ZMZ-513: makhalidwe luso, zithunzi ndi ndemanga

Zavolzhye Engine Bzalani anayamba ntchito mu zoyambirira za m'ma 20. mu 1950 pamaziko a malonda, zinadziwika kuti atawalamula pafupifupi kwina. injini sanakwaniritse ziyeneretso amakono kwa unsembe pa galimoto katundu matayala ndipo inamva. kasamalidwe mbewu anaganiza kukhala osiyanasiyana injini kwa makampani magalimoto. Zinali yojambula weniweni. Pajatu kanali koyamba panali V woboola pakati zonenepa mu dziko. Tiyeni tione apangidwa zimaonetsa ZMZ-513, galimoto makhalidwe luso, ubwino ndi kuipa.

mwachidule

Polenga Zavolzhsky Bzalani injini V woboola pakati mtsinje kapangidwe malamulo anakankhira. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa injini akhoza kudzitama kwambiri luso ndi mphamvu makhalidwe. Engine ndi 195 ndiyamphamvu ndi wophatikizidwa ndi 3-liwiro basi. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu wagawo kukhoza kukhala dizilo ndi mafuta petulo, amene anali yabwino kwambiri.

Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti injini ZMZ-513 anakhala ndi ziweto otchuka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wotchuka kwambiri ndipo anafuna-pambuyo injini zoweta, amene ngakhale pa nthawi ino amamasulidwa ku osiyana zimagalimoto. Tiyeni tikhale bwino ndi chitsanzo 513th, omwe anali m'gulu la bwino kwambiri pa nthawi yake.

Kapangidwe ZMZ-513

Kwa ena mafakitale, amafuna wapadera kwa galimoto mtanda dziko. Ndi mu nkhani iyi anakhazikitsa chitsanzo ZMZ-513. mota Izi aikidwa pa magalimoto monga gasi, 53, 66, 3307 neri Al. Choncho, chitsanzo ichi ndi oyenera njira kwa pafupifupi mphamvu katundu. Dziwani kuti 513th sanali wangwiro. Iye anali ndi chilema wokongola kwambiri wondipereka mavuto pa ntchito. chakuti umodzi storey untuned wambiri zobwezedwa anapatsidwa mu kamangidwe. njira zomangamanga kwachititsa chakuti pa ntchito ya mphamvu pachikhalidwe anapanga otaya pulsation. Zimenezi, limakhudza anthu khalidwe la kusakaniza mafuta mpweya.

Zofunika ZMZ-513

Choyamba, kodi ndi okonza - ndi kupanga wapadera mawonekedwe poto ndi kutetezedwa ntchito zida zamagetsi. N'zotheka ntchito injini mapangidwe nkhanza. Nthawi zambiri, ZMZ-513 anamugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto a asilikali, makina ulimi ndiponso magalimoto aang'onoang'ono.

Monga tanenera kale pang'ono pamwamba, izi mamangidwe injini ndi wosavuta, koma odalirika kwambiri. V8 ichi, buku 4,25 lita, pa 3 400 kusintha / mphindi limapanga 97 kW, amene amachita zambiri. Kwa nthawi amenewo anali amphamvu kwambiri pachikhalidwe - 125 malita. a. Kumene, injini ano mkati kuyaka apita zotsogola. Tsopano Finyani kunja 1.5 mabuku a akavalo 300 ndipo zambiri. Psinjika chiŵerengero - 8.5, imene tingati ndi muyezo, koma mafuta yomweyo chidwi. Ngati recalculated monga kuchuluka kwa mafuta, likukhalira za 0,5 mayunitsi. Ngakhale kuti injini uyu anali mmodzi wa wotsiriza, amene zinalembedwa ku Soviet Union, lero iye ali otchuka.

deficiencies kandalama galimoto

Monga tanenera kale pang'ono pamwamba, ndi odalirika kwambiri mphamvu wagawo, limene lakonzedwa ntchito zinthu monyanyira. Koma ali ndi zovuta zake, nthawi zambiri zimachitika panthawi kwambiri inopportune. Mwachitsanzo, ngati galimoto ndi kuika pa ngodya, ndiye kuyamba injini kudzakhala kovuta. Tiyenera nthawi zonse podgazovyvat. Pa lathyathyathya pamwamba palibe vuto. Tiyambire pa chimfine - kuti akadali zovuta. Ngati sitata galimoto ndi kudzadzipeza, ndi mkati injini kuyaka ndi anayamba, ndiye pambuyo angapo masekondi, iye m'khola. Kusakhala ndi chochita wotere ndi sinkakhala. Iwo ali osavomerezeka m'mbuyo injini, ngati umenewu umatipatsa thonje utsi chitoliro ndi kuonjezera mafuta.

Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha vuto pa Motors ZMZ-511/513 ali kangaude. akalowa ake ndi breathable. Zokhazikidwa pano ndi imodzi yokha - m'malo. Kawirikawiri pambuyo mavuto onse kutha, ndi mphamvu wagawo akuyamba ntchito ngati clockwork.

Kudalirika mu kuphweka

monga njira zingapo mungathe kukwaniritsa digiri yapamwamba ya kudalirika:

• ntchito zigawo wabwino;
• wosalira kapangidwe ka galimoto ya;
• yowongolera msonkhano.

Kodi chinachitika mu Soviet Union? mfundo Ofunika anali wa khalidwe chokwanira. Koma kwambiri Ine anadwala zoyenera. Akatswiri Soviet anayesa kuchita khalidwe pazipita kuti galimoto ake ankachita popanda vuto.

Monga maziko injini chipika cha aloyi zotayidwa ankagwiritsa ntchito. Popeza injini V woboola pakati, iwo ali awiri mutu yamphamvu ndi kugwa kwa madigiri 90. chimodzi chokha camshaft anapereka kamangidwe. Nthawi yomweyo pakati pa atsogoleri okonza kuti anaika zobwezedwa wambiri. Komanso anakhazikitsa carburetor, fyuluta ndi ena machitidwe ena wothandiza. mafuta mpope waima kumbuyo kwa ZMZ, kutsogolo - madzi (mpope). Jenereta ndi mpope ntchito kudzera ndi kuyendetsa V-lamba ku crankshaft lapansi.

Crankshaft ndi pisitoni

Monga maziko a crankshaft ductile chitsulo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe Komanso doped ndi magnesium. Mkubwela kwa zosintha zina olimbana crankshaft Magazini anachita idawumitsidwa. Crankpins awiri a 60 mm, ndi mizu - 70 mm. Choncho, chisindikizo awiri mafuta inaperekedwa mu dongosolo, wina kutsogolo, kumbuyo chachiwiri crankshaft. Woyamba chinapangidwa ndi mphira ndi, samopodzhimnogo mtundu, wachiwiri - kuchokera chingwe asibesitosi.

Pistons 513 ZMZ-kuponyedwa aloyi zotayidwa. Iwo wosavuta mapulani ake, ndi tayala pansi. The awiri a pisitoni ndi 92 mm, ndi kukonza zamitundu 5 anapereka. Choncho, galimoto akhoza otkapitalit nthawi zambiri. Pa pisitoni ali grooves atatu analemba: awiri pansi mphete psinjika, chimodzi - ndi scraper.

Mafuta ndi kondomu dongosolo

Mu chitsanzo loyamba la ichi osiyanasiyana injini anaika carburettors K 126, zomwe zina chifukwa Mwachangu otsika mukanalankhula K-135. galimoto eni ambiri kukulitsa unsembe wa galimoto ndi zina ndalama dongosolo mafuta. Carburetors ntchito chipinda wapawiri, pakuti uliwonse yamphamvu ku zipinda osiyana aziwapatsa mafuta. Pafupi ndi sefa chabwino ili.

Wokwera pa injini chipika imodzi kapena ziwiri chidutswa zida mtundu mafuta mpope. Osati gawo chabwino, koma ntchito bwino ndipo maintainability. mpope ali lotengeka ndi kayendedwe ka camshaft, ndi zakudya za mafuta sump ziwalo mafuta wolandila ntchito. Koma imathandiza mafuta engine. Kenako nyengo yonse ya machitidwe a galimoto, ife ntchito zosiyanasiyana Zosefera. Choyamba, anapereka fyuluta centrifugal ndi zonse otaya, ndipo panopa ntchito zochotseka fyuluta amafotokozera, amene yabwino kwambiri ndi opindulitsa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti injini uyu ali ndi dongosolo kwambiri za chitetezo mafuta njala. Ngati mpope ndi anaima, ndiye kudula pini pa galimoto lake, motero, lonse mkati kuyaka injini alimira motero anakhalabe wawo.

Reviews ziziyenda ndi akatswiri

Pankhani ndemanga madalaivala anakumana, chinachake injini izi, ambiri akulabadira. Makamaka, taonani kudzichepetsa kwa injini kuyaka mkati ndi gwero ake m'malo okwezeka ndi kukonza moyenera komanso kuisamalira. ZMZ-513 nthawi zambiri uprated ntchito pa magalimoto a asilikali. Variable psinjika ntchito pa utsi ndi octeni otsika. Zonsezi zikusonyeza lingathe lalikulu la Soviet V woboola pakati eyiti.

madalaivala ambiri amanena kuti injini izi sizinali zolakwika. Koma maintainable kwambiri. Choncho ndi zipangizo zonse zofunikira, vuto zidzachotsedwa m'munda pa bondo. Ndi injini ano, zomwe ndi udindo zamagetsi onse, njira imeneyi si ntchito. Ambiri, 13 mwa oyendetsa chikondi ndi ambiri ngakhale lero ntchito chifukwa cha ndalama zake otsika yokonza.

A pang'ono za kamangidwe

Lero, nthawi zambiri anaika injector. ZMZ-513 ndi dongosolo mafuta okwanira umakhala ndalama ndi khola. Ngati carburetor pa kutentha m'nyanja zinachititsa kuti mafuta kuwira ndi kutenthedwa kwa dongosolo mafuta okwanira, a injectors ndi vuto palibe.

Popeza gwero koyamba sizinali choncho kwambiri ndipo ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri, ziziyenda ambiri anasintha galimoto. Kuti tichite zimenezi, tiyenera kutenga mbali pa ZMZ chomwecho, kenaka zosintha. Tikaganizira zikunena akhoza ayesedwa ngati kukonzanso wathunthu, koma ayezi gwero chinawonjezeka ndi anthu pafupifupi 35%. Choncho, ndalama imene kumbuyo kudya mokwanira.

Moyenera komanso kusamala opareshoni

injini aliyense akusowa zodziwitsa ndipo anakonza kukonza yaikulu. Koma ngati munakonza ntchito luso ziyenela kuchitidwa aliyense 20,000 Km, malingana unit mphamvu, ndiye pamene nthawi ifika kapitalki, izo zimatengera dalaivala. Kudzapeza moyo wa galimoto ya tikulimbikitsidwa:

• nthawi kusintha mafuta m'thupi ndipo kuwayang'anira mlingo wake;
• nthawi kuyendera dongosolo yozizira kupewa kutenthedwa;
• yesani kugwiritsa ntchito 513th wofatsa.

Zonse izi zidzathandiza zokulitsa moyo wa galimoto zingapo. Kumene, sitiyenera amapatula zotheka kapangidwe zolakwika ndi zilema kupanga. Zonse izi zimachitika, koma nthawi zambiri kuposa 13 kunja kwa dongosolo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa yokonza yoyenera. M'malo mafuta, mafuta ndi mpweya fyuluta kwenikweni si zovuta. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ntchito imeneyi adzasintha mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mafuta.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale masiku ano, nthawi zambiri kuika ZMZ-513 UAZ. Ndipotu, iye ali ndi kukula mwachilungamo ang'ono ndi zamagetsi kochepa. Popeza pafupifupi inawo kuvumbitsira osavuta kumva, kukhalabe, ngakhale motorman novice. mota Izi Timutamandetu mkulu mwa akatswiri ambiri m'banja. N'zosadabwitsa, ngakhale lero kubala injini mkati kuyaka kuti akhala kusinthidwa pang'ono. Izi osachepera zikusonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu. Ndipotu ntchito mwadala analephera, palibe kukhazikitsa.

Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri khalidwe la zigawo zoweta, ndi ziwalo monga pistons, zotchinga ndi zambiri, masamba kwambiri wolakalakika. Choncho, m'madera ena anagulidwa kuchokera opanga yachilendo. Imeneyi timapitiriza khalidwe la msonkhano ndi injini kudalirika. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono makina komanso chimagwira ntchito yaikulu.

Nthawi zambiri, ZMZ-513 injini, makhalidwe amene takambirana kuchilingalira. Ngati ntchito ya amagetsi molondola, musalumphe ndi katundu kololeka, kusunga mawu procedural wa utumiki, ndiye izo kutumikira mokhulupirika kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati izo zifika nthawi imene mukufuna kukonza lalikulu, palibe cholakwika ndi zimenezo. Mbali ndalama mu nkhani iyi silingakhale pa 15 zikwi rubles.