Zigaŵenga "boma la chisilamu." gulu Islamist zigawenga

Pakali pano, zoopsa kwambiri gulu la zigaŵenga mu dziko grouping "boma Chisilamu" (IG). Tsiku lililonse likadutsa chiwerengero cha mbali yake ikukula, ndi kukula madera onse olamulidwa ndi izo, kumaonjezera. Tiyeni tione zifukwa zodabwitsazi ndi tikupeza zoopsa anafunsa mwa dziko ndi zigaŵenga "boma la chisilamu."

Magwero a gulu

Pambuyo kupasula mu 2003 ku Iraq, boma Saddam Hussein a dziko lino ndi limodzi mwa malo akuluakulu padziko lonse la monyanyira Chisilamu. Pa m'gawo lake anayamba kuchita zinthu zambiri Muslim zigawenga, makamaka Sunni, analengeza cholinga cha nkhondo yomenyana ndi US, Israel ndi Shia. Chimodzi mwa magulu amphamvu anali "Ansar al-Islam" motsogozedwa ndi al-Zarqawi, ananena okha monga mbali ya "Al-Qaeda".

Mbiri ya IG chizengerezo anatengedwa mu 2006, pamene pamaziko a kugwirizana kwa a aku Iraq "Al-Qaeda" maselo ena magulu ena Muslim monyanyira analengeza chilengedwe cha maphunziro "Chisilamu State wa Iraq." Likulu la ubale anazindikira mzinda wa Mosul, ndipo mtsogoleri woyamba - Abu Abdullah al-Baghdadi. Popeza penipeni, gulu lathandizira mwakhama maudani ndi zochita za zigawenga Iraq. Pakati pa May 2010 atamwalira kuloŵedwa unakhala mutu wa gululo, Abu Bakrn al-Baghdadi, ndi mutu wa Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu.

Parish ku Syria

Pakali pano, pambuyo pa chiyambi mu 2011 ku Syria nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati Pulezidenti Assad ndi ulamuliro wake omenyana, amene anali zigaŵenga Chisilamu, dziko lilinso kukuchitika ya mavuto m'chigawochi. Apa tinayamba kusonkhanitsa magulu osiyanasiyana oopsa.

Musakhale patali ndipo grouping, kutsogozedwa ndi Abu Bakrn al-Baghdadi. Mogwirizana ndi kufika ku Syria anatenga dzina latsopano kuyambira chiyambi cha April 2013, "State Chisilamu la Iraq ndi Levant." Zimenezi zachititsa akukwiya atsogoleri a "al-Qaeda" makamaka, wolowa mmalo Osama bin akatundu, Ayman al-Zawahiri. Ndipotu, gulu mpaka nthawi kuti ankaona lolamulidwa, "al-Qaeda" bungwe, koma Syria udatha opareshoni wina selo - ". Al-Nusra Front"

Nthawiyi, LIH anatenga ulamuliro wa mbali yaikulu ya Siriya. Cha m'ma 2014 pansi udindo wake anali lalikulu m'gawo Siriya kuposa kuti maphwando ena onse nkhondo, kuphatikizapo boma Assad.

Kutulukira komaliza ndi "Al-Qaeda"

Pambuyo al-Baghdadi anakana kumvera kuitana kwa al-Zavahri kumbuyo Ankhondo awo ku Iraq, mu February 2014 kasamalidwe "al-Qaeda" anatchedwa timapuma ndi LIH, ndi kuti nyumba imeneyi si magawano ake. Komanso, nkhondo inayambika pakati LIH ndi unit boma la "Al-Qaeda" - ". Al-Nusra Front" bungwe Pa mkangano iwo, kupha pafupifupi 1,800 omenyana kuchokera ku mbali zonse.

Komabe, ndi chiyambi cha ntchito mpweya amenya Mgwirizano Western udindo nkhondo pakati LIH ndi "Al-Nusra Front" anali anamaliza ndi mgwirizano pa ntchito olowa.

Kulalikidwa kwa caliphate ndi

Pambuyo bwino ntchito asilikali zoyambirira za 2014, zigaŵenga 'Iraq ndi Levant, boma Chisilamu "analanda m'madera ambiri Syria ndi Iraq, komanso nambala ya m'mizinda ikuluikulu, kuphatikizapo Mosul ndi Tikrit, akubwera pafupi Baghdad. Pa funde la kupambana mtsogoleri wawo, Abu Bakrn al-Baghdadi pakati pa 2014, analalikira yekha Caliph.

Izo zinali zikuluzikulu mutu wa Caliph anatanthauza amati mphamvu pa dziko lonse Muslim. Otsiriza, amene anaberekera mutu, ankhaimilira la ufumu Osman Abdul Majid II wa, mosatsata mu 1924. Choncho, al-Baghdadi ankanena kutsatizana sultans Ottoman ndi moyenera, gawo kamodzi olamulidwa ndi izo. Komabe, iye anathandiza lingaliro kukhazikitsa caliphate lonse.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, anaganiza kuchotsa nangula dera m'dzina bungwe, ndipo tsopano anatchedwa kuti "Chisilamu State."

Coalition airstrikes zigaŵenga IG

Powona kuopsa kwa dziko ndi zigaŵenga gulu "State Chisilamu", chiwerengero cha mayiko a azungu, kuphatikizapo US, Australia, Great Britain ndi France, anaganiza zoti olowa ku ngozi zigawenga. Popeza June 2014, mphamvu anachita kunyanyala mpweya pa udindo aziphunzitso ku Syria ndi Iraq. Pa mabomba, iye n'kufa ndi Caliph al-Baghdadi yemwe anamwalira mu March 2015. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iye si wakufa, koma dzanzi chabe. Iye anali m'malo ndi Abu Ala al-Afri, amene anaphedwa May 13, 2015.

Kugonjetsedwa wa Kurds

Grouping "boma Chisilamu" wavutika koipa akuganiziridwa kuti akunde mu mbiri yawo mu nkhondo ndi Kurds mzindawu Cobani zimene zinachitika kuyambira chiyambi cha chaka cha 2014 kuti January 2015. Ngakhale kuti zigaŵenga anapeza kuti mongoyembekezera kulanda mzinda, iwo Kenaka anagogoda mwa iye. Kuyambira February 2015 mpaka pano pali ndewu midzi yozungulira.

Koma, ngakhale nambala zofooketsa ndi imfa ya atsogoleri awo, zigaŵengazo a "boma Chisilamu" kupitiriza kulamulira dera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi ndi kuopseza osati m'derali koma pa dziko lonse lapansi.

Kufala kwa "State Chisilamu" m'madera ena

Ngakhale "State Chisilamu" sichinayambe anazindikira mwa m'dziko lina lililonse, pambuyo kulengeza Caliphate ndi kupambana kwambiri lankhondo la bungwe iye kuti agwirizane magulu zitsulo zosiyanasiyana Chisilamu zigaŵenga padziko lonse, kulengeza yekha zigawo "Caliphate."

Choyamba, zigaŵengazo IG anali anatha kupeza kufalikira Libya. Back mu April 2014, kulanda mzindawo Dern ndi Nofal, ndipo tsopano woterowu Sirte. Choncho, ndi ku Africa North walimba "boma la chisilamu." Libya pambuyo chiwonongeko cha Gaddafi munkachitika nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa General National Congress ndi nyumba yamalamulo. IG kulamulira mpaka pali gawo ochepa, kudikira kuona kodi ankhondo pakati pa asilikali chitsutso chachikulu.

Munthu woyamba limodzi ndi IG "Chisilamu Movement wa Uzbekistan", lotsogoledwa ndi mtsogoleri wake Usmon Gazi. bungwe panopa ukugwira makamaka Afghanistan ndi Pakistan. Back mu 2014 akuluakulu Chiuzibeki Utumiki Mkati kuti anadziwitsa anthu za izo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo acceding kwa "mkhalidwe Chisilamu," anati Mwiguputo Islamist gulu "Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis."

Pambuyo ulimi Shiite ku Yemen ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni pali kuyanjana "Al-Qaeda mu Arabiya" (AQAP) mu mochedwa yozizira ya 2015 inanena kuti zikulumikizana kusweka ndi kholo chipembedzo chake ndi olumbira "Caliph" al-Baghdadi. Pa nthawi, AQAP ku Yemen imalamulira dera kwambiri.

M'chaka oyambirira 2015 monyanyira bungwe "Boko haram" imene analanda dziko la kumpoto kwa Nigeria ndi nkhondo yeniyeni ndi Mgwirizano wa States, ananena yokha "ndi West African Province a boma Chisilamu."

Komanso, omenyana a "boma Chisilamu" anasonyeza anafikapo ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan. Pali mbali ya IG analanda ena magulu Taliban. Pa zigaŵenga wina wa Taliban "boma Chisilamu" anayamba kukumana.

Choncho, funso kumene ndi boma Chisilamu, mawu amodzi mayankho sudzakhala ngati osiyana kufalitsa nthambi zake padziko lonse.

mfundo

"Boma Chisilamu" ali unachoka malingaliro yopapatiza ya Sufism ndi Wahhabism, amene amasewera otsogolera mu "Al-Qaeda". Izi izo zikanakhoza kukopa ambiri owatsatira, zomwe ndi chibadwa, chifukwa ambiri mwa anthu Syria ndi Iraq, Sufism ndi Wahhabism ali mlendo. atsogoleri IG mwaluso ankasewera pa izi, nalalikira yekha Caliph wa Sunnis.

Koma mbali yaikulu ya aziphunzitso za "boma Chisilamu" si m'deralo, ndi oimira ena m'mayiko Arab. Komanso kwambiri ozipeleka ku Europe ndi Russia, makamaka zigaŵenga amene anamenyera Ichkeria.

zochita zigawenga "Chisilamu State" mwachibale kwa adani ndi anthu wamba ndi wankhanza kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ankachita wozunzikirapo ndi Kuphedwa ziwonetsero.

Zolinga za "boma Chisilamu"

Atsogoleri a boma Chisilamu declaratively ananena kuti cholinga chawo chachikulu ndicho kukhazikitsa lonse lapansi caliphate. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, zigaŵenga amati ndi zambiri mavuto pafupi-akuti. Zikuphatikizapo kupeza gawo kale m'manja mwa Ottoman, ku Arabiya, Central Asia ndi Caucasus. Aziphunzitso ndanena kuti ntchito kukhala zida za nyukiliya.

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana ayenera mogwirizana polimbana ndi uchigawenga, la IG, monga pamene "State Chisilamu", kubwera nkhondo ndi imfa.