Ziwiya TV, mitundu ndi makhalidwe. Sailboats. chithunzi

Oyambirira, chilikupita ziwiya (kutchulidwa nkhani ino) anali zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu zapitazo mu Iguputo, ndipo ochiritsira raft molunjika mlongoti ndi chiwongolero nkhafi. pang'ono Patatha, zitsanzo patsogolo kwambiri kuchita Foinike. Pakuti kumanga awo, iwo ntchito nkhuni Lebanon mkungudza ndi thundu. Madoko Foinike anali sitima, amene amapangidwa malonda osakwatiwa-masted ngalawa Zombo Zankhondo okonzeka kwambiri. Padziko V mu. BC. e. Bulu kale Agiriki akale ndi Aroma. Komabe, lalikulu ziwiya, chilikupita anaonekera mu Europe mu nthawi ya atulukira kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri. Pamenepo wamphamvu kwambiri ku Ulaya pofunafuna madera atsopano anayamba kukonzekeretsa panyanja flotilla kuyenda osati kudutsa nyanja, komanso padziko lonse. Choncho anayamba kulimbana owawa mphamvu mu nyanja, amene anathandiza kuti chitukuko yogwira makampani shipbuilding.

ziwiya ngalawa Masiku ano

Mu nthawi yathu, pamene nkhondo zombo okonzeka ndi kuti zombo luso loyamba wamphamvu, chilikupita chitsanzo anayamba ntchito kwenikweni zosangalatsa. Ambiri mwa chilikupita ano ma yatchi mmwamba. Mu Europe ndi America, kumene kuli masewera zibonga yatchi, regattas masewera pachaka. Nthawi zambiri mu zochitika zotero nawo ma yatchi boti.

Gululi - mpikisano pakati pa madzi, chilikupita kapena ziwiya kupalasa.

Anatinso Mpikisano izi ikuchitikira ku America ndi England. Ena mwa gululi ndi mpikisano waukulu lonse, monga. "America Cup".

Gawo sailboats anatsimikiza malingana specifications ndi tooling. Amwazisambo mitundu ikuluikulu mitundu sailboats.

Gawo ndi mtundu wa matanga

• Zombo matanga lalikulu.

• Zombo matanga lateen.

Square kupalasa anamugwiritsa ntchito Aigupto akale ndi Foinike. Ndi chinsalu monga trapezium ndi, amamangiriridwa ku pgg yopingasa. Ngalawa matanga lalikulu bwino okha ndi mphepo, choncho ndithu mofulumira m'malo pa bwalo ndi slanting matanga.

Oblique kupalasa ili ku mbali kumbuyo kwa mlongoti, kumene izo zaikidwa m'mphepete ake kutsogolo. Ziwiya ndi slanting matanga mwangwiro kuyenda ngati mphepo chilungamo, ndi mphepo pa mlingo lakuthwa. Slanting matanga, nayenso, anawagawa:

• Latin.

• Spritsail.

• jibs.

Gulu ndi nambala ya masts

• osakwatiwa-masted chilikupita yatchi.

• ziwiri masted yatchi.

• Mnogomachtovye yatchi.

Mlongoti - ali mbali ya nsanja ya. Ndi dongosolo ofukula za m'chombo, omwe kawirikawiri amapereka ntchito yapadera anatambasula. Mlongoti Kuzipeka makamaka softwood.

Masts mu dziko lamakono

Mu sitima zazikulu amakono alibe zida boti, nsanja anataya ntchito yake yaikulu ndi ntchito zina:

• Pofuna lobweretsa makhalidwe a mtundu wa dziko lawo (mbendera ndi odula manja).

• Pofuna lobweretsa kulemba udindo panopa chotengeracho (kwaokha m'ngalawa moto pa bolodi, ndi kubowola, ndi zina zotero. D.).

• Khazikitsani kuyatsa osiyana zizindikiro.

• Kuti kukhazikitsa ena zipangizo phokoso kusonyeza.

• Pofuna kupereka msonkho kwa State amene madzi pa mfundo iyi ndi sitimayo. Wokwera pa mlongoti ndi mbendera ya dziko.

• Ngati pali munthu wakufa pa bolodi, mu chizindikiro maliro ndi msonkho pamtima wake kutsitsa saganiza mbendera.

mitundu ya masts

• foremast. Izi ndi mlongoti choyamba, kuwerenga kuchokera kutsogolo kwa ngalawayo.

• mainmast. Ndi nthawi yachiwiri mtundu wa yomanga mphuno sitimayo. Pa ziwiri zitatu masted ziwiya ndipo akadali kwambiri.

• Mizzen Posakhalitsa. The aft Posakhalitsa, imene pa ngalawa aliyense ndi atsopano kwa mphuno.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti zoyendera madzi zilipo?

Gawo ndi mtundu wa alumikizana chilikupita:

• Matabwa.

• Pulasitiki.

• Zitsulo.

Gulu la ngalawa chiwerengero cha milandu:

• Single alumikizana

• kawiri-hulled (chilikupita catamaran)

• mbali zitatu (chilikupita trimaran).

Pomaliza, gulu la ngalawa, malingana ndi ntchito muyezo wa:

• muyezo bwato (pa sitima zoterozo ntchito katundu muyezo, izo angathe kuchepetsa chotengera kulowerera ndi kuchepetsa pakati yokoka).

• dinghy (pa Maboti anapereka daggerboard wapadera, ngati n'koyenera, n'zotheka kulera ndi kuchepetsa asilikali a chotengeracho).

• Beach-kukondera (iwo ntchito zojambula wapakatikati pakati pa dinghy ziwembu muyezo).

A zosiyanasiyana zotengera

Iwo atchule mayina ngalawa.

AAK - yaing'ono imodzi-masted chotengera ndi pansi mosabisa, cholinga kunyamula katundu yaing'ono.

Makungwa - ndi sitima zazikulu, ndi ku masts atatu kapena asanu. chotengeracho zambiri okonzeka ndi kupalasa lalikulu imodzi yokha pa mlongoti aft slanting lokhazikika.

Barquentine - sitima atatu pyatimachtovy boti. Ambiri nsanja zili matanga oblique. Only kapangidwe mphuno ali matanga lalikulu.

Brig - ziwiri masted ngalawa ndi nsanja mwachindunji pa mlongoti waukulu ndi jib ndi mlongoti slanting Spritsail pa mainsail lapansi.

Brigantine - zosavuta ziwiri masted chotengera ndi slanting matanga pa mainmast ndi lalikulu matanga pa foremast pa, mtundu wa nsanja amatchedwa losanganikirana.

Galleon - mnogopalubnoe zikuluzikulu kupita chotengera ndi zida zamphamvu zida zankhondo. Galleons wopita yaitali maulendo ndi nkhondo. Ngalawa zimenezi inkayenda anali Liwiro ndithu mu kuuluka ndipo anapanga zambiri za Spanish ndi zombo English.

Zosapatsa - mtengo ziwiri zinayi masted chotengera, umene ntchito makamaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndipo ankapita ku mtsinje kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja katundu nyanja.

IOL - brig ndi matanga oblique ndi mlongoti aft malo kumbuyo Utsogoleri olamulira.

Caravel - atatu zinayi masted seagoing chotengera ndi nsanja losakanizika anaikira maulendo nyanja ndi chidwi katundu magalimoto.

Galera - wotchedwa pafupifupi maboti, chilikupita-kupalasa, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito kalelo. Kuwonjezera nsanja, anali nayo imodzi kapena awiri mzere kupalasa.

Karakka - lalikulu atatu masted chombo ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi asilikali. chombo akhoza kukhala adzikometsa zitatu ndipo ali ndi chidwi Cannon armament.

KECh - yaing'ono ziwiri masted sitimayo. Osiyana dongosolo la aft mlongoti kutsogolo gudumu olamulira.

Frigate - asilikali trehmachtovik ndi nsanja zonse. Classic frigate analengedwa mu France mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ndipo ndi chombo mosavuta kuuluka ndi zida zabwino.

Zitoliro - wabwino nyanja, chilikupita chombo cholinga zolinga asilikali zoyendera. Chifukwa chakuti kutalika kwa chombo chidafika kangapo wamkulu kuposa m'lifupi, zitoliro akhoza kuyenda wokongola pafupi mphepo, ndipo anamupatsa ntchito kwambiri pa zina, ziwiya zochepa kuuluka.

Sloop - asilikali atatu masted Sitima pansi matanga molunjika. Ndi ntchito ngati sentinel ndi galimoto.

Bwalo - zosavuta boti boti, amene anali osachepera masts awiri ndi slanting matanga. Bwalo zosavuta kusamalira. Iwo ali makamaka ntchito zosiyanasiyana magalimoto malonda.

yatchi

Poyamba inkayenda yatchi ndi kudya ndi kuwala ziwiya ntchito zoyendera za anthu a udindo wapamwamba. Zotsatira za yatchi anayamba dzina galimoto-boti, galimoto kapena boti, anafuna kuti zolinga alendo kapena zamasewera.

The ma yatchi choyamba anatuluka mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Iwo anali kudya mokwanira ndi omasuka, ndicho chifukwa anthu olemera amakonda mtundu zoyendera apanyanja. Modern chilikupita maboti ndi anamangirira injini, zomwe zikhale zosavuta akamagwiritsa ku doko ndi kupalasa pa liwiro pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale pamene bata zonse. Iwo anawagawa ikuthamanga (pa bolodi pali cabins), chisangalalo ndi anagona.

Kugula ku sitolo

Lero, ambiri sailboats mbiri sadzakhalakonso nakhalabe okha pa masamba a mabuku ulendo ndi zithunzi mu magazini ndi mabuku. Koma si ofunika kwambiri kukhumudwa. Mu sitolo mugule zitsanzo Panyanja zombo anaikira zokongoletsa thematic. Palinso zida wapadera ndi milozo msonkhano ngalawa ndi manja awo. Dziwani kuti kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo chombo - ichi ndi ndimasewera kwambiri chizolowezi, ikupita patsogolo ku Russia.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi lodziwika bwino sitima, zithunzi ndi zitsanzo kuti ali otchuka:

Makungwa "Chili" - wotchuka uyu chombo cha James Cook, amene anapita kwa osadziwika pamene kugombe la Australia ndi ku New Zealand.

"Neva" ndi "Hope" - sloops awiri kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri Russian kuti zombozi lonse.

"Prince" - Chingerezi frigate kuti anamiza mu 1854 mu Nyanja Black pambuyo mkuntho zoopsa. Popularity chifukwa mbiri za chuma olowa, umene anali atanyamula.

"Meri Rouz" - pa flagship asilikali English King Henry the Eighth, amene chisoni anamiza mu 1545.

«Republic Great» - ndi clipper lalikulu la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, yomwe inamangidwa ndi Wokhoma zombo wotchuka Donald McKay.

"Ariel" - British clipper, anapanga wotchuka chifukwa chakuti mu 1866 anapambana wotchuka "tiyi mtundu" ku China kuti London.

"Wongosangalatsa" - sitima ya m'modzi wa achifwamba wotchuka - Captain William Kidd.

Pomaliza

Nthawi ya ngalawa inali nthawi osangalatsa kwa ulendo ndi chibwenzi. ngalawa nawo nkhondo zambiri za panyanja, m'chombo ku gombe uncharted natengedwa chuma chamtengo wapatali, amene anagwirizana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha nthano. Zombo za mtundu wodzipereka kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito zolembalemba. Kuchokera pa zochitika m'mbiri komanso nkhani lachinsinsi yokhudza inkayenda zitsanzo kujambulidwa ambiri mafilimu wotchuka ulendo.