Vordsvort Uilyam, wolemba ndakatulo: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Uilyam Vordsvort, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso ndiwo mutu wa takambiranazi, ankhaimilira waukulu wa romanticism motsogozedwa English mabuku. ntchito yake kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza kusintha kwa classicism kuti romanticism. malo ake ndi nzeru zaumunthu nyimbo ndi Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha dziko ndakatulo cholowa.

makhalidwe General

Vordsvort Uilyam anali kuimira wanzeru yake, ntchito yake kuzioneka pa nkhani ya chi. M'zaka za m'ma 18 kachitidwe lalikulu mu mabuku English anali Classicism. Komabe, pofika cha m'ma pakhala chizolowezi kusamukira mawu chimatsogoleredwa ndi chikondi. Izi makamaka anatsimikiza mtima mosavuta zochita za chi, ndicho chakuti kufunika mu lingaliro ndale komanso mabuku a ntchito ambiri ankaimba a Rousseau. Kuwakweza mwambo wa chikhalidwe ndi chifanizo cha mmene anthu, maganizo, umunthu zamaganizo andithandiza kwambiri maganizo mabwalo ophunzira a nthawi. Komanso, English mabuku kale anali zinachitikira polenga sonnets, zithunzi chikhalidwe ndi bwino nyimbo. Ntchito za William Shakespeare, Chaucer D., D. Milton anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa ntchito a ndakatulo iyi.

Childhood, unyamata ndi ulendo

Vordsvort Uilyam anabadwa mu 1770 mu Cumberland County. Iye anali mwana wa kasamalidwe wothandizila malo. mnyamata imatumizidwa ku sukulu ku North Lancashire, komwe adalandira maphunziro abwino: anaphunzira mabuku akale ndi English, masamu. Koma chofunika kwambiri chinali chakuti mwanayo adakula mu chikhalidwe, amene anali pa Ndinalowerera wokondwa yaikulu. Zinali ndiye kuti chibwenzi ndi mitunda, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa njira yaikulu m'ntchito zake m'nyimbo. Vordsvort Uilyam anapita ku University Cambridge, kumene analamulira m'mlengalenga mwampikisano, amene sanabwere sanakonde wake.

Komabe, m'zaka wake sukulu chinthu chofunika kwambiri: patchuthi mnyamata ndi mnzake anapitiriza ulendo wapansi kwa France kumene ndinangopezeka kusokonekera chosintha. Iwo anachititsa chidwi chachikulu pa ndakatulo iyi. Pamodzi ndi mnzake anafika ku m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Italy. ulendo Zimenezi zinali zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake: pansi kuganiza kwa iye Vordsvort Uilyam analemba chidwi chake choyamba ntchito ( "Yendani"). Kale Powafotokozera mfundo yaikulu ya kulenga ndakatulo wolemba: osakaniza zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi nzeru. Tikhoza kunena kuti ndakatulo imeneyi ndi limodzi mwa ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri. Iye anagwira ntchito kwambiri pa izo, ndiponso yotsatira, zaka okhwima, bongo, timalembanso, ndi kulowetsa mbali latsopano mmenemo.

kusintha

Vordsvort Uilyam pambuyo maphunziro anadzipereka zilandiridwenso ndakatulo. Komabe, 1790s anali nthawi yovuta kwa iye, popeza mpa nthawi ya zokhumudwitsa mu French kuukira boma. Komanso, ndi zopweteka kwambiri anazindikira chifukwa chakuti dziko ake anapita kukamenyana France. Zonsezi zinachititsa kuti maganizo, choncho ndi ndakatulo nyengo ndi utoto malankhulidwe mdima. Koma, Mwamwayi, sizinakhalitse, chifukwa posachedwapa, Uilyam Vordsvort, amene ndakatulo akadali ankasiyana wozingwa ndi chisoni, anadziwa Coleridge, amenenso anali ndakatulo. oyamba Izi chaka chimodzi wakula mu ubwenzi wolimba, amene anali kuberekana mtengo mgwirizano wawo, makamaka alimbikitsa kulenga ya wolemba.

"Great khumi"

Ndicho chimene chimatchedwa zapakati pa 1797 ndi 1808 mu mbiri ya ndakatulo iyi. Vordsvort Uilyam, amene ntchito tsopano ndi phokoso chosiyana, analowa nthawi ya changu kulenga. Abwenzi pakati paulendo ku Germany ndi asanawatumizire anaganiza kumasula magulu ntchito ndakatulo amene anayenera kusonyeza maganizo awo pa mabuku ano. Coleridge anali kulemba ballad kalembedwe ndi zosowa, ndi bwenzi lake - ndi chimatsogoleredwa ndi chikondi nyimbo. Komabe, woyamba m'gulu mndandanda wa okwana ntchito za zisanu, ndi wotsala wokwatibwa ndi wothandiza wake. Chifukwa ayenera anafuna chakuti Coleridge anatenga kulemba m'Chiarabu mu mzimu miyambo English, T. E. Mu ziwembu zovuta syllable kwambiri. Ngakhale ndakatulo mu chingelezi mnzake ankasiyana tisaletse ndi kuphweka. otchulidwa Wake adanena kumvetsa komanso mosavuta aliyense kulankhula, kunali luso lofunika kwa nthawi.

mfundo kulenga

chopereka ndi chidwi ndi chakuti mu kope ake wachiwiri oyamba Wordsworth anapanga oyamba, yomwe imakamba za malamulo motsogozedwa polemba ndakatulo awo. Iye ananena kuti m'Chiarabu wake m'nyimbo ndi nkhani zochokera podziŵa kuti anazindikira ndipo anafotokoza momwe izo zinkawoneka kuti iye. Ndipo moyo, chikhalidwe ndi moyo a ndakatulo anaona ngati kusonyezedwa a chilengedwe chonse. Wordsworth anati kuti kufunika kuzindikira ndi amasonyeza malo awo osavuta, yomveka bwino ndiponso kumveka. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti sitiyenera kusokoneza chilichonse pamene munakonza ntchito mabuku ngati malamulo a chilengedwe cha uthunthu, iwo ayenera kumwedwa nthawi yomweyo, popanda philosophizing zosafunika. Mu dongosolo ili kuzindikira chikoka cha Rousseau, amene anaimba matamando a moyo wa munthu mu chilolo zachilengedwe ndipo anatsindika artificiality moyo m'tawuni.

zithunzi Ofunika

English Wordsworth ndakatulo amasiyana wopepuka zikuchokera, koma mbali yawo khalidwe ndi mitundu chifaniziro cha chilengedwe, zokumana wauzimu ndi zakuya nzeru. Chinali chatsopano English mabuku a nthawi. Komanso, wolemba wapanga ngwazi anthu wamba za ntchito zake: mu masamba a ndakatulo yake pali kupemphapempha, akuyendayenda, akhate, amalonda oyendayenda. mtundu wa khalidwe anali zatsopano English mabuku, ndipo si zonse mwakamodzi anayamikira anapeza ndakatulo iyi. Ena nthawi ngakhale otsutsa zolembalemba ankamutsutsa chifukwa luso zimenezi.

Wina khalidwe la fano ndakatulo yake - munthu, poona kuti sanachitiridwe zachilungamo chikhalidwe. Wordsworth zikuchepa kwambiri anadzudzula kumenya nkhondo ndi analemba sewero "Anthu a Lina," amene akuonetsedwa zoopsa ndi anthu amene amamenyedwa. Pomaliza, mbali yaikulu ya cholowa analenga amatenga fano la yekha. Wolemba ndakatulo analemba autobiography wake mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, amatchedwa "zing'wenyeng'wenye". Iwo kusiyana ndi chithunzi yeniyeni kuwerenga maganizo a anthu ndi zinachitikira maganizo a chikhalidwe, amene mosamala njira ya chitukuko analenga wolemba ndakatulo. Chifaniziro cha wolemba tiyenera kumvetsa onse a ndakatulo ake.

ntchito zina

Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mlembi nyimbozo ndi ndakatulo za chikhalidwe komanso zimene zinachitikira moyo wa munthu. Makamaka mtundu chifaniziro cha chilengedwe. Uilyam Vordsvort, "Daffodils" lomwe ndi limodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino koposa za ndakatulo zake m'nyimbo, chachikulu ndi kusangalala kukongola kwa dziko loyandikira. Mu ndakatulo imeneyi iye adayimba kukongola kwa maluwa, mu otentha kwambiri sonorous nthetemya mawonekedwe. Ntchito imeneyi losiyana melodiousness kwambiri komanso malowedwe.

Wina wa ntchito wake wotchuka wotchedwa "Pa Westminster Bridge." Uilyam Vordsvort kulengedwanso panorama wa London Komabe, anafotokoza osati malo a m'tawuni, koma pa zochitika zachilengedwe. Ambiri, mzinda weniweniwo pafupifupi sangapezeke mwa ntchito za ndakatulo iyi. Iye ali wa kwathunthu kwa mudzi, mudzi ndi chikhalidwe.

nthawi ina

M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi wa moyo ndakatulo ndi sankawabisira kutha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kudzoza wake ndakatulo. Mu maphunziro zolembalemba kusiyanitsa "oyambirira" ndi "mochedwa" Wordsworth. Ndipo ngati gawo loyamba la ntchito yake zinali zodzaza ndi zinthu bwino ndi zogwirizana, nthawi ina yodziwika ndi boma katundu wa mumtima. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa zomvetsa lenileni la wolemba: iye anali wokwiya kwambiri ndi imfa ya mlongo wake wokondedwa, amene moyo wake wonse, ndi imfa ya ana ake awiri. Komanso, iye asaluza mbale wake, anamira inali imodzi mwa ndege, komanso monga bwenzi lake Coleridge. Komabe, pa nthawi iyi, iye analenga mndandanda wa sonnets okongola ndi ntchito elegiac amene zinapatsira ndi chisoni, chisoni ndi kuwawa. Izi kenako ntchito katundu wake ali wamkulu nthanthi kuposa ntchito kale imene anapambana amalingalira wosangalala kuona malo bwinobwino. Wolemba ndakatulo anafa 1850 mu County kumene iye anabadwa.

chilengedwe mtengo

The ndakatulo ya Wordsworth anali chikhomo sitepe mu mapangidwe English Romanticism. Mu kutsutsa ano zolembalemba ndi Coleridge wa m'badwo akulu a romantics. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wolemba ndakatulo si yomweyo litavomereza. Only mu 1830s, ndi zimene anachita mu mabuku alandira mphoto. omvetsera anakhala chabwino zolemba zake, ndi Mfumukazi kumulola mutu wa ndakatulo laureate. Iye ankadziwika mu Russia. Choncho, Pushkin wake chikondwerero "Sonnet" anatchula dzina la wolemba ndakatulo English ngati wolemba wotchuka kwambiri.