"Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow": kuwunika. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" Vorobyov: Mwachidule

Pa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kwalembedwa kwambiri. A malo apadera mabuku pa phunziro ili, amatenga otchedwa "mkulu" kapena "ngalande" prose kuti anaonekera mu 50-60-ntchentche. Iwo amagwira ntchito mwa asilikali zakale zimene anakumana awo wadziwa zoopsa zonse za moyo ngalande ndi nkhondo lotseguka. maganizo awo ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa wowerenga, chifukwa iwo analemba za zimene anaona ndi maso awo. Pakati pawo, nkhani Konstantina Vorobeva "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow," lolembedwa mu 1961 ndi mu "New World" magazini lofalitsidwa patapita zaka ziwiri.

Writers frontline anazindikira maonekedwe a mankhwala ngati zotengeka. Komabe, mabwalo boma anali osakhutira ndi njira wolemba makamaka kwa chifanizo cha nkhondo. Chifukwa cha dzina wolembayo kwa nthawi yaitali anali achotsa m'mabuku Soviet, omwe anakhala iye zimamupweteka weniweni. Only mu 80s, atamwalira K. Vorobiev, Amaonetsa kamodzinso, kuphatikizapo mogwirizana ndi mzake, ntchito yomwe poyamba inali yosafalitsidwa pa mutu asilikali - "Ndi ife, Ambuye"

nkhani Autobiographical

Tsoka la wolemba sitinganene kuti yosavuta. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo K. Vorobiev, amene ubwana ndi unyamata anakhala m'dera Kursk, anali mu Moscow. chifukwa anali ndakatulo yolembedwa ndi iye pa imfa ya Kuibyshev ndipo munali ndemanga unflattering za Stalin. Wolemba tsogolo anauzidwa kuti achoke mumzinda wakwawo amene adampulumutsa zotsatira pazikhala ndithu.

Mu Moscow, Vorobiev, amene anali ndi kutalika 1,83 mamita ndi cholembedwa mu autobiography "osauka," unali mwa cadets umene kampani Kremlin unakhazikitsidwa. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha zochitika zomvetsa chisoni kuti zina mwa ntchito kutsogoloku "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow."

Mu October 1941, pamene magulu lopondereza linakhazikitsa zikuluzikulu kuukira likulu, ndi Soviet nthawi zambiri atazunguliridwa ndi anakakamizika abwerere, sadziwa asilikali, onyamula yekha ndi mfuti, akale wamasiku (monga anamenyera mu World Choyamba) cadets ana, kuphatikizapo ndipo K. Vorobiev, anawatumiza kutsogolo. Zimakhala zovuta kuti iwo anali zodziwika bwino - kuteteza njira kuti Moscow. Ndiyeno - msonkhano pa njira kutsogolo ndi asilikali NKVD, cholinga kuwayang'anira awo mu nthawi ya nkhondo; nkhondo yoyamba ya mphero ambiri ophunzira a dzulo anali otsiriza; mkaidi, ndipo potsiriza bwinobwino anakonza pambuyo ziwembu zingapo kuthawa, ndi mobisa msasa zigawenga detachment kale mu dziko. Zonsezi anaonanso wolemba, ndipo kenako anafotokoza ake oona kwambiri ndi alendo sindimakonda akuluakulu Kunena nkhani, mu nthawi yayitali kukhala kuwerengedwa kwa owerenga.

chidule

"Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - ndi nkhani ya yochepa kwambiri (nkhani chimakwirira nthawi kutalika kwa masiku 5) anakhala kutsogolo kwa achinyamata, mwathupi wamphamvu, wathanzi ophunzira mazana awiri ndi makumi anai. Wochepa mabungwe onse monga kusankha anyamata ntchito oyambirira la kuguba kwa mzere kutsogolo. Iwo zinthu ziyenda bwino ndipo mu boma ngakhalenso a yokopera zochuluka m'tsogolo. Owerenga kuchokera pa tsamba loyamba akuyembekezera zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zoopsa - ichi chimabweretsa mutu wa nkhaniyo. Ndithudi, pambuyo masiku ochepa a moyo adzakhala mmodzi yekha wa iwo - achinyamata ndiponso osadziwa kapitawo Aleksey Yastrebov. otsala 239 asilikali onse adzaphedwa Moscow. Analysis wa zimayambitsa zochitika zoopsya izi zimachitika ndipo anapanga maziko nkhaniyo.

Pofufuza za nkhani za owerenga abwera mapeto zoopsa. Ndipotu wosavuta: asilikali achinyamata pafupifupi ntchito ngati chakudya Cannon ndi wolowa kuononga ankhondo a adani. nkhani wolemba za mmene iwo anatumizidwa kukamenyana ndi mfuti, mabomba angapo ndipo Molotov cocktails - osati mfuti zokwanira. Poyamba, kuchititsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa zochita za atsogoleri ambiri odziwa ndi kusanthula awo. Aphedwa pafupi Moscow anyamata aang'ono anali kulakwitsa kwawo. Ndimakumbukira kuti kufunika abwerere chipwirikiti anatumiza kuchokera ku likulu sali mu mawonekedwe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi kupulumutsa ana anatayika Ryumin, mkulu wa Regiment, mu zonse amakonda dongosolo, kunyndira kufala wake m'kamwa mwa womenya osadziwika, ndipo akufuna kutsimikizira olembedwa. Ndipo chikhulupiriro chabodza kuti posachedwapa reinforcements kufika, amene anaika miyoyo ya anyamata mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu pafupifupi unarmed mukudalira pa anthu amene akhala zosavuta kusankha tsoka la anthu ambiri.

Mbiri ya mapangidwe munthu Alekseya Yastrebova

The protagonist wa buku K. Vorobyov "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - ndi mkulu wachinyamata, masabata awiri zapitazo anapambana mutu ndi kumutumiza analamula mu Regiment wa cadets. owerenga limakhala umboni kuti n'zovuta ati Mougins Alexei Yastrebova. Udindo umene wapatsidwa kwa iye movutikira, malangizo ake oyamba iye amapereka Ndikuganizira mawu chosadalirika, ndipo nthawi iliyonse akuyang'ana kuyembekeza kuona pafupi ndi comrade waluso, zimene anali regimental mkulu ndi mlangizi ndale Ryumin Anisimov. Kwa iye, nthawi zonse choyamba - likutsindika Konstantin Vorobyov. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - nkhani za zochitika, akutiuza za mapangidwe wauzimu wa khalidwe. Pamaso pa wowerenga mipita mwadzidzidzi zinachitika nkhondo. Ndi kupha loyamba la German zimene Alex pa mphindi sakuona mdani, koma munthu (mphamvu ya mdaniyo m'tsogolo, chifukwa odziwa). Ndipo mantha wophunzira, mbamuikha pansi pofuna kuthawa. Poyamba, iye anali kugwirizana ndi msilikali wompereka, monga Hawks sizinayende kuzindikira kuti iye pa mfundo iyi khalidwe mofananamo pamene akuyesa kuthawa. Izo sizinali bwino, ndi mmene wophunzira mungafunse Yastrebova kumuwombera iye - akanatero kupulumutsidwa ku adani zotheka. Only patapita kanthawi Alex akazindikira ndi kudziwa chakuti, atayandikira imfa, munthu wamkulu ofooka ndipo amatha zinthu zimene poyamba anachititsa chiweruzo wake: kupha mnzake kapena nokha, thawani kapena kubisa pofuna kudziteteza. Popeza kuti imfa ya ophunzira aliyense wosalakwa anali chifukwa cha zochita kutengedwa-, mu Moscow, kumene amuna akuluakulu ambiri amene sanadziwe nkhondo komanso mosavuta anatumiza kuti imfa ya "awo" ana.

Choncho, maganizo kusasitsa wa ngwazi pa likulu la nkhani - kuti amathandiza kumvetsa kuwunika. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - mankhwala wapadera chifukwa amatichititsa kuganiza osati za zowopsya za fascism, komanso cha ntchito mu chochitika kumachitika munthu ndi kachitidwe yapangidwa Soviet Union.

Kuzindikira Vorobyova

Ubwino wina wa buku ili (iwo amavomereza wolemba msilikali), kuti izo zikusonyeza nkhondo kuchokera mkati, popanda gloss ndipo amafuna chinachake anawonjezapo. Chifukwa, mwamsanga pambuyo buku mu 1963, nkhani ya "anaphedwa pafupi Moscow" kwa nthawi yaitali pakati mankhwala oletsedwa.

Kodi Kuzindikira wolembayo unaonekera mu chifanizo cha nkhondo?

Choyamba, owerenga limaoneka anthu wamba: zikaiko ndi mantha, kunyumwitsa ndi mtima. makhalidwe awo mu mphindi ya nkhondo mwachibadwa: iwo alibe mphamvu zosintha chilichonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri sadziwa bwinobwino zimene zikuchitika. Bwino mmene aliyense - imfa, chilakolako kudziteteza - si angasokoneze nyota za anyamata aang'ono, ndi kulipira mwapadera kuti Konstantin Vorobyov. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - bukuli si kwa anthu amene, monga Major General Pereverzev, linasasuka kanali wake ndipo anayesa kuthawa. otchulidwa ake - anthu, kudziwa yokha gawo la mtundu waukulu, kulimbana yomasulira kwawo. Ganizo yoyamba ya nkhondo monga malo anamanganso m'malo yomweyo kukhwima anyamata kuzindikira ambiri tsoka Shackleton nkhonya choopsa kwa moyo chete mtendere.

Naturalistically kukopedwa ndi mlembi zinachitika ndi phazi ong'ambika mu jombo, choyamba anadabwa kuti Alexei: Ndani icho pamenepo? Ndipo komabe sikutheka kuiwala masautso a anavulazidwa mmimba ndipo anafa Anisimova, anapitirira kunena kuti, "Dulani ...", ndipo pafupi naye, pa chikhoto chake, "swirling koyilo chinachake moyo" - maganizo a Alexis. Zikuoneka kuti ku masamba a buku K. Vorobyov ati msilikali aliyense atenge anaphedwa pafupi Moscow.

Udindo wa nkhondo ndi makina oyenda battalion

khalidwe lina, zofunika kwa kumvetsa wolemba cholinga - Captain Rumin, amene Pachiyambi panali kwa ophunzira chitsanzo. Ndipo mogwirizana ndithu ndi zimene zimayenera kukhala msilikali weniweni. Ena mwa owerenga akhoza kusokonezedwa Zomwe zinachitika m'mudzi. Chifukwa Ryumin ankafunika kuchita nkhondo tanthauzo kuti sangathe kusintha chirichonse, chifukwa tsogolo la kampani wathedwa? Yankho la funso limeneli kwenikweni wosavuta. Ryumin amazindikira kuti atumiki ake watembereredwa, ndipo amawapatsa mwayi kuona imfa weniweni wa asilikali. Ndithudi, ophunzira anabwera kuchokera kunkhondo atakula kumva okhudzidwa munthu kupulumutsa mtundu. Iwo akufuula mawu okweza, koma anakumana kwathunthu chimwemwe cha chigonjetso chake choyamba. Iwo akhoza kutsutsa kuti kumverera ofanana anali lililonse anapha asilikali pafupi Moscow, popeza mpa chodzikanira pa likulu - mitima ya dziko lakwawo.

Powonekera yomaliza ya nkhani

Last tsamba Werengani ntchito mwakhama. owerenga anaona kuti osasamala, kulota za ungwazi anyamata masiku asanu kukhwima ndi kukhala munthu weniweni, njira zatsopano kuunikira okha ndi comrades. Aleksey Yastrebov, amene anaona imfa ambiri ndi mmene anafera Ryumin, chikumbumtima adzagwira imfa Molotov ndipo iri yofulumira ku thanki. Pa nthawi imeneyi, iye si mantha kufa ndi kuvumbitsira chintchito ndi chabe amangotchula, popanda kuganizira. Choncho mtengo wa chigonjetso ndi mfumukazi, amene sadzaona asilikali anaphedwa pafupi Moscow. Short sakumbukira Alexei mbadwa kunyumba ya ambuye wake m'kamphindi kupsinjidwa kwa iye chidutswa chimodzi, ndipo m'mbuyomu ndiponso masiku ano. Tsopano iye anatsegula ena, osati lotengeka pamaso chenicheni chimene zonse zichitike. Chifukwa pa zimene masiku 5 kwathunthu asinthe, malinga ndi nkhanza anakulitsa mu mtima wake kudana ndi mdani.

The maganizo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala

Kwambiri pa nkhani ya K. Vorobyov "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" wotanganidwa monologues lamkati la achinyamata Alexei Yastrebova ndi odziwa zambiri mkulu kampani Captain Rumin, kuzindikira bwino tsoka la zinthu ndipo wakhala zikutanthauza kuti imapha yekha zimene zikuchitika. Last anabweretsa chipani ndi ntchito kudalira aziwerenga ongolankhula. Iye ankaganiza kuti angachite kulamulira zinthu, koma posakhalitsa amadziwa kuti maganizo ake onse kunapezeka kuti yonyenga. Ryumin sakanakhoza kupirira chikumbumtima chanu ndi kudzipha. Izo si Iye adali wolakwitsa zonse zinachitika, koma anapereka chigamulo. Chapadera ndi mawu otsiriza a kapitawo, amene amaimira ponena zoona zimene zikuchitika: "Chitsiru! Pajatu anali onse kuti atipangize zambiri Spain! "Iwo amapereka umboni wosatsutsika wakuti Stalin. Mwachitsanzo, mu chitukuko cha mkulu zochita ndi kusintha zinthu, zikuonekera zochita zake adziwe zimene zikuchitika, kusinkhasinkha ndi kusanthula. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - ntchito imene ikusonyeza mmene anthu mu nkhondo mayesero pa umunthu. Apa mwakamodzi zimaonekeratu ndi ndani.

Baibulo loyambirira la kutha kwa nkhaniyo

nthawi yaitali bwanji ali kuti: mphindi zochepa kapena maola - Alex sanamvetse. Iye anagalamuka ku chimene iye anali kutengedwa manda a manja amphamvu, ndi kuzimva pa mutu wa Chijeremani ndiponso ochezeka kuseka. "... kumbuyo ndi malo pa thupi kumene ku Germany mateche Nsapato wake kalekale ofunda ndi zimasangalatsa ..." Alex anadzuka ndipo anaona kuyaka stacks, amene anali atabisala kukhala cadets moyo. Izi Baibulo koyamba kwa ulipobe "anaphedwa pafupi Moscow." Analysis wa chomaliza - izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti wolemba kusintha ndi kupanga kwabasi kundiposa - kumabweretsa mapeto a zomvetsa chisoni unali mwezi woyamba wa nkhondo dziko la Soviet. Koma izo zinali chabe mu yachokera kwa. Vorobiev adakhulupirira iye yekha kuti Baibulo chomaliza cha mankhwala chimodzimodzi anasonyeza mantha zimene anakumana patsogolo pa "atsopano". Makamaka Alexei, anathawa ku gehena, anali munthu wosiyana kotheratu: anaumitsa, kwambiri kupendanso kuti angatetezere awo amene ankadalira pa iye. Open kutha zikusonyeza zotsatira osokoneza zochitika, koma masamba chiyembekezo kuti ngwazi akadali akhoza kuthawa, ndipo azipereka kwa chigonjetso.

kutanthauza buku

Umunthu, ntchito, ungwazi, mapangidwe munthu, udindo pa zochita zawo, luso kumvera chisoni ndi kumvetsetsa wina - zovuta pa mfundo izi mu ntchito yake akuti K. Vorobyov. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - yochepa nkhani za nkhani ya ku moyo wa mwini, mtundu wa chenjezo, umene uli zopelekedwa, zina ngakhale wongodzinenera khalidwe. Kodi chinachitika mu makumi anai kowopsa - ndi lingaliro lalikulu la wolemba - tiyenera kukumbukira Mulimonsemo.

Features a "prose lieutenants '

Ntchito analengedwa mu 50-60s, ndi zosiyana ndi zimene zinalembedwa pa nkhondo kapena nthawi yomweyo pambuyo. Izi kusanthula mozama anawonjezera kuti malongosoledwe a zochitika. "Akuphedwa pafupi Moscow" - osati yekha. V. Astafjevs ananena kuti nkhani sangakhoze kuwerenga basi monga choncho, sangachoke aliyense osayanjanitsika. Kuyambira zibakera ake ali wothinikizidwa ndipo pali chikhumbo chimodzi chokha: ichi konse zimachitika kachiwiri. Ndi kuzindikira kuti K. Vorobiev mumalimba bwinobwino akuchitirana nkhanza zoterozo nkhondo, anthu kuganiza za mmene ndi moyo wa munthu. Ndipo komabe - kufotokoza mbali mu nkhondo magulu onse anali ndi maganizo ku kuphatikizapo boma ndi utsogoleri wake.