Dialectics ndi metaphysics ngati otsutsana mfundo

Dialectics ndi metaphysics sizilingana mfundo nzeru zaumunthu, koma njira zawo amaonedwa zofunikira kumvetsa dziko. Zikhulupiriro Awa osokoneza ndithu, ndi kuyambira pa chiyambi ake akhala zina zamoyo zinachita njira, koma kosiyana inachokera mu mbiri ya nzeru. Iwo zigwirizana wa kuchuluka kwa njira zosiyanasiyana amayamba ndi malingaliro ambiri wa chilengedwe chonse. Taganizirani zimene mawu awa kuima nanga kusiyana njira zawo.

Lingaliro la dialectics anayambitsa Socrates, iye ananena mawu ochokera mneni "kukambirana", "nkhani", ndi chifukwa kuti wabwera zitanthauza luso la kulankhula, Mtsutso, kuzitsutsa. Iye akhapidziwa kuti kulimbana pakati pa maganizo awiri ( "okayikitsa" - zikutanthauza awiri ndi "lekton" - mu lingaliro) kumabweretsa choonadi. Kenako, Plato anayamba njira imeneyi, kukhulupirira kuti njira dialectical Chili komanso amayang'ana zachikunja, zikubweretsa amenewa. Komanso akuti anthu kunakhala kugwirizana ndi kuphunzira moyo.

Zosowa zakale dialectic, woyambitsa amene anali Heraclitus, ndi tanthauzo latsopano. Iwo imasonyeza chisonyezo zonse ndondomeko zimene tikuphunzira zonse. Wafilosofi wakale amanena kuti mfundo kuti masiyanidwe a zinthu zosiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo wawo, monga chinthu chokwawa alipo ndipo kulibe nthawi yomweyo (mu maganizo ake, "sikutheka kulowa kawiri madzi omwewo").

Panopa dialectic zikutanthauza chiphunzitso cha regularities ndi malamulo chitukuko cha anthu ndi chilengedwe zomwe ndi zochokera kunja ndi mkati kulumikizika zinthu zonse, gulu lawo zonse ndi chitukuko. Ndipo chitukuko amatanthauza Mkhalidwe, mwachitsanzo imfa ya okalamba ndi zikamera wa munthu watsopano kotheratu. kusintha Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti aliyense chodabwitsa ali mitengo iwiri, ndi kulumikiza negate mnzake (mwachitsanzo, amuna ndi akazi).

Tsopano ife tiphunzire dialectics ndi metaphysics amasiyana. Nyengo yathu chachiwiri poyamba anatanthauza ntchito nthanthi ya Aristotle, kenako kwa nthawi yaitali pansi kuti amvetse dziko ndi mfundo za moyo umene akhala kuzindikiridwa mothandizidwa ndi mfundo yosavuta. Ndiye akamabadwa anapereka mtengo zoipa (poyerekeza ndi nzeru) chifukwa tanthauzo lake si lifanane ndi lingaliro latsopano la zinthu, ndipo mawu anatchedwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana zimene sagwirizana ndi zinachitikira.

Gululi njira imeneyi kukhulupirira kuti zinthu zonse ndi zinthu umanena chabe ndipo gulu lililonse ndipo palibe zotsutsana. Development adaziwona yekha mu msinkhu (kuchuluka) zilipo wosasintha katundu wa zinthu mchikakamizo cha mphamvu Link (mwachitsanzo, mbeu - chomera mu Chiyambi chake ndi khalidwe iwo sasintha). Apa dialectics ndi metaphysics amasiyana maganizo awo mbali zosiyana. Komanso, nthaka boma la zinthu, maganizo awo - ndi mtendere umene zitha kubweretsa akunja kulowelera (mulungu).

Monga mmene taonera, dialectic ndi metaphysics kusiyana kwambiri pankhani za chitukuko cha zinthu zake, kugwira ntchito mogwirizana kwa zinthu ndi gulu lawo.