Ya ndulu zidulo. Ntchito ya ndulu zidulo. sayansi ya chiwindi

Pazaka makumi angapo, ife anakwanitsa kufika zambiri zatsopano zokhudza ya ndulu ake ndi zidulo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, panafunika abwereze ndi kukula mfundo za kufunika kwa ntchito kwa thupi la munthu.

Udindo wa zidulo ya ndulu. mwachidule

Kukula mofulumira ndi kusintha njira kafukufuku kunapangitsa kuti tione mwatsatanetsatane ya ndulu zidulo. Mwachitsanzo, pali tsopano kumvetsa bwino kagayidwe wa zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi mapuloteni, lipids, inki ndi okhutitsidwa zimakhala ndi madzi a m'thupi. Kutsimikizira mfundo yonena kuti ya ndulu zidulo ndi zofunika kwambiri osati chifukwa uziyenda yachibadwa pa mundawo m'mimba. mankhwala awa ali nawo njira zambiri m'thupi. N'kofunikanso kuti ntchito njira zatsopano kafukufuku ankatha kudziwa kwambiri kudziwa khalidwe la zidulo ya ndulu mu magazi, komanso mmene zimakhudza dongosolo kupuma. Komanso, mankhwala zinthu pa chapakati m'madipatimenti mantha dongosolo. Analidi kufunika mu Kakhungu okhudza maselo ambiri ndi njira kunja. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zidulo ya ndulu zinthu monga surfactants mu chilengedwe mkati mwa chamoyo.

mabuku a mbiri yakale

mtundu wa mankhwala mankhwala Strecker wasayansi anapeza mu zaka za m'ma XIX. Iye anapeza kuti ya ndulu ng'ombe ali awiri organic zidulo. Woyamba uli sulfure. The bwino chachiwiri lili mankhwala Komabe, chilinganizo zosiyana kotheratu. Mu ndondomeko ya chimbudzi cha mankhwala awa mankhwala anapanga asidi cholic. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mankhwala pamwamba anapanga glycerol. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asidi wina ya ndulu ndipamene chinthu chosiyana. Njirayi imatchedwa taurine. Chifukwa, mankhwala koyamba awiri anatumizidwa maina, dzina yomweyo kutulutsa zinthu. Kotero apo tauro- acid glycocholic, motero. kupezeka wasayansi anachitira kutsogolera latsopano kuphunzira kalasi ya mankhwala.

sequestrants ya ndulu asidi

zinthu zimenezi ndi gulu la mankhwala ndi zotsatira hypolipidemic pa thupi la munthu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito mafuta m'munsi mwa magazi. N'zotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo pathologies zosiyanasiyana mtima ndi matenda. Pa nthawi, mankhwala amakono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito gulu lina la mankhwala aluso. Izi mankhwala zamadzimadzi-kutsitsa ndi statins. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito zambiri chifukwa zotsatira ochepa mbali. Pa nthawi ino zidulo sequestering ya ndulu ntchito kamodzikamodzi. Nthawi zina ntchito yokhayo mu chimango cha mankhwala Integrated ndi wothandiza.

mudziwe

Steroid kalasi zikuphatikizapo monokarbainovye zidulo hydroxy. Iwo yogwira zolimba zomwe sizidzipezera kupasuka mu madzi. zidulo izi ndizo zotsatira za processing wa mafuta m'chiwindi. Mu nyama, iwo zigwirizana 24 mpweya maatomu. Zikuchokera lalikulu mankhwala ya ndulu osiyana mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Izi mitundu tauholevuyu kupanga thupi ndi asidi glycolic. Chenodeoxycholic ndi mankhwala cholic a kalasi ya pulayimale. Kodi iwo anapanga? Zimenezi ali ndi sayansi ndi phindu chiwindi. kugwirizana yaikulu chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe wa mafuta m'thupi. Kenako, ndondomeko conjugation ndi taurine kapena glycine. Ndiye mitundu zidulo ongoyendayenda ya ndulu katulutsidwe. Lithocholic ndi deoxycholic mankhwala m'gulu kugwirizana yachiwiri. Iwo anapanga mu m'mimba kwa asidi chachikulu mchikakamizo cha tizilombo m'deralo. Mlingo wa mayamwidwe wa mankhwala deoxycholic ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa lithocholic. Other sekondale ya ndulu zidulo zimachitika wochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zikuphatikizapo ursodeoxycholic. Ngati pali cholestasis aakulu, mankhwala alipo ambiri. Avereji ya chiŵerengero cha zinthu zimenezi - 3: 1. Ali cholestasis zili ya ndulu asidi kwambiri kuposa. Micelles ndi aggregates la tinthu lapansi. Iwo okha anapangidwa ndende ya mankhwala amenewa amadzimadzi njira kuposa chizindikiro malire. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zidulo ya ndulu ndi surfactants.

mafuta Features

mankhwala ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi. The chiŵerengero cha magawanidwe a zamadzimadzi ndi molar lecithin ndende ndi asidi mlingo solubility zimatengera mafuta mu ya ndulu. micelles obwerawa kudzachitika pokhapo pokhalabe chiwerengero wabwinobwino wa zinthu zonsezi. Iwo ali mafuta. timibulu precipitate ndi phunziro kwa zipolowe za chiŵerengero izi. Ntchito ya ndulu zidulo suthera kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi. Iwo amathandiza kuti mayamwidwe mafuta mu intestine lapansi. Micelles amagwiritsidwa anapanga pa ndondomeko iyi.

mankhwala Movement

Mmodzi wa lalikulu zikhalidwe ya ndulu mapangidwe akugwira kayendedwe zidulo. mankhwala awa mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mayendedwe a electrolytes ndi madzi matumbo ang'ono ndi lalikulu. Iwo olimba particulate kanthu. limatsogolera awo kutentha ndi mokwanira mkulu. Iwo kulawa zowawa. Ya ndulu zidulo ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi, koma mu njira soda ndi mowa - wabwino. mankhwala awa ali opangidwa kuchokera ku asidi cholanic. asidi ngati zonse zimachitika okha basi hepatocytes mafuta.

zotsatira

Kufunika waukulu pakati mankhwala onse acidic ndi salt. Ichi ndi chifukwa angapo katundu wa mankhwala amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, iwo ali kumalo ozizira kwambiri kuposa salt ufulu ya ndulu zidulo, ndi kukula ka ndende Kuchepetsa wa micelle mapangidwe ndipo tochoka. Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chokhacho angathe kusintha mafuta m'thupi ku asidi yeniyeni cholanic. Ichi ndi chifukwa michere kuti zimakhudzidwa conjugation, zili hepatocytes lapansi. Kusintha ntchito yawo ndi mwachindunji amadalira zikuchokera ndi mathamangidwe oscillations chiwindi ya ndulu zidulo. The ndondomeko kaphatikizidwe ndi Lamulo limagwirira zoipa ndemanga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya zodabwitsazi chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi panopa yachiwiri ya ndulu zidulo mu chiwindi. Norma kaphatikizidwe awo mu thupi otsika kwambiri - kuchokera mamiligalamu mazana awiri mphambu mazana atatu patsiku.

ntchito yaikulu

zidulo ya ndulu ndi osiyanasiyana kopita. Mu thupi la munthu, makamaka kugwira kaphatikizidwe wa mafuta m'thupi ndipo zidzakhudza mayamwidwe mafuta ku intestine lapansi. Komanso, mankhwala nawo malamulo ndi biliary excretion wa ya ndulu. zinthu zimenezi amakhalanso ndi mphamvu pa ndondomeko ya chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe lipids. mafupa awo zikuchitikira ndi intestine yaing'ono. ndondomeko udzachitika mchikakamizo cha monoglycerides ndi ufulu mafuta zidulo, amene mafuta madipoziti padziko. Choncho anapanga woonda filimu, amene kumathandiza kulumikiza m'malovu yaing'ono mafuta mu voluminous kwambiri. Ichi chimapereka kuchepetsa amphamvu a mavuto padziko. Zimenezi zimabweretsa mapangidwe njira micellar. Nawonso, atsogolere ntchito ya lipase pancreatic. Ndi anachita adipose izo cleaves iwo glycerol, zomwe zina odzipereka matumbo khoma. zidulo ya ndulu ogwirizana ndi mafuta si kupasuka mu madzi ndi kupanga holeinovye. mankhwala awa mosavuta lamamatira ndipo mofulumira odzipereka kudzera pamwamba pa villi za m'mimba yaing'ono. Holeinovye asidi n'kukhala micelles. Komanso odzipereka mu maselo, kuswa nembanemba awo nthawi yomweyo popanda vuto. Information chidatengedwa wa kufufuza kwatsopano mderali. Iwo amanena kuti ubwenzi mafuta ndi ya ndulu zidulo mu amang'amba selo. The oyamba chifukwa cha mayamwidwe lipids. Mbuyomu - kudzera m'mitsempha zipata kulowa chiwindi ndi magazi.