Ziwiya zadothi ndi chiyani? Semikarakorsk zoumbaumba

Za mtundu wina lokhudza anthu ndi kulenga mbiya. Mfundo zimenezi ceramic, limene mitundu izo wagawanika, chifukwa cha zipatso zake, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

mwachidule

Kodi zoumbaumba? Izi mbiya, otsiriza yowotcha ndondomeko. Zapita kwa zaka pamaso pa anthu anatha kupanga izo tanthauzo. Munthu anakhala chidwi kupanga mankhwala dongo, pamene anasiya njira zawo woyendayendawu wa moyo ndipo anayamba kukhala anakakhala moyo. Development lokhudza anathandiza ubwenzi malo okhazikika okhala. luso lawo anthu wadutsa kuchokera ku m'badwo achikulire wamng'ono.

N'zotheka kuti zinthu ceramic ndi woyamba kuti adalenga munthu. ziwiya zadothi ndi chiyani? Anthu akale sanali nawo maganizo ake pa. Mu otchedwa mphamvu ya mankhwala ake ndi dothi losakaniza ndi laimu, khwatsi kapena feldspar. Mwini zonsezi kukonzedwa mu unyinji wa kusasinthasintha, mankhwala popangidwa ndi dzanja, ndipo kenako njinga woumba mbiya, n'kuwawotcha.

Kodi amatchedwa ziwiya zadothi kuti?

Tamasulira kuchokera ku Chigiriki ndi "dongo." ziwiya zadothi ndi chiyani? Ndipotu ndi kusakaniza zipangizo zachilengedwe monga dongo, mchenga, zircon ndi ena. Ufiti kwa kupanga mankhwala ceramic mu mawonekedwe a munthu bwino kuti ife anagwirapo ntchito ndi chifukwa anaphunzira luso la kusungunuka kwa particles organic pa kutentha - mpaka madigiri 2,500.

khalidwe ceramic dongo afika pa moto. Zamgululi kupanga amene ntchito woonda woyera dongo amatchedwa zadothi. White dongo zolumukizidwa ndi mchenga khwatsi - izo faience. Zamgululi zopangidwa wofiira dongo - mbiya ndi zoumbaumba.

zoumbaumba

art ceramic kuyambira nthawi yakale ali handicrafts. Zamgululi chokongoletsedwa ndi moyo wa anthu, akhala mbali ya moyo wake. Ngakhale ndiye zinthu ceramic akusiyana malingana ndi kupanga ndondomeko, zipangizo zopangira, ndi zolinga ❖ kuyanika zikuchokera. Opanga mbiya anapangidwa miphika maluwa, jugs mkaka ndi kvass, mbale zosiyanasiyana, trays ndi zinthu zina zambiri zimene ankagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

katundu Natural dongo (ductility ndi chuma kamvekedwe) osakaniza ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu glaze ntchito popanga zaluso izi. Nthawi osiyana tasiya zinthu zawo khalidwe nkhani zimenezi. Panopa, ziwiya zadothi dziko wakhala zambiri osiyanasiyana ndiponso wathanzi. Chidwi ndi luso limeneli lili.

Lero, ziwiya zadothi Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa danga mkati ndi wapakamwa kunja kwa nyumba. Kuyambira izo zikupanga m'mawindomo anaikamo kukongoletsa ndi makoma, fireplaces, yokongola mapanelo, Miphika, nyali, mbale zolowa, ndi zotengera. dziko muli zoumbaumba dongosolo lapadera, nkhani yokongola. Mbiya ndi mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Terracotta - kuchokera njira Chitaliyana "anaphika lapansi". The zopangira kupanga dongo akuda ndi dongosolo porous. Zamgululi si Khoma. Izo ntchito zapakhomo zofunika pomanga ndi zolinga luso. Terracotta ntchito kupangira ziwiya, ziboliboli, matailosi, matailosi, matailosi mpanda, panopa kuti "yade zoumbaumba" - Russia ndi kutsogolera sewerolo.

• Mbiya zoumbaumba - mankhwala ayenera zina kukonzedwa. Pamaso kuwombera kusalaza pansi makoma awo (loschat) kuti kudutsa madzimadzi. Izi zachitika bola ngati Kuwala akuwonekera. mankhwala ndiye anaika mu uvuni, kuti ukhale pansi ndipo anagwirira utsi kwa nthawi yaitali. ndondomeko Ichi chikudziwika ngati "moraine". Achikulire mu ng'anjo mankhwala utachotsedwapo ndi kumizidwa m'madzi ndi ufa. Izi "galimoto" kapena "obvarka". Pamwamba ali ndi kulemba okongola ndi madzi. Mbiya zoumbaumba ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zapakhomo.
• Majolica - mankhwala opangidwa ndi mbiya ❖ kuyanika dongo ndi mtundu glazurevym. Njira imeneyi ntchito popanga mapanelo kukongoletsa, matailosi, architraves, ziboliboli, ziwiya ndi mankhwala ena.
• Zadothi - zizindikilo za mtundu woyera, chilungamo ndi woonda khoma. Amatha kuti kutayikira. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kutentha zadothi ndi yofewa ndiponso olimba. Woyamba ntchito yopanga zinthu zokongoletsera, ndi wachiwiri - kwa mbale.

• Phale - ofanana ndi dongo, koma osati woyera ndi poyela. Crock thicker dongosolo porous, kupatula cholimba, kupereka chinyezi. Kwa izo anapangidwa mbale, zimbuzi limalephera, matailosi kukongoletsa. "Yade-zoumbaumba" - ogwira ntchito, zomwe ndi mtsogoleri kupanga yotsirizira mu msika Russian. mankhwala khalidwe anaonetsetsa ndi njira zina zamakono zomwe zimagwiridwa pa Italy ndi Spanish zida zamakono.

Semikarakorsk zoumbaumba

Chotero mutu iye analandira ulemu wa mzinda m'chigawo Rostov. zaka ziwiri zapitazo kunali potteries ambiri Semikarakorah. Koma makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza apo panali mmodzi yekha, kumene msonkhano yomangidwa kumene ndipo lero kubala mbiya wapadera. Master mu nthawi yochepa analenga luso lawo kalembedwe, luso opanga ndi osiyanasiyana mankhwala. Semikarakorsk kupenta yodziwika ndi zithunzi wapadera omveka, zokongola osiyanasiyana mogwirizana kuti amasonyeza mtima wa olemba ndi kupereka maganizo chikondwerero.

Features Semikarakorsk zoumbaumba

Pa kalembedwe luso akatswiri mankhwala ntchito otsutsa. Zokongoletsa apanga ojambula odziwika a dziko lathu. Zithunzi zofanana Gzhel utoto: zosiyanasiyana dongosolo zamaluwa za pa duwa la chachikulu. Semikarakorsk zoumbaumba - kumakhalanso steppe nyama ndi zomera za Don motsutsa likhale moyera-zadothi, mitunda woyengeka ndi kudzikondweretsa ndi zambiri. Pakali pano, izo anamaliza mapangidwe osiyana kalembedwe malangizo Semikarakorsk kupenta njira.

Chinthu chapadera ndi ntchito ntchito yamanja mu ndondomeko ya mankhwala kupenta mitundu pachiyambi. Master - ndiAmene weniweni wa inventiveness ndi ndakatulo kusankha zokongoletsa. Mbali yaikulu ya luso ceramic ndi kupanga phale, kumene kupenta ndi tsamba golide ntchito. Amanena za mankhwala pansi wosanjikiza glaze. Makamaka wotchuka ndi ziwerengero akazi Cossack zovala za makolo, ndi alendo ena: magalimoto, shuga nyumba ndi lids, miphika, ndi makachisi ena.

Mayina a mankhwala ceramic

Alipo osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ena a iwo:

• Wall mapanelo - ndi thandizo lawo chipinda wamba amakhala wapadera, pali bata ndi olemekezeka eni nyumba kapena ofesi. mapanelo Wall ndi chimake cha zonse kukhumbira: lowoneka ndi mbiri yakale nkhani, amajambulapo maluwa okongola wowerengeka, zojambula chabe.
• Amaika - chithunzi zopangidwa ceramic cha kukula ang'onoang'ono. Pakuti analemba mfiti amagwiritsa kupenta kapena chithandizo.
• Zambiri zoumbaumba - ndi mbale (Miphika, miphika, etc.). Mafashoni mtundu wa ziwiya zadothi sichidzatha konse.
• Miphika zomera - zomera zokongoletsera m'nyumba iliyonse kuwonjezera nthawi zambiri, ngati mphamvu kuti iwo anapanga ziwiya zadothi.

Ntchito tableware ceramic

ziwiya zadothi ndi chiyani? Kale, anthu sankadziwa mawu. Kenako iwo anamutcha mbiya, amene amasunga manja ofunda a mbuye. Mbiya okutidwa ndi mankhwala, ndipo chifukwa zonse zachilengedwe khalidwe clays ndi mphamvu yake kuyamwa mphamvu dzuwa.

Iwo kalekale malo osungira katundu anthu anasankha mitsuko ya dongo ndi mphamvu zonse kutentha mwachibadwa. M'firiji mkaka mu chigubu si nthawi yaitali kutenthetsa madzi - ozizira. Mukamakonzekera chakudya mu mphika, izo kukhala ofewa ndi yowutsa mudyo.

Ntchito zina

Mabukuwa ntchito pofuna kuteteza zida, ndege ndi zina magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri galasi ndi ziwiya zadothi anapeza makampani ndege.

Izo ntchito mankhwala kwa alowererepo opaleshoni mafupa apulasitiki mu zamafupa ndi m'madera ena. matailosi zoweta "yade-zoumbaumba" ntchito mwa okonza mu kamangidwe ka Interiors ndi exteriors nyumba.