Woyimira boma ndi udindo wa bwanamkubwa mu Ufumu wa Roma

Kale ku Roma, pachiyambi ndi chisokonezo chinali cha iwo omwe amatchedwa procurator (lat). Poyambirira iwo anali antchito omwe ankayang'anira madera. Kwa nthawi, tanthauzo la mawu lasintha. Panali malo olemekezeka a boma: woyimira boma ndi bwanamkubwa wa chigawochi kapena mutu wa chuma cha mfumu.

Kusintha kwa positi:

• Mtumiki, kapolo kapena womasulidwa kumayendedwe a mbuye akhoza kuyang'anira madera akumidzi a mbuye wake.
• Pakati pa zaka 27 ndi 14 BC. Emperor August adayambitsa ndondomeko yatsopano ya zachuma, kuonjezera kufunika kwa kusonkhanitsa msonkho. Panali akuluakulu omwe ankatchedwa apolisi ndi maboma.
• Pansi pa a Emirates Adrian (117 - 138) osumawo adapeza zofunikira za boma. Iwo anabwera kuchokera ku kalasi ya okwera pamahatchi, omwe pambuyo pa a Senators anali ndi udindo wachiwiri kwambiri. Kwa wokwera, bwanamkubwa ndi ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ntchito.
• Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Claudius (41 - 44), kufunika kwa positi kunakula kwambiri. Tsopano woweruzayo ndi wolemera komanso woweruza.

Chiwerengero cha Ntchito Yopanga Ntchito

• Woyang'anira nyumba ya mfumu, yemwe anali ndi maudindo, malo ogulitsa, kusungirako zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
• Mutu wa Chancellery.
• Ofesi ya msonkho, yomwe inkayang'anira msonkho wa msonkho m'madera.
• Woyimira boma ndi wolamulira wachizungu ndi wazembe wa zigawo.

Ntchito za Procurator

Igawidwa mu magawo awiri:

1. Ndalama za ndalama, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutsatira malamulo a msonkho. Makamaka, iwo amapereka kulipira kwa asilikali ogwira ntchito m'madera, mapepala awo omwe amapatsidwa.

2. Mabwanamkubwa a maiko akuyang'anira ufulu waukulu. Mu manja awo munali mphamvu zachuma, kayendetsedwe ndi maweruziro. Chotsatiracho chinachitika pamene mphamvu yapadera ya mfumu inaperekedwa.

Chigawo cha Yudeya

Iyo inakhazikitsidwa mu zaka zachisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo inali gawo la Syria. Mzinda wake unali Kaisareya. Icho chinali mmenemo anali bwanamkubwa wachiroma. Chinthu choyamba chimene chachitika ndi chiwerengero cha anthu kuti amvetse misonkho ku Rome.

Mtsogoleri wachisanu wa Yudea (26-36 AD)

Iye amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha Uthenga Wabwino, buku la "The Master and Margarita" ndi nkhani ya A. Frans "Woyang'anira Yudea". Josephus amachititsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yonyenga. Koma zopezeka zamakono za akatswiri a mbiriyakale (1961) zikusonyeza kuti iye anali mtsogoleri. Makhalidwe a Pilato kwa zaka 2000 adadzala ndi nthano.

Kodi "Pontiyo" ndi "Pilato" amatanthauza chiyani?

Ndipotu, linali dzina lachibadwa kapena, monga momwe tinganene masiku ano, dzina lachilendo. Pulosi wotchedwa Pontiyo, yemwe mwachionekere anali wochokera m'banja lachiroma, anapanga ntchito yaikulu ndipo analamulira Yudeya. Dzina la wosuma mulandu Pilato limamasulira kuti "wokwera ndi mkondo".

Umunthu wa Pilato

Wosuma mlandu Pilato anali wovuta kwambiri, osati wachiwawa, wolamulira. Anthuwo anachititsidwa manyazi chifukwa chonyansidwa ndi zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo yawo yachipembedzo, oponderezedwa ndi misonkho. Zonsezi zinayambitsa maonekedwe a Messiah mu malo amodzi. Kumbuyo kwawo kunali anthu. Nthawi zina iwo amapita ku chipululu, anagwidwa ndi Aroma, nthawi zina amenyedwa ndi magulu a ma legionari, anawonongedwa. Owerenga anadandaula m'makalata kwa mfumu kuti Pilato analandira milandu popanda kuimbidwa mlandu, nkhanza.

Pilato ndi Khristu

Ndipo apa pali mesiya watsopano yemwe sangathe kuyankha mafunso a Sanhedrin, yemwe akudziyesa kuti ali mfumu. Ndiwo kalipentala wamba yemwe sanaphunzire, ndipo omwe sakudziwa kuwerenga ndi asodzi. Kudana kwake ndi Afarisi ophunzira, amene adadziwa ndi kutanthauzira Pangano, omwe sanamudziwe, amamveka. Mwachibadwa, Kayafa adafuna imfa ya Mesiya wonyenga. Pontiyo Pilato anakana kupha katatu katatu, koma kenako anakakamizidwa kuti apereke. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dzina lake likuphatikizidwa mu "Chizindikiro cha Chikhulupiriro", pemphero la tsiku ndi tsiku la Akhristu. Iyi si nkhani yaumishonale. Palibe kuphunzitsidwa. Wolemba samaitana kuti akhulupirire kapena kuti asakhulupirire.

Zaka zotsiriza za Pilato

Atapachikidwa pamtanda, Pontiyo Pilato adachoka ku Roma m'chaka cha 36. Zongomveka ndizo zake. Malinga ndi nthano ina, adadzipha. Malowa amatchedwa osiyana (Gallia, Roma). Mwachidziwitso thupi lake linaponyedwa mu Tiber. Koma madzi sanatenge thupi ndikuliponya kutali. Chinthu chomwecho chinachitika ku Ron. Ngakhale Switzerland akutchulidwa. Thupi limaponyedwa m'nyanja pafupi ndi Lucerne. Tsopano mu malo ano mathithi. Malingana ndi buku lina, iye anaphedwa ndi Nero.

A. Frans amakhulupirira kuti Pilato anakhala ndi ukalamba kwambiri, amakhala ku Sicily, kugulitsa tirigu. Pilato anakumana ndi Lamia wina, wolemekezeka yemwe anali kummawa. Kumapeto kwa kukambirana, Lamia amakumbukira ubwino wofiira wa khalidwe laulere, womwe pambuyo pake unagwirizanitsa ndi anthu ochita zodabwitsa kuchokera ku Galileya. "Kodi mumamukumbukira?" Lamia akufunsa. "Ayi," Pilato akuyankha, akuganiza.