Chiwindi A - Kodi matenda? Zizindikiro, mankhwala ndi kupewa matenda a chiwindi A

Aliyense amafuna kukhala wathanzi. Komabe, n'zomvetsa chisoni kuti palibe konse kusamalira kupewa matenda. Ndipo munthu amene kamodzi atadziika yekha "mfumu ya chilengedwe", ndi osatetezeka kwambiri kwa zolengedwa zing'onozing'ono moyo padziko lathuli - zosiyanasiyana mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina.

Mmodzi wa ambirimbiri awo, ndi oopsa kwa anthu, ndi causative wothandizila cha matenda monga a chiwindi A. "Kodi matenda?" - mupempha. Anthu wamba amadziwika monga matenda, kapena matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za matenda, makamaka, kuti ukapezeka-tizilomboto HIV, kodi inu mukumvetsa zimene Zizindikiro ayenera watcheru ndi pitani kuchipatala, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, kodi kulimbana nacho bwinobwino.

General zokhudza matendawa. Kodi chiwindi A?

Monga tanenera kale kumayambiriro, nthumwi causative wa matenda a chikasu ndiyo ndi enterovirus, omwe ndi kachilombo acid zosagwira chipolopolo, si nkhani kwa malo owononga m'mimba. Iye ndi vuto limodzi, mwachitsanzo, ndi masamba mosasamba, zipatso kapena madzi oipa pochitika kuteteza acidic sing'anga m'mimba ndi mu intestine, ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda chonyamulira. Kwa anthu amene ali kumvetsa pang'ono za (kapena palibe) matenda monga a chiwindi A, ndichiyani ndi mmene imafalikira, auze: tizilomboto uyu ali chitetezo chokwanira wamphamvu kwa malo m'madzi, nthawi zambiri amakwiya kufala ake ndi mwa madzi. Palinso ena uthenga wabwino: HIV ndi mkulu immunogenicity, zomwe zimalimbikitsa khola chitetezo chokwanira moyo wautali pambuyo matenda.

kuwanda

Ziwerengero mosakondera limanena kuti, ngakhale kuti ena sakudziwa nkomwe chomwe ndi chiwindi A, kodi matenda ndi matenda ambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi ngozi kuti thanzi la munthu. M'mayiko kuti amadziwika nyengo yake ofunda ndi zinthu osauka ukhondo, ndi zochitika za matenda mtundu A kwambiri mkulu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma mu ku Central Asia pafupifupi 100% ya anthu mwana perebolevaet matenda izi. M'mayiko kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, mlingo wa matenda matenda a chikasu ndiyo 1: 400, ndiko Mwachitsanzo, chaka chilichonse 100 000 anthu kunja uko kudwala 250.

Kumene, aliyense akufuna kupewa matenda, makamaka monga chiwindi A. Kodi ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa izo? Ndi Mwina mkulu akhoza kudwala pamene ulesi m'mayiko otentha, kuphatikizapo malo ankakonda zosangalatsa komanso a zokopa alendo. Iwo Africa, kuphatikizapo Tunisia ndi Egypt, ku Asia ndi kuzilumba, ena ndi otchuka pakati Russia, Turkey ndi India, komanso South-East ndi ku Central Asia. Pali matenda pa ulendo kumayiko South America ili mu Caribbean.

Njira njira kachilombo ndi chitukuko cha

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngakhale kusiya malire a dziko lathu, inu mosavuta kukatenga chiwindi A. Pamene imafalikira mu zikachitika? wothandizila opatsirana akhoza kukhala padziko zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Choncho, musanayambe kudya, pa maziko kuvomerezedwa momwe asambe pansi madzi ndi Pat youma. Izo sizidzatero, ngakhale ang'ono, koma chitsimikizo kuti simungathe kudwala anadya apulo kapena phwetekere. Ngati muli ndi kufooka kwa nsomba, ndiye mogula mwatsopano kapena mazira, kumbukirani: inu musanafike kwa tebulo lanu, iwo ayenera kukumana matenthedwe mankhwala amene amafa onse mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina, amene ali padziko.

Ndiwo a chiwindi A - munthu, anatola HIV ndi odwala matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Pamodzi ndi ndowe zake mu chilengedwe waima nambala yaikulu mavairasi, yomwe imapita pa mabiliyoni ambiri.

Ngati munthu safuna kutsatira ambiri amavomereza malamulo a ukhondo, zimawononga madzi kachilombo ndi chakudya (makamaka izo yokhudza nsomba thermally bwino kukonzedwa), HIV amatha kulowa mu intestine, ndiyeno mawere mu magazi limodzi ndi akulowa chiwindi ndi lichitidwa akuyendera hepatocytes - izo maselo.

Kubalana wa particles HIV akupezeka cytoplasm maselo chiwindi, kusiya kuti ndi anakwera ducts ya ndulu, iwo adzagwa pamodzi ndi ya ndulu mu intestine wodwala.

Mudayamba kutupa chiwindi, zikubweretsa kuwononga kapena chiwonongeko cha hepatocytes - maselo zake immunological m'chilengedwe. T-lymphocytes wa anthu maselo chitetezo cha m'thupi kuukira maselo chiwindi, amene anapha HIV ankawaona. Chifukwa, hepatocytes kachilombo kufa, akusokoneza uziyenda yachibadwa ya chiwindi ndi kupeza chiwindi A. monga matenda imafalikira, tinakambirana za kale.

Mwina wa matenda

M'mayiko osauka, kumene pamlingo wochepa chitukuko onse ndi anthu onse maka- matenda a chikasu ndiyo - woyamba wa matenda onse ali mwana. Ambiri mwa ana m'mayikowa perebolevaet izo mwa zaka 10 ndi kupeza umboni chitetezo chokwanira wonse matenda.

Malinga ndi maphunziro AIDS, mitundu kuwonetseredwa, amene matenda a chikasu ndiyo, ndi chiwindi A, zizindikiro zambiri kuonekera tsopano n'kukhala kwambiri. Iwo anayamba wamba matenda otchedwa mawonekedwe anicteric imene sikutheka matenda a.

Anthu a m'mayiko olemera amatchedwa matenda a chikasu ndiyo, osati monga "matenda a manja zauve". The mwayi wa matenda ndi wochepa kwambiri, amene ntchito ndi ntchito apamwamba a nyumba ndi ntchito limodzi ndi chikhalidwe mkulu wa anthu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, anthu ambiri si mu thupi la chitetezo ku matenda, zomwe zimachititsa kusatetezeka ndi mkulu.

Ngakhale anthu amene sadziwa za matenda, monga matenda a chiwindi A, imafalikira ndi mmene, nawonso amakumana ndi matenda, ngati iwo kupuma ndi ntchito m'mayiko ofunda wa Africa ndi Asia, zosagwirizana ndi malamulo ambiri amavomereza za ukhondo.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa Mwina ndi digiri ya chiopsezo kuvutikira, ndi kuthetsa funso cha kubwera kwa katemera, ayenera atayezetsa kuti detects chitetezo ku matenda a chiwindi A HIV - immunoglobulin G (wotsutsa - HAV IgG). Ngati chifukwa limasonyeza kuti anafikapo ku biomaterial, kuti munthu ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku HIV, mpata wa matenda ndi ziro, ndipo katemera si chofunika. Ngati chitetezo sanapezeke, pali chiopsezo kukhala matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Popewa izi, muyenera kukhala katemera.

Amene ali pa chiopsezo?

Epidemiologists magulu angapo a anthu amene ali ndi matenda a chiwindi B akhoza anapezeka ndi digiri yapamwamba ya Mwina A. Kodi amapereka? Ngati inu kuti ndinu aliyense wa magulu otsatirawa, izo kwambiri analimbikitsa ayesedwe pamaso pa chitetezo ku HIV ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kuti katemera. mndandanda Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• banja ndi banja mamembala a munthu ali ndi kachilombo chiwindi mtundu A;
• anthu kulowa ndi odwala ndi ubale wabwino;
• anthu (makamaka ana) amene amakhala m'madera a chiwindi A afala;
• Anthu amene amawatumiza ku mayiko ndi mkulu mlingo wa odwala;
• amuna amene zogonana ndi mwamuna kugonana.

Pamene nyumba akudwala. Mayankho a mafunso

Anthu amene sadziwa bwinobwino limatchula za matenda amenewa, monga a chiwindi A, kuti matenda imafalikira ndi mmene nthawi zina pali nkhani zimene ayenera ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Makamaka pachimake mavuto awa, pamene wachibale imagwera kudwala matenda a chikasu ndiyo.

Choyamba kwambiri za funso lakuti: Kodi n'zotheka anakumana ndi munthu amene ali alibe matenda? Inde, ngati inu kutsatira malamulo ambiri amavomereza za ukhondo. Koma tikumbukire kuti kukhudzana ndi mwana wodwala ndi bwino kuchepetsa yochepa, ndi Choncho kusiya mpaka anawachiritsa.

Zofunika zachinthu china nkhawa n'zotheka kudwala matendawa popanda matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Pankhaniyi, munthu amadwala pokhapokha ngati anamuchita katemera motsutsana a chiwindi A ndi mlingo oteteza mu mwazi wake akukwana kulimbana ndi matenda. Ngati chitetezo m'magazi simuli pano, koma kachilombo ali mu izo, ndiye anthu adzakhala zivute zitani kugwa kudwala.

Kuti mu nthawi yochepa kuti adziteteze ku kachilombo nkotheka kapena kulepheretsa chitukuko cha matenda pa nkhani ya matenda, masiku munthu wolungama pamaso matenda nkotheka, kapena mwa 14 pambuyo inayambitsa kukonzekera mwapadera - immunoglobulin. Chotero muyeso tinganene kuti monga njira mankhwala, komanso monga kupewa matenda a chiwindi A. Ngati inu kamodzi kuyipsa izo, ndiye Mwina wa kukonzanso kusamutsa kuti n'zosatheka.

Monga ndanenera kale, kudziwa chitetezo mu njira kusanthula magazi pamaso pa immunoglobulin G (wotsutsa-HAV IgG). pamaso pawo ayankhula kachilombo anthu kapena katemera. Analimbikitsa anayendera mamembala onse a banja, komwe kuli munthu kachilombo, pamaso pa immunoglobulin mu magazi, ndi vaccinations ngati pakufunika kutero.

Ndipo, ndithudi, sitiyenera kuiwala malamulo chiyambidwe cha ukhondo: kusamba m'manja ndi sopo pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, pambuyo kusamalira ana aang'ono, pamaso akukonzekera kapena kudya.

Zotsatira za AIDS ndi matenda nthawi

Ngati magazi a munthu, unvaccinated, muli chiwindi A HIV, izo zivute zitani kugwa kudwala matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Komabe, molondola kudziwa nthawi ya matenda ndi zovuta, ngati mliri, chifukwa Mwachitsanzo, ngozi mu intaneti kuchimbudzi.

Nthawi makulitsidwe ndi pafupi mwezi kuchokera tsiku la kuipitsidwa ananena, kenako amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za matenda, imene mukhoza kuzindikira layman: malungo, dyspepsia (m'mimba kuphwanya uziyenda yachibadwa), discoloration wa khungu.

Pambuyo kuoneka matenda a chikasu ndiyo ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ambiri ndi ukupeza wodwalayo. Patangotha masabata 3-6, ndi zina yaitali, iye ukachitikire, ndipo pambuyo kutha kwa ambiri achire. Kenako chithunzi cholinga amene palibe munthu adza maso ndi maso ndi matenda monga a chiwindi A. Ndi chiyani icho? Photo zikusonyeza, izo zikuwoneka ngati munthu wodwala khungu poyerekeza khungu alibe matenda matenda a chikasu ndiyo.

Ambiri akuona za kuopsa matenda kwa anthu kapena anthu ena. Chovuta ana zonyamula chiwindi pansi 1 chaka cha anthu akulu ndi akulu. The matenda yamasika nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kuledzera kutchulidwa ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo, ndipo anakhala pa avareji miyezi itatu.

Nthawi zambiri munthu amadwala pang'ono kuposa mwezi - masiku 40. Koma nthawi ya matenda kumatengera zifukwa zambiri: m'badwo wa mtima, boma la matenda wake m'thupi ofanana aakulu (pamaso pawo kapena kusapezeka). A udindo wofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi kukhazikitsa bwino malangizo ndi ntchito kuti adzapatsidwa ndi dokotala. 15% ya anthu kuti mawonekedwe aakulu a chiwindi, amene ukhoza kwa miyezi 6 mpaka 9.

Kutheka kwa imfa ndi kudzikonda chithandizo

funso chidwi zokhuza kuthekera imfa mu matenda. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zimenezi n'zosatheka, kuganiza, "woopsa ndi chiwindi A? Ndi chiyani icho? Matenda a chikasu ndiyo? Zoopsa angathe kunyamula, "Inde, oopsa ndi matenda - osungira nyama, koma n'zotheka, ngati nthenda amapezeka fulminant (mphezi) mawonekedwe. Pankhaniyi pali chitukuko mofulumira pachimake kwa chiwindi necrosis kuti silipita pachimake chiwindi kulephera.

Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti chiwindi A amapha mu 0.1% ya anthu mwana, 0,3% ya imfa ku matenda achinyamata komanso akuluakulu zaka wocheperapo 40 ndi kale 2.1% - amene ali pa 40.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala ndiponso mabanja awo kufunsa zokhuza kuthekera wodzilamulira kuchiritsa wodwalayo popanda mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, zonse zimachitika chimodzimodzi chifukwa mankhwala panopa si umalimbana chinachake kulimbana ndi kachilombo. Osati anthu zodabwitsa amene akudziwa zenizeni za matenda monga a chiwindi A, imafalikira ndi mmene, chithandizo umalimbana ndi kuchotsa thupi la zinthu zoipa, zimene zimabweretsa zisaonongeke ndi kusokoneza ntchito chiwindi. Kulimbana ndi matenda Zikatero chili ndi chitetezo cha wodwalayo.

Zizindikiro za matenda, nthawi ya asayembekezere limafotokoza

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mbali yoyamba, sipangakhalenso amaganiziridwa kukhalapo kwa HIV m'thupi la munthu, kuwonekera pambuyo pa 30 masiku, ngakhale nthawi imeneyi zingasiyane masiku 15 mpaka 50.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira kuti ayenera kuchenjeza inu, izi kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ambiri, malungo, ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu mkodzo mtundu. Nthawi zina pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi anthu samamvetsa zimene zinachitikira kupenta ake, ndi kudabwa, komabe osadziwa pa chiwindi A, izo ziri. Photos akuda mkodzo, pansipa, ndi chitsanzo momveka bwino mmene zikuwoneka wodwalayo anthu. Monga mukuonera, izo zimandikumbutsa kwambiri zinachitika tiyi ndi thobvu kwambiri.

Ngati aliyense wa zizindikiro Akufunika kuwona katswiri. Kumbukirani, yekha dokotala wodziwa angasankhe wodwalayo makamaka chiwindi A. Ndi chiyani icho? Zizindikiro Pankhaniyi zikuyendera: Malungo kuti umabweretsa syndrome dyspeptic (nseru, kumverera kwa kulemera mu hypochondrium chabwino ndi m'mimba, kusanza), kufooka, mdima mkodzo, zomwe ife tamutchula uja, matenda a chikasu ndiyo (chikasu sclera, khungu, chopondapo discoloration ). Pamene pali posachedwapa, pakhala kusintha pang'ono mu chikhalidwe ambiri ndi ukupeza wodwalayo. Mofananamo akuwonetseredwa pachimake matenda a chiwindi, ndi zina.

Kudziwa mtima za matenda C HIV magazi limachokera ndipo adafikapo biomaterial limasonyeza kukhalapo kwa chitetezo, amene ali ku immunoglobulin kalasi M (wotsutsa - HAV IgM). Iwo akhoza wapezeka lokha pa muyambirenso (m'nthawi pachimake cha matenda), kusintha kwa mtima pa zili magazi awo amasandulika m'munsi.

The ndondomeko ya matenda

Chinthu choyamba wobwezera elucidation wa mbiri AIDS mu njirayi, amene adzalola, kapena kutsimikiza kapena kukana chiwindi A. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? dokotala umapeza zimene amaika anthu anapita kale posachedwapa, mtundu wa chakudya ndi madzi ankadya, ngati kulankhula kwa odwala ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo.

Pambuyo kuti dokotala masana amayang'anitsitsa wodwala, n'kunena kuti:

• akukhudzidwira thanzi ndi mmene wodwalayo, zotheka zizindikiro za kuledzera;
• pamaso pa matenda m'mimba - dyspepsia;
• pamaso pa kutentha okwera thupi - malungo, thukuta, kuzizira;
• pamaso pa matenda a chikasu ndiyo wa khungu, lilime, maso.

Choncho zimawoneka ngati khungu anthu, anapezeka ndi matenda a chiwindi A, umene uli chithunzi anapereka m'munsimu atsimikiza.

Kuwonjezera pamwambapa, dokotala ayesedwa udindo wa ziwalo zonse za mkati ndi machitidwe a wodwalayo malinga ndi njira ochiritsira matenda, chikondwerero monga mtundu wa mkodzo ndi chopondapo wodwala. Palpation (palpation) wa pamimba akapezedwe kuonjezera chiwindi.

Pambuyo pake, timaphunzira zotsatira mayeso, monga:

• KLA - wathunthu magazi;
• BAC - umagwirira magazi;
• kaogulogramma - mayeso magazi coagulation ake;
• OAM - urinalysis.

Ngati magazi chowululidwa chitetezo ku matenda a chiwindi A (wotsutsa - HAV IgM), amene anatsagana ndi kusintha kutchulidwa mu mayesero ntchito chiwindi, ndi matenda a "chiwindi A" kwathunthu anatsimikizira.

Kuchiza ndi madokotala ananena zawo pambuyo kuchira

Mu mbali yapita tinakambirana za zimene a chiwindi A, izo ziri. Kodi kuchitira izo - ndicho Nkhani yaikulu kwa anthu onse amene anakumana naye. Ngati matenda ali wofatsa chowongolera mawonekedwe thupi kupirira ndi matenda, atapanikizika izo. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala Pankhaniyi - kuchepetsa ndende ya poizoni ndi kupereka zithunzi za maselo chiwindi apeze awo ndi mphamvu. Mbali yofunika ya mankhwala amakhala kugwiritsira dezitoksikatsionnyh njira, shuga, mavitamini ndi kwa chiwindi (mankhwala amene amateteza maselo chiwindi). Iwo safuna chithandizo mavairasi oyambitsa. Ngati matenda yakula, chidwi chachikulu wapatsidwa, pamodzi ndi dezintoksatsionnoy, ndi mankhwala symptomatic.

The njira pamwamba ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kwa tsiku. Pamodzi, njira zimenezi awiri amathandiza kuchepetsa kawopsedwe kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka chiwindi, poizoni magazi dilution ndi kuchotsa zinthu zoipa, kuthetsa zizindikiro matenda. Zonsezi kumabweretsa kusintha chikhalidwe ambiri ndi ukupeza wodwalayo.

Pa nthawi ya muyambirenso ayenera n'kudziphatika kwa zakudya №5 ndi Pevsner. Izi wambirimbiri masamba, zipatso, dzinthu, nyama Taphunzira, nsomba, kanyumba tchizi, mazira woyera, soya, maapulo, kupereka thupi minofu, lipotropic zinthu, pectin. Amasonyezanso ndi kumwa yambiri kugwilizana madzimadzi ndi zonse ndi zina thupi ndi m'maganizo.

Makolo ambiri sakudziwa mmene tiyenera kuchitira mwana wawo mu mwambo matenda, ngakhale bwino, ndipo nthawi zina ndi zongomva, ndi matenda monga a chiwindi A, ndichiyani nanga anasamutsidwa. Ana, monga ife tinanena kale, matenda angakhale aakulu kuposa akuluakulu. Ngakhale kuti nkhanza strategy odwala a m'badwo uliwonse ali yemweyo, ife mwamphamvu amalangiza kufunsira ndi dokotala amene anafufuza mwana ndi mankhwala mankhwala amene angatithandize bwinobwino kulimbana ndi matenda ndipo sadzalola zimayambitsa mavuto ena.

Pambuyo achire, madokotala zambiri kupereka Zoneneratu yabwino kwambiri, monga kugwira ntchito za masiku onse chiwindi amabwezeretsedwa zonse.

Chitetezo ku matenda: katemera ndi dzuwa ake

Kale timakamba za HIV komwe kamayambitsa matenda monga a chiwindi A, kodi matenda imeneyi imafalikira ndi mmene tiyenera kuchitira izo. Ndi nthawi yolankhula za momwe mungapewere izo.

Pakali pano, njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera matenda ndi katemera, ndipo analenga angapo katemera ogwira kuti ali pa mlingo woyenera kuteteza yolimbana ndi matenda matenda a chikasu ndiyo.

Chotero katemera - si kanthu koma akufa HIV chiwindi ndi immunogenicity mkulu. Iwo kutumikiridwa kawiri, ndi imeneyi pakati pa kumezanitsa loyamba ndi lachiwiri miyezi 6 mpaka 12.

Anthu ambiri pambuyo mlingo woyamba anaperekedwa pambuyo 14 masiku, chitetezo kuoneka, wokonzeka kulimbana ndi kachilombo. Njira - kuposa kothandiza ndiponso mwina kupewa okha za matenda A.

Administration a katemera kumapangitsa kupanga ndalama zambiri oteteza kuti chimateteza ku matenda ana ndi akulu omwe. Mmene katemera chimakhala cha zaka 6 mpaka 10.

Izi zikusonyeza katemera?

Katemera ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo ayenera mokakamiza anapangidwa kwa anthu amene kale kuwawa kwa chiwindi mtundu A - akulu ndi ana, komanso anthu amene awonjezera kutenga matenda.

Pakati pawo:

• asilikali ndi alendo omwe anapita ku madera ndi kufala kwa matenda a chiwindi A;
• uchi. ogwira ntchito mu Zipatalazo opatsirana;
• Anthu ntchito mu malo wosamalira;
• ogwira ntchito m'malesitilanti ndi m'mabala, odyera ndi madzi.

zikalata zolimbana monga katemera wa ana okhala m'dera limene pali mkulu zochitika. Iwo ayamba kupereka katemera, kuyambira azaka 3. Ndi kuvomerezedwa kuti katemera ndi odwala matenda matenda aakulu chiwindi.

Tikukhulupirira, zonsezi pamwambapa kudzakuthandizani amene anali tsokali kugwa akudwala, kulimbana ndi matenda, ndipo amene kuukira mpaka pochitika, kusankha mwanzeru m'njira yake ndi kudziteteza ku izo. Khalani wathanzi!