Zigawo ndi mankhwala magazi

Mankhwala amene analandira mwachindunji kwa magazi yokha, wotchedwa mankhwala magazi. The tuzigawo twa chifukwa akhoza kwambiri kukuza malire a mankhwala jini, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - n'zotheka kuti ntchito magazi ndi madzi a m'magazi zigawo enieni, omwe amadza waphindu. mankhwala magazi anawagawa m'magulu atatu: kanthu zovuta, immunoglobulins (immunologically yogwira) ndi hemostatic.

Kukonzekera kanthu zovuta. plasma

mankhwala kanthu zovuta monga madzi a m'magazi ndi albumin. Mmene - kupereka onse hemodynamic ndi antishock kanthu. Mwatsopano madzi achisanu ndi kwathunthu akuzisunga mbali zonse, choncho ntchito ndi zoyenerera. Pali mitundu ina ya plasma: youma (amaundana-wouma) ndi madzi (mbadwa). Pa kupanga ndondomeko, iwo kwambiri kutaya machiritso katundu, kotero ntchito zawo si monga ogwira. Mwatsopano Achisanu akamagwira plasmapheresis kapena ndi centrifugation magazi athunthu, yozizira koopsa zikadzatha zosonkhanitsira magazi kuchokera mwiniwake woyamba maola 1-2. Kusunga kukonzekera mazira magazi kungakhale kwa chaka chimodzi pa kutentha madigiri kuchokera 1 mpaka 25 kapena m'munsimu. Nthawi imeneyi, onse kusungidwa plasma coagulation zinthu, fibrinolysis zigawo anticoagulants.

Kukonzekera plasma kuika

magazi mankhwala ndi watsopano mazira plasma. Musanayambe kuika, m'pofunika kuti akonze mankhwala. Madzi a m'magazi anali thawed mu madzi ofunda amene kutentha si madigiri kuposa 37-38. Plastikatny thumba ndi biomaterial akhoza kutambasula manja awo kuti kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi. Mogwirizana ndi malangizo Ufumuyo, madzi a m'magazi thawed uzipereka pa ola lotsatira. Pambuyo kukonzekera chifukwa angayambitse flakes a Ulimbo, koma samaletsa mwa kuika machitidwe plastikatnye muyezo umene zili ndi Zosefera.

Inu simungakhoze kutsanulira madzi ngati anapeza kuundana chachikulu, chidwi clouding - umboni kuti mankhwala ndi zosaoneka. Pewani mobwerezabwereza yozizira koopsa ndi thawing wa madzi atsopano mazira.

Mankhwala amapangidwa magazi a anthu sayenera anatsanulira ku thumba limodzi odwala angapo. Komanso, madzi a m'magazi sangathe anasiya ndondomeko wotsatira pambuyo thumba plastikatny anali depressurized. Ngati sensebilizirovan wodwalayo makonzedwe parenteral a zochita za mapuloteni, ndi kumatsutsana kutsanulira mwatsopano achisanu madzi a m'magazi. Pofuna kupewa zochita pathological Tengani zamoyo komanso kuikidwa magazi athunthu.

kuikidwa

Mwatsopano mazira plasma, wothiridwa wodwala ayenera kumwedwa kwa munthu ndi gulu lomweli magazi wodwalayo, monga mwa mayendedwe AB0. Mwadzidzidzi, ngati palibe plasma odnogruppnoy, osakaniza amaloledwa:

• Madzi a m'magazi: Gulu A (II) - wodwalayo: magazi gulu 0 (I)
• Madzi a m'magazi: Mu gulu (III) - wodwalayo: magazi gulu 0 (I)
• Madzi a m'magazi: gulu AB (IV) - wodwalayo: magazi alionse.

Kuyezetsa magazi kuti ngakhale gulu si ikuchitika. mankhwala magazi (madzi a m'magazi kuikidwa) ali zikusonyezedwa:

• syndromes trombogemorragicheskih
• kuwotcha odwala,
• njira septic,
• hemorrhagic diathesis: kuphatikizapo amapatsira mwana wake mtundu A ndi B,
• udzaphwanya syndromes,
• pa kukha magazi misa (pa 25%), plasma kuikidwa ndi maselo ofiira zolumukizidwa misa.

Ntchito ndi watsopano mazira plasma kwa odwala ndi thrombosis kobwereza Mitsempha zambiri pa maziko a streptokinase kapena kukonzekera zina fibrinolytic.

albumin

Chotero mankhwala mankhwala magazi monga albumin, zilipo monga njira ndende 5, 10 ndi 20%. Mapuloteni amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamodzi ndi albumin woyeretsedwa, motero lili Alpha ndi beta globulins. albumin njira pambuyo kumayambiriro m'menemo wa stabilizers chingathe kupirira pasteurization. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti inactivate mavairasi HIV ndi matenda a chiwindi. Albumin ntchito osiyanasiyana mantha - opaleshoni, zoopsa, amayaka. Kutumikiridwa kutupa ake, omwe chifukwa cha matenda a magazi mapuloteni zikuchokera, ndi imfa lalikulu la albumin mu chiwindi (ascites, matenda enaake, amayaka). Albumin mu njira moyikirapo ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kuchepetsa voliyumu ya madzi anadzetsa chamoyo (kulephera mtima, edema oziziritsa).

5% ambiri yokonza magazi (albumin) ntchito kutaya magazi pamene chofunika normalization wa magazi. Pamene kulowa albumin imfa kwambiri magazi ayenera pamodzi ndi kuikidwa maselo ofiira. Mu albumin Dokotala kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito ngati njira yothetsera 10%.

immunoglobulin

magazi mankhwala - immunoglobulin - amapanga gulu lalikulu la kukonzekera immunological. Iwo yogwira yolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana. Zochita matenda, zofala kwambiri ntchito Popanga madzi a gamma globulin. mankhwala yeniyeni ndi apamwamba zotsatira achire, iwo ukuperekedwa kafumbata, bango ofalitsidwa encephalitis, fuluwenza ndi matenda ena opatsirana.

Likukhudza kwambiri immunoglobulin mankhwalawa idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Mankhwala gulu lino kutumikiridwa intramuscularly. Wamkulu zotsatira zokolola koyera immunoglobulins ndi kutumikiridwa m'nsinga. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mapuloteni yomweyo akulowa m'magazi ndipo alibe pochitika siteji ya chimbudzi ndi proteases minofu.

mankhwala Hemostatic matenda a magazi

Hemostatic mankhwala - ndi fibrinogen protrombirovanny cryoprecipitate zovuta. Chakumapeto lili wambirimbiri Antihemophilic globulin (ayi - VIII-coagulation chinthu) ndi Von Willebrand chinthu, fibrinogen ndi chinthu XIII-fibrinstabiliziruyuschego ndi mapuloteni ena kuchotsako. Mankhwalawa amapezeka mankhwala magazi mu mapepala apulasitiki, mbale mu zouma kapena zii. Ntchito matenda Von Willebrand, amapatsira mwana wake A ndi ena mitundu ya magazi.

ndi mankhwala magazi ntchito matenda hemorrhagic wa wongobadwa kumene amapatsira mwana wake B, ambiri osokoneza wa anticoagulants chiyani? Mu milandu protrombirovanny zovuta ntchito (CSF kapena PPSB). Kulibe, anayambitsa watsopano plasma mazira.

Fibrinogen ali ndi kuchuluka zochepa ntchito, kuti ntchito yekha kwa magazi, omwe chifukwa cha kuperewera fibrinogen. Nthawi hypofibrinogenaemia, ndilo chifukwa syndrome thrombus, M'MALO colorless puloteni imene imatulutsidwa atsopano plasma mazira. Woyeretsedwa fibrinogen si moyenera ndi coagulants zachilengedwe ndi m'magazi akhoza pansi coagulation, ndipo zimenezi kumapangitsanso aimpso ndi m'mapapo mwanga kulephera. Kuti apange vuto anati chigawo, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'magazi.

Haemostatics ntchito timitu

Yemweyo mankhwala magazi njira tikuuzidwa makamaka m'nsinga, ngakhale pali gulu la wothandizira hemostatic kuti chagwiritsidwa timitu - pamene atseka magazi kunja, omwe angayambe pa opaleshoni. wothandizila zimenezo zimaphatikizapo hemostatic chinkhupule Ulimbo film, thrombin, antiseptic swab, ndi zina kwachilengedwenso. Zotsatira lofunika ali thrombin. Amachititsa mapangidwe kuundana kuti thrombosing lumens Mitsempha m'munda wa magazi. ntchito kothandiza kwambiri hemostatics kwa hemostasis ziwalo parenchymal kuonongeka pamalo.

Ulimbo thonje ndi mafilimu kuyamika katundu makina, ntchito osati kwa imasiya magazi. Monga chuma pulasitiki, iwo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zilonda zam'mimba venous, ndipo amayaka. Mu neurosurgery Ulimbo filimu advantageously ntchito akusowa m'malo Dura.

Kuwonjezera kukonzekera pamwamba, pali anthu amene ali katundu stimulatory ndi antianemic. Zikuphatikizapo zamera-stimulator "Polibiolin" ndi "ERIGO".

matenda mtima

Pathological zinthu mtima yanthanda pa milandu imfa ya kusinthasintha pamene iwo kukhala Chimaona kapena ting'onoting'ono basi chifukwa kudzikundikira poizoni mu iwo. Pali matenda otsatirawa: migraine, atherosclerosis zimenezi zingachititse sitiroko, mtima dystonia. Pa m'badwo uliwonse, imfa ya elasticity Mitsempha ndi kutsekeka awo wodwalayo akukumana zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kuwonongeka kukumbukira tcheru maganizo
• kugona chisokonezo;
• chitukuko cha maganizo, kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe;
• dzanzi;
• kutopa;
• pafupipafupi chizungulire.

Komanso chifukwa wonongeka ziwiya akhoza kukhala msana choipa ndi osteochondrosis khomo lachiberekero. Pankhaniyi, mwina imawonongeka vertebral mtsempha wamagazi wakudya ubongo. Choyamba muyenera kupeza ndi kuchotsa chimene chimayambitsa, mwachitsanzo, kuchitira msana, kenako kuthana ndi ziwiya: .. Mankhwala yekha mongoyembekezera obwera chopweteka.

Mankhwala kwa mitsempha

Kukonzekera chithandizo cha mtima ndi magazi zotengera za ubongo osiyana, izo zidalira pa mfundo za kanthu. Aliyense ali osiyanasiyana zawo ofunsira. Gulu yotchuka kwambiri ya mankhwala amaonedwa kukhala njira kusintha makope oziziritsa, mtima dilatation. Gawani mankhwala m'magulu atatu:

• myotropic (pansi minofu yosalala) - ndi "Dibazol", "Eufillin";
• neurotropic (mmene maselo mitsempha) - ndi "reserpine", "Validol";
• ku feteleza (a kuphatikiza mfundo ziwiri kanthu) - ndi "Nitrosorbit", "nitroglycerin".

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ali zotsatira za magulu ochepa okha:

• Kashiamu blockers. Kashiamu ayoni, amene ziwiya magazi lofooka kwambiri, zovuta ndi chifukwa kuchepetsa. Kwambiri mankhwala kusintha makope ubongo. Matenda a mtima sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kashiamu blockers anawagawira mu mibadwo itatu. Woyamba zachokera zigawo zitatu zazikulu (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem). Kwa mankhwala m'badwo wachiwiri ndi "Klentiazem", "tiapamil", "Nimodipine". Ndipo yachitatu "Amlodipine" "Norvasc". Ubwino yotsirizira n'chakuti zotsatira ochepa mbali, ndi kusankha nthawi yaitali.
• Mankhwala chomera ofotokoza. The mwayi waukulu - osachepera contraindications ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa. Kuthetsa spasms. Kusintha magazi.
• Kukonzekera munali asidi nicotinic, kumathandiza kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, kuchepetsa chiopsezo zolengeza mapangidwe. Osamveka ndi ulemu sitima yaikulu magazi, bwanji capillaries yaing'ono. mankhwala awa ayenera kumwedwa yekha mankhwala mankhwala, chifukwa iwo ali oipa kwa chiwindi (nicotinic asidi, "Enduratin").
• Mtima mankhwala. mankhwala patsogolo ubongo ndi chakudya mtima ntchito imodzi matenda ziwiya inatsekeratu. Anapanga pamaziko a Kakombo wa Mchigwa, foxglove, Adonis ( "Amrinon", "Kardiovalen", "adonizid").

mankhwala ena zochizira matenda a magazi

The yokonza shuga m'magazi ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za mankhwala monga gawo Kompeks zimene zachitika pa matenda a shuga. Osati anthu onse akukhalabe munthu wabwinobwino shuga magazi mlingo ndi zakudya zolondola ndi kuchita thupi.

Akudwala matenda a shuga kutenga dokotala kusankhidwa mankhwala kuchepetsa shuga m'magazimo. Dotolo chilakolako mwatsatanetsatane njira ya mankhwala ndi mlingo zolondola. wothandizila Hypoglycemic anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

• Mankhwala amene yambitsa ndi insulin kwa kapamba.
• Mankhwala kuwonjezera insulin tilinazo.
• Mankhwala kuchepetsa mayamwidwe chakudya.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi gulu loyamba la mankhwala patsogolo ulimi wa insulin ndi kapamba, imbaenda kuchepetsa shuga. Zikuphatikizapo "Amarin", "Manini", "Novonorm", "Diabeton". Mankhwalawa ayenera mankhwala okha ndi dokotala. Lililonse thupi zosiyana, anthu mosiyanasiyana. Ena samaona zotsatira achire, shuga amakhalabe pa mlingo chomwecho. Zikatero, dokotala liyenera kuunika chithandizo ndi mankhwala ena kapena kusintha mlingo.

Iron mankhwala magazi. Ndi kusowa kwa ayironi mu magazi sangathe kupanga ndalama Napempha kwa hemoglobin, amene amapereka kutengerapo ndondomeko erythrocytes mpweya wochokera m'mapapo kuti zimakhala onse. Zimakwaniritsidwa mpweya njala. Chifukwa cha ichi - magazi m'thupi. mankhwala amakono kusintha magazi ntchito pofuna kuchiza kuchepa magazi, ali mu zikuchokera awo chofunika kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, okhoza kubwezeretsa hematopoiesis yachibadwa. Ndi chakudya ndi zosatheka kukwaniritsa ngati zotsatira mofulumira. mlingo mankhwala a chitsulo kuposa kuloŵerera zotheka kufunika tsiku Ferrum thupi nthawi 20. Kotero kuti kuyesa lembani chitsulo ndi boma matenda pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya wathanzi sudzapereka zotsatira ankafuna. Tiyenera mankhwala apadera.

1. Njira, amene ali pano mu zikuchokera mu mawonekedwe a sulphate salt akakhala, munali mavitamini kuti akhoza kusintha chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe pawiri ankafuna. The mankhwala otchuka ndi:

• mapiritsi "Tardiferron", "Sorbifer durules";
• Makapisozi "Ferrofolgamma" "Ferretab" "Fenyuls";
• Makapisozi ana, madzi, akutsikira "Aktiferrin";
• kuphatikiza pa njira ya chitsulo gluconate, manganese ndi nthaka - "Totem";
• Mankhwala "gemofer";
• odziwika zothandiza chakudya chokoma "Hematogen".

2. Medicaments amene ali ferric chitsulo. Mbali A ndi ntchito zinthuzi mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo hydroxide polimaltozata:

• miyala "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Biofer";
• manyuchi njira madontho "Fenyuls" "Maltofer" "Ferlatum";
• njira khalidwe mu mnofu "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Argeferr", "Venofer", "Kosmofer".

Majekeseni ntchito ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a thirakiti m'mimba, zotupa ziwiya zing'onozing'ono, komanso akatemera amaoneka imfa lalikulu magazi. Pakuti mtsempha njira ya utsogoleli ndi mawonetseredwe zotheka thrombophlebitis kukonzekera.