anzake kwambiri pamene kuthamangitsa masewera alinso greyhounds, dachshund, Bloodhounds, Russian Borzoi, wofalitsa ndi ena.

Dog Kubweretsa kwa Protection

Munthu woyamba kuŵetedwa nyama poyamba ithandiza mwini za kusaka ndi kuteteza moyo wake ndi kunyumba. Ndipo lero anthu ambiri akufuna kudziwa mmene amatchedwa mtundu galu kuti bwino yosayenera cholinga ichi. Dog handlers kuti malo oyamba mu kusanja agalu chitetezo kuteteza m'nyumba, ndithudi, wa German ndipo Caucasus Shepherd, Giant Schnauzer, Moscow watchdog ndi ALABAY. Ngati amaganiza kuti galu adzakhala yaing'ono, ndi bwino kusankha anthu linali la mitundu monga ankhonya ndi, mzimbe Corso, Rottweiler kapena Doberman. Kupereka lingaliro la Dog ndi, m'pofunika tikambirane za ena a iwo mwatsatanetsatane:

• German Shepherd. Monga anati, "zabwino, zabwino, koposa" Mitundu agalu kuteteza - abusa kale agalu, zabweretsa ku ngodya zosiyanasiyana lathuli. Makamaka, M'busa German zedi mphamvu, dexterity ndi nzeru. Komabe, mosavuta ophunzitsidwa ndi odzipereka kwambiri kwa mbuye wake, amene ali okonzeka kuteteza ngakhale pa mtengo wa moyo wake.

• Caucasus Shepherd. Mtundu wa galu mwapadera anabweretsa kwa chitetezo katundu ndi ziweto. Iye akukhulupirira eni ndi banja lake ndi chirichonse kuwateteza. Koma galu akatswiri akuchenjeza kuti amusiye iye ndi mwana kungakhale kokha pansi pa chikhalidwe chimenecho iwo anakulira limodzi.

• Chimphona Schnauzer. Izi ndi wochenjera ndipo omvera agalu kuti sadzakhala auwe popanda chifukwa, koma nthawi zonse kuonetsa kuukira iliyonse pa nkhondo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo amabadwa alenje ndi kuyenda mukhoza kupita pambuyo mphaka kapena gologolo, amene adzakhala mu munda wawo wa masomphenya.

galu kumenyana

Anakhalabe umboni incontrovertible kuti ngakhale zaka 6,000 zapitazo, agalu anali pankhondo. Aroma akale kuvala agalu oterowo zipolopolo ndi wapadera makolala spiky kuti musataye mdani wa asilikali anayi-miyendo akathyole makosi awo, ndi kulanda dziko la Egypt ndi Aperisi ankaimba lalikulu udindo mastiff. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, anthu a Asuri amakonda agalu nkhondo amene anali monga loyipa monga greyhounds m'munsili ulendo wa Scandinavia.

Ndipo lero, mu magulu ankhondo a mayiko ambiri mayunitsi m'chinyumba ichi ndi agalu. Makamaka, ife tonse tikudziwa kuti agalu ndi athandizi kwambiri sappers, ndi asilikali malire, kwangokhala irreplaceable pamene detaining olakwa. Wotchuka galu Mitundu (ndi zithunzi angapezeke m'munsimu) kunyamula usilikali m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia - m'busa German, Doberman ndipo ndi retriever golide.

agalu sled

Agalu amayambitsa Husky, Samoyed ndi Malamute kwa zaka 8000 ntchito mphamvu kusodza kwa sleds ulendo chisanu ndi ayezi. Chimene mtundu wa galu Mitundu anali zimaŵetedwa ku dziko lathu la mayendedwe a anthu ndi katundu, iwo ali ochepa: Yenisei, Gilyak Kamchatka, Yakutsk, Anadyr ndi Chukotka. Mwa njira, pano n'koyenera kukumbukira odziwika "Great chikondi mtundu", umene unapangidwa bungwe mu 1925 ndipo chakupulumutsa mazana a ana kuyambira odana ndi diphtheria seramu anabweretsedwa ku Alaska galu sledding.

Lero, mwina zoyendera sikawirikawiri ntchito, koma nthawi zonse bungwe masewera osiyanasiyana ndi agalu sled.

fluffy kwambiri galu: zimasokoneza

Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse, ngakhale ndithu zaka olemekezeka kupembedza zidole zofewa. Ndipo pamene chozizwitsa ndi zosangalatsa kuthamanga kwa msonkhano, akugwedeza mchira wake, ndiye sipakanakhala wina angakane. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pali nthawi zambiri za anthu amene akufuna kukhala ndi fluffy galu.

Mwa njira zimene akhoza wodwala, timafunika wapadera kutchula bobtail, chow-chow ndipo mwamtheradi wokongola Bichon Frize. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi Chitibeta mastiff - ndi fluffy galu. mtundu uwu imodzi ya yakale kwambiri mu dziko ndipo kupangidwa ndi Chibuda Chimonko, amene ankafuna othandizira pa maulendo awo ku HimalayasI.

zimaswana lapdogs

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mwa otchedwa madona otsogola ankaona yapamwamba kuonekera pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi anakuwa molira ting'onoting'ono kukhala pa dzanja. Ndipo slimmer kuposa galu, yapamwamba kwambiri nacho icho. Koma lalikulu, Mitundu wotchuka kwambiri agalu kuti abwino ngakhale zazing'ono nyumba, monga Shih Tzu, Coton de A Tulear, Pekingese, Pomeranian ndi ena, ngakhale ntchito ndi zamaganizo mankhwala, chifukwa iwo angasonyeze eni pa mkhalidwe maganizo. Iwo yodziwika ndi kukula yaing'ono ndi khalidwe kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ena oimira Parodi chiwawa kulemera ga 500 okha pa 10-15 cm msinkhu.

Ambiri lalikulu agalu zimasokoneza

Big, wamphamvu ndi okhulupirika bwenzi - kodi bwino? Komabe, lalikulu mtundu agalu nyumba mu boma muli banja lililonse. Choyamba, amene angayerekeze kuti muyambe Neapolitan, English kapena mastiffs Chitibeta, Borzoi Russian, ku Central Asia, Mbusa Wamkulu Dane ndi zimphona zina, konzekerani kuwononga ndalama pa chakudya chawo. Komanso, agalu amenewa ayenera kukhala mipata yokwanira ndi kuwasunga iwo mu pafupi m'tawuni nyumba - ndi chabe wodyerana. Ndipo potsiriza, iwo ayenera kuyenda tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo, monga asamapereke chimawononga thupi lawo.

agalu Kupulumutsidwa

Chifukwa kukhala yapaderayi fungo, komanso mphamvu ndi kupirira, abwenzi zinayi miyendo munthu akhala ntchito ngati kupulumutsidwa ku mapiri, pa madzi, moto komanso zinthu zina mwadzidzidzi.

Iwo anali kudzipatula ngakhale ofunika kwambiri amene anthu kwa zaka zathandiza kuti apulumuse anthu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, St. Bernards zikugwira amayenda ulendo kupulumutsidwa ndi okwera m'mapiri m'zaka za m'ma 17, ngati iwo angathe kumva kufika kwa chigumukire, ndipo akhoza kupeza yosokera kapena kuvulala othamanga ndi alendo. Koma wotchuka kwambiri kupulumutsidwa agalu kawetedwe - ndi, ndithudi, Newfoundland, kapena diver. nyama zimenezi saopa chisanu ndi amatha tiwolokere ku madzi ngakhale pa kutentha pang'ono pamwamba 0 digiri. Chifukwa cha kuswana pakati pa zala zawo pa mapazi anali Ngati a Bakha, ndi pamaso pa atumwi wachitatu, ndi kapangidwe wapadera makutu ndi yoteroyo kulola nyama kuti kuyenda pansi pa madzi kuti akuya 30 mamita ndi kudutsa mtunda wa 20 Km. Komanso, Newfoundland kwina kusaka nzeru imene m'malo mwa kufuna kudumphira m'madzi ndi kukokera munthu ambafamba pansi.

Iwo mbali zina za Mitundu odziwika bwino kwambiri agalu

Chaka chilichonse anthu ambiri kubereka yokha ziweto anayi-miyendo. The Mitundu wotchuka kwambiri agalu kuti Kawirikawiri amasankhidwa nzika - ndi English Cocker Spaniel, Pug ndi Yorkshire wachizungu. Apa ndi makhalidwe awo chachikulu:

• Yorkshire Terriers. agalu awa ndi wansangala kwambiri ndi sociable khalidwe, amene ndi mnzake kwambiri. Komabe, angapo palokha chilengedwe nthawi zina amakhala cholepheretsa maphunziro awo. Mwa ubwino angathe kukumbukira kuti bwino ndi ziweto zina, koma akuyesera kuti aziwalamulira, ngakhale powasamalira kusiyana kukula. Ngati ana akukhala m'nyumba, eni alibe nkhawa, monga nyama zimenezi osalimba sangasankhe kuwonongeka kwa ana. M'malo mwake, chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kuti ana kusamalira mnzanu anayi-miyendo.

• Pug. Pugs, makamaka zaka pakati - nyama zimenezi ndi waulesi kwambiri ndi bata, amene kawirikawiri anawona atavala mozungulira nyumba ya. Chifukwa khalidwe limeneli amaonedwa anzake abwino okalamba, zikubweretsa anayeza moyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo sadzalekerera payekha, choncho anthu amene akupereka nthawi pang'ono kunyumba, ndi bwino kusankha galu wa mtundu wina uliwonse.

• English Cocker Spaniel. agalu awa ndi anzeru kwambiri choncho mosavuta ophunzitsidwa. Komabe, anthu ena mukufuna makungwa, chomwe chingathe kubweretsa mavuto ndi anansi. Choncho, anthu a nyumba ndi zoipa phokoso kutchinjiriza ayenera kuganizira mwakuya musanayambe izi Pet kuleza opindika m'makona. vuto lina za mtundu umenewu - ndi kufunikira kwa zosemphana zonse. chakuti tsitsi agalu mosavuta losapesa ngati si iye kukhala kusamaliridwa nthawi zonse ndi mosamala.

Kawirikawiri ndi pangozi zimasokoneza

Ngati Galuwamkulu, spaniel, galu, Sheepdog, kapena Dalmatians angapezeke mu bwalo lina lililonse, leonberger, levhena kapena Brussels Griffon ndinawona umodzi okha. Choncho, kupeza zimene wotchuka kwambiri galu mtundu, tiyenera kufunsa zimene agalu n'zochepa kapena pangozi Mabaibulo analenga pamene galu breeder.

• New Guinea kuimba. agalu awa ndi zaka zoposa 30 sauzande, tinkakhala kudzipatula wonse akutali a Papua New Guinea, ndipo palibe mmodzi wa iwo sanali kudziwa mpaka 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Iwo zogwirizana ndi dzina lachiwiri la mtundu uwu, umene zikumveka ngati "galu wa Age Stone."

• Sholoittskuintli. mtundu umenewu anayamba kupanga nthawi ya ulamuliro wa wakale chitukuko Indian la Mexico, ndipo mbiri yake amabwerera zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu. nthumwi zake ndi wokongola zachilendo, chifukwa thupi lawo kupatula mutu, pafupifupi lopanda tsitsi.

• Czechoslovakian Wolfdog. Agalu izi wakale mbadwa mitundu European kukhala pafupi ndi nkhandwe onse mu maonekedwe ena. Aliyense amakhulupirira kuti iwo ali wapakatikati pakati pa mamembala yakuthengo ya mtundu wawo, ndipo abusa German.

• Bergamo m'busa galu. Izi galu m'busa wakhala zimaŵetedwa ku Alps ndipo zimaonetsa shaggy kwambiri. Komanso, agalu awa sangakhale ndi vuto moult ndi okhulupirika kwambiri eni.

• Kadzutsa valhaund. agalu amenewa anali ogwira kamodzi wokhulupirika ndi Viking makina yokopa awo ndi mmene asayansi-galu akatswiri amakhulupirira mbiri ya mtundu umenewu amabwerera zaka zoposa 1000. Komanso, valhaundov amaphunzitsidwa kuonetsetsa kuti anali kudya msipu ng'ombe ndi makoswe anawononga nyumba za ambuye awo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe Mitundu agalu pa dziko ndi wayang'ana ngati agalu woyamba kuŵetedwa.