Nkhani ya ndalama

Tonse tili amakonda, kuti ndalama - ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri moyo aliyense, kuti chirichonse mu dziko lili ndi mtengo wake, ndi kuti apeze chinachake, inu kaye ndalama izi "chinthu" mu mawu ndalama. Koma si wina aliyense wa ife ndinaganiza zoti ndi mbiri ya zikamera wa ndalama, si monga anthu anatulukira njira yachidule kupeza zimene mukufuna.

The mbiri yakale wa maonekedwe wa ndalama

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa ndalama pakati pa anthu ambiri amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo, boma wakhala bwinobwino ntchito tsintho (mwagwirizana phindu - "inu - I, I - inu"), koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu anayamba kuzindikira kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana phindu osiyana kusinthitsa Mwachitsanzo, chigubu dongo chakudya si kwambiri opindulitsa. Ndipo izo sizinali zophweka Mwachitsanzo, kusinthitsa mkaka wake milker pa nsomba monga mkaka Msodzi sanafune amafunika chakudya, wophika mkate, ndipo nawonso, amafuna tirigu. Ndipo pamene milker adzakhala kuzilambalala bwalo lonse, ndipo iye anali kutenga nsomba ayi.

Kenako pang'onopang'ono m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anayamba kulowa zinthu zina monga ndalama. Tiyeni tinene, ambiri amwenye ntchito zipolopolo kapena ngale, mitundu ina - m'matumba achikopa, tsitsi, kapena ng'ombe, koma kenako okha, pa Lalikulu la Russia, ndalama imatengedwa mchere timitengo Mwachitsanzo, mu Ethiopia. zipolopolo Cowrie anali analandira ntchito ndalama m'mayiko ena mu Africa, Thailand, India. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo pa zonse izi, anthu anayamba kulowa monga zitsulo ndalama. Choncho anayamba Mbiri yamakono ya zikamera wa ndalama.

Njira ya chitukuko ndalama

Choyamba, m'mayiko ambiri ingots mkuwa ntchito monga ndalama, siliva ndi miyala ina ndi ziwerengero osiyana weighting. Gold mipiringidzo ankagwiritsa ntchito kokha mu mayiko pang'ono (Libya, Pakistan), ndi mayiko ena, mwalamulo ananena bala golide monga gulu ndalama, kukonza kuchokera aloyi zamkuwa golidi, ndi siliva, koma koyamba kwa kuwasiyanitsa ndi golide weniweni kunali kovuta chifukwa mkuwa choti zachilengedwe mtundu wachikasu. Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti limati awa ankachita falsification la mankhwala.

Ndiye, mu chiwiri m'ma BC, ife unayamba zitsulo ndalama. Motero, wapatali kwambiri wa iwo anali ndalama za golidi, siliva anatsatira anali, chabwino, ndi mkuwa - ambiri ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito. Ife timawatcha iwo mfundo Stater. Izo zikuwoneka ngati iwo anali pa nyemba wamba.

anachita pamene ruble?

Zitsulo ndalama mu mbiri ya Russia inatulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri - kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chinayi. Silver bullion zitsulo kudula mu magawo angapo pafupifupi wofanana. Choncho dzina la - ndi ruble.

Kodi anali woyamba pepala ndalama

Mu China, ndalama anali kwambiri zachilendo kapangidwe - kuzungulira ndi lathyathyathya ndalama ndi lalikulu dzenje mkati. Kunali koyenera kuti mayiko - iwo kuziluka pa ulusi ndipo anapachikidwa pa khosi lake. Koma pa nthawi, anthu anazindikira kuti otchedwa "mkanda" - katundu wolemera, ndipo anayamba kupereka chiphaso cha ndalama - lolembedwa ntchito kuti analola nthawi iliyonse kukatenga iwo ndi kuwagwiritsa iwo kumbuyo. Choncho, pa nthawi obwereketsa ndi mabanki kuti lafalikira bwino, ndipo malisiti zatchuka ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito anthu. Choncho m'chaka cha 910 mu China atalenga pepala ndalama. Makungwa a mtengo mabulosi akutumikira monga maziko pepala.

Mu Russia, mbiri ya zikamera wa ndalama pepala linayamba mu 1769, pamene Catherine II wapereka mfundo imeneyi dziko. Koma chitukuko cha ndalama pepala mu dziko alandira mofulumira.

Tsopano, anthu ambiri chaka chilichonse ndi amene anathawira ku anapitiriza ntchito ndalama (makobidi tsopano pafupifupi konse ntchito, ndipo ngati iwo anali, iwo anali kokha khumi khola), iwo m'malo mwa pepala ndalama (osati kalekale analowa banknote ndime mtengo wa rubles zikwi zisanu).