YaMZ-236: makhalidwe, ulamuliro chipangizo

YaMZ-236 - ndi lodziwika bwino injini dizilo, umene umabala OJSC "Autodiesel" wakale Yaroslavl Njinga Bzalani. Izi V woboola "Six" yafala ku Soviet Union, ndipo pambuyo kugwa kwake - ndipo mu CIS lonse. injini ntchito nthawi ino magalimoto, mathirakitala ndi Chili. Angapezeke pa galimoto ngati kudziwika monga MACE, KRAZ, Ural, Zil ndi thalakitala K-700.

Close anzake chitsanzo ichi ndi YaMZ-238 8 yamphamvu ndi YMZ-240 - 12 tsilidrovy. YaMZ-236 ali Mabaibulo ambiri ndi manambala osiyanasiyana ndiyamphamvu.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1950 chomera Yaroslavl analandira kuti wapadera boma kulenga injini dizilo wamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zinali m'malo lotha YAZ. Motors awa anali kukhala wamphamvu ndi ndalama kuposa akapolo anzawo akale. Komano, boma amafuna kutenga chilengedwe mkati kuyaka injini, amene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zopangidwa osiyana magalimoto.

Motsogozedwa ndi mlengi kwambiri ndi USSR Amakwaniritsidwa wasayansi Chernyshova GD YaMZ-236 wakhala analenga, komanso ena onse a banja la injini dizilo nthawi imeneyo. Iye anayamba chimodzimodzi lodziwika bwino mayunitsi mndandanda kwa KAMAZ.

Choncho anabadwa mkati kuyaka injini, amene akadali odziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri. Iwo zimaonetsa mphamvu yapamwamba, kudalilika, zosavuta kukonza, kukonza zosavuta, ndi zida zosinthira wotchipa. Long moyo ndi maintainability kumulola kutumikira mokhulupirika kwa zaka zambiri.

yopanga tsopano

Pakali pano, kupanga akupitiriza YaMZ-236, ngakhale pali kale ndi m'malo YaMZ-530. Buku anagulitsa Motors musalekane, koma chifukwa zochita asilikali Ukraine anasiya yobereka wa Kremenchug galimoto msonkhano Mmera wonse, umene umatulutsa wotchuka KrAZ magalimoto. Kumene, Yaroslavl fakitale anataya gawo injini malonda, koma kuti ulimi wakhala si utachepa.

Zofunika ndi zida

YaMZ-236 ali ndi ntchito mokwanira mkulu. Izo zili ndi zonenepa zisanu ndi chimodzi, amene anakonza mu kufanana ndi kukhala ndi kuweramira mopendekeka ndi madigiri 90. Mafuta aperekedwa mwachindunji mu zonenepa, ndiko, ndi mwachindunji jekeseni mtundu. 16.5 Anzanu mu mlengalenga engine. The pisitoni ali awiri a mamilimita 130 pa tsinde ndi mamilimita 140 mu kukonza chimake, ndi kusamuka 140 mm.

injini wokwera mafuta mpope kuthamanga ndi injectors makina mtundu, amene mwachindunji ndi kuchita jekeseni iliyonse yamphamvu. Aliyense chipika mutu ali vavu 6 - 3 3 wa polowera ndi kubwereketsa.

Yozizira dongosolo - madzi amakakamizidwa kufalitsidwa, yomwe ikuchitika mwa mpope madzi. The actuator ndi lamba yomwe imazungulira ndi pulley mpope ndi crankshaft pulley.

YaMZ-236 ali ndi mphamvu malita 11 mphamvu ranges kuchokera 150 mpaka 420 ndiyamphamvu. Mu chitsanzo otsiriza, wakhala kuchuluka kwa 500 HP Mogwirizana ndi tariffs kuposa mafuta opanga YaMZ-236 mlingo otaya umene unali malita 40 pa 100 Km, chithunzi ichi kusanduka 25 L.

Waukulu magetsi mu chitsulo chosungunula mpaka 2010, mpaka anaganiza kusamutsa iye zotayidwa, komanso mutu yamphamvu. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti musinthe ndondomeko zokonzera ndi wosangalatsa ndi zonenepa makosi ndi honingovka kukhala zolondola. Pankhaniyi chipika wagawo sanataye mphamvu kale.

Main makhalidwe YaMZ-236 amasonyeza kuti galimoto ali ndi kumanga osavuta, kulola kwa kukonza zovuta ndi utumiki.

kusintha

YaMZ-236 kusintha wopangidwa ndi manja, pamafunika palibe zipangizo zapadera. Pamafunikanso kwambiri ntchito. Taganizirani mwai zofunika zimene ziyenera kuchitidwa:

• Kusintha mavavu, womwe wapangidwa ntchito kafukufuku wapadera anafuna YAMZ-236. mota chipangizo amalola kuchita opaleshoni pamene kuchotsa valavu chivundikirocho.
• Kusintha zowalamulira, makamaka, ndondomeko wotchedwa akusamala. Iwo ikuchitika oikapo.
• Kusintha mafuta okwanira kudzera mpope jekeseni.

zonse ntchito akutsatiridwa kusintha yekha mu galimoto kukonza, monga zida ziri zofunira, amene n'kovuta kupeza mu garaja lapansi.

utumiki

Kutumikira injini dizilo YaMZ-236 ndi wosavuta, ngati inu amadziwa zoyenera kuchita. Taganizirani zikuluzikulu zimene zili mkati mwa utumiki:

1. kusintha mafuta. Kawirikawiri akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito injini lubricant kwa injini dizilo a mtundu M10G2K.
2. M'malo a zinthu fyuluta. galimoto ali Zosefera angapo kuti ayenera m'malo lililonse 15 000 Km. Izi fyuluta mafuta, sefa mchitidwe coarse ndi chabwino mafuta kuyeretsa, remkoplekty onse Zosefera.
3. Kusintha jekeseni, Kunena mwachidule - kuwomba nozzles.
4. M'malo gaskets yamphamvu mutu chimakwirira ndi mutu yamphamvu. Nthawi zina, kusintha cushioning zinthu mphasa.
5. Kumanga kapena kuchotsa galimoto malamba.

Apa, mfundo, ndi zonse ntchito yokonza, umene imachitika pa YaMZ-236. China chirichonse zikusintha mu kukonza panopa ndipo anakonza.

kukonza

Engine kukonza YaMZ-236 ikuchitika okha galimoto kukonza, kuyambira pamafunika zida wapadera ndi zida. Zikuphatikizapo nthandala ngati: pakuti disassembly ndi msonkhano wa unit mphamvu ndi zinthu ake, atasenza, kusintha ndi kuyezetsa.

Komanso muyenera zipangizo zina zapadera:

• Wotopetsa ndipo honing makina.
• Zipangizo akupera ndi kupukuta wa crankshaft lapansi.
• Imani ndi bafa kwa crimping.
• Jambulani yopelera mipando vavu mipando.
• Zipangizo unsembe wa atsogoleri valavu.
• Lathe ndi makina mphero.
• Kuima kukonza injectors.
• Press kwa kukanikiza mayendedwe ndi zisindikizo.
• Argon kuwotcherera, zina.
• Chida china ndi zipangizo zina zapadera-cholinga cha yokonza injini dizilo.

Monga Tingaone mndandanda, kudzatenga kwambiri ya nthandala ndi zipangizo angakwanitse aliyense wosambitsa galimoto.

Engine kukonza YaMZ-236 ikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Onsewo ali ovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndi udindo uliwonse akatswiri yopapatiza mbiri. Taganizirani zinthu zonse mmodzimmodzi:

1. Dismantling. Mwinamwake, ndipo n'zoonekeratu kuti mkati kuyaka injini mfutizo ntchito muyezo kukodzedwa ya zipangizo ndi mfuti pneumatic.
2. Zifukwa matenda ndi kudziwa mndandanda wa zida zosinthira kuti ayenera m'malo.
3. Crankshaft umapezeka ndi yokonza chipika yamphamvu.
4. Kukonza zigawo zonse ndiponso ikuluikulu. Childs, ndi kuchitidwa palafini otentha.
5. Mukakonzeka, anasonkhana.

Ndondomeko disassembly YaMZ-236 anatenga za 6-8 maola. The yokonza magawo kwa khamu limatenga 16-20 maola, malingana ndi zovuta kuwonongeka. The ndondomeko msonkhano amatenga maola 36. Izi zidalira pa momwe wolema mayunitsi waukulu ndi zigawo ndi mmene iwo anakonzekera chomaliza ntchito.

Zam'tsogolo

Mu 2020, mbewu Yaroslavl akufuna kuti zithe kupanga YaMZ-236 pamene anali m'malo ndi kukonzekera latsopano YaMZ-660, limene lidzakhala 100 ndiyamphamvu wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi voliyumu zingawonjezere malita 12,5. Choncho patsalanso chakale makonzedwe a zonenepa ndi mavavu. Luso dongosolo kuti pakompyuta jekeseni mpope, amene adzakhala Yuro 5 muyezo, imene idzatuluka pa injini ya msika lonse. Ena ankafuna kuti apitirizebe kubala zomera mphamvu dizilo pamaziko a YaMZ-236.