Zolinga za Bank ku Central wa ku Russia komanso njira awo kukhazikitsa

M'mayiko ambiri mu dziko adzaika National Bank, ndi udindo kugwira ntchito zachuma. Mu Russia, mphamvu zoterozo wopatsidwa ndi Bank of Russia. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russian - osiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri ya ntchito. Bwino njira kumadalira bata ndi mayendedwe a chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko. ndi zolinga zenizeni za Bank of Russia chiyani? Kodi dongosolo lake bungwe, ndi mmene kumathandiza kuti njira ya ntchito mu bungwe la?

General zokhudza CBR

The Bank of Russia - bungwe lalamulo, ukugwira payekhapayekha matupi boma. Komabe, ntchito yake ndi mlandu wa State Duma, ndipo likulu ovomerezeka ndiponso zinthu zina za bungwe ndi katundu wa boma. Cholinga, ntchito ndi ntchito za Bank Russia lonse ofanana ndi amene ali ndi mabanki dziko m'mayiko ena.

Makamaka, Bank chapakati - yekha bungwe lomwe ali ndi ufulu kuti apereke ndalama ya dziko, ndi kulinganiza makope ake mu chuma. CBR si wokhudzidwa ndi malipoti msonkho, izo amanyamula ndalama ndi amapeza ndalama. Cholinga cha Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia si kulimbikitsa kuphedwa kwa maudindo a boma, ndipo mosemphanitsa. Pokhapokha, ndithudi, pangano osiyana silitchula ayi.

Tiyeni tsopano tione akamanena za zolinga chifungulo cha mkulu wa bungwe Russia a kubanki.

Zolinga zikuluzikulu za Bank ku Central Akuluakulu a ku Russia

Mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a Chilamulo Federal № 86 10.06.2002 chaka, amene nthawi ntchito za Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, zolinga zikuluzikulu za Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia zotsatirazi.

Choyamba, ndi chitetezo cha Russian ndalama mitundu - ndi ruble - kuchokera kusinthasintha kusinthitsa ndalama ndipo zotsatira zongopeka. Kachiwiri, ndi wamakono ndi chitukuko cha boma la dongosolo kubanki. Chachitatu, kuonetsetsa kugwira ntchito njira malipiro mu boma.

Taganizirani deta chandamale cha Bank ku Central wa Russian Federation kwambiri.

Chitetezo cha ndalama national

Limati zambiri zamakono kusinthitsa ndalama aumbike makamaka chifukwa cha momasuka-lizigwira limagwirira a kapezedwe ndi kufunika kumsika lonse. Zingati ayenera ruble anatsimikiza, motero zinakhudza ndi zinthu zina zachuma.

Goals, zofunika kuchita ndi zochita za ntchito za Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia makamaka umalimbana kuzindikira mwa mfundozi ndi amene bwanji ndalama zimene dziko la Russia zoipa, mulibe msika chikhalidwe. Ngakhale ngati zochita zawo ndi zomveka ndithu, koma ntchito si chidwi cha Bank State wa Russia amatsutsa iwo. Kodi? Kudzera njira?

Choyamba, ndi wozengereza, ngati n'koyenera, kuwombola yachilendo phukusi - kugula kapena malonda a magawo kupezeka kwa ndalama dziko kapena zakunja pofuna kuwonjezera kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kuchepetsa mlingo wa kotunga ake mu msika. Kupanga Mwachitsanzo, ndi ubweya wa madola m'dera msika imene ruble kugulitsana, Bank ku Central akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo wake. Nawonso ndalama dziko la Chitaganya cha Russia zodula.

Koma tsopano malamulo cheni cha Bank ku Central la Russia anafuna kuchepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi njira msika wa ruble lapansi. Makamaka zimenezi chifukwa chakuti gwero chachikulu kwa Bank chapakati kuwombola yachilendo phukusi - nkhokwe ndalama za boma. Chifukwa zotsatira za mavuto mumaganiza kasamalidwe CBR wakonda akuletsani pa phukusi mu njira msika kuti apange maphunzirowa.

Kukula kwa dongosolo banki

Zolinga za Bank ku Central Akuluakulu a ku Russia amenewa amatithandiza kugwira ntchito ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo banki dziko. Ntchito njira CBR ndi njira anauyamba Pankhaniyi angathe kuwonetsa osiyanasiyana. Ndani mwa iwo ndi ofunika?

Choyamba, ndi lamulo normative a mabanki. CBR limafalitsa zochita zalamulo malamulo makonzedwe a ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma omwe amapezeka boma, mtchalitchi ndi mabungwe; amakhazikitsa mfundo za malipoti azachuma msonkho kwa zisudzo ndi zogwirizana. M'pofunika, poyamba pa zonse, pofuna kuteteza zofuna za makasitomala a mabanki - depositors, zopalira nkhani panopa, borrowers.

Kachiwiri, ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi mawerengedwe a mtengo mulingo woyenera wa mlingo kiyi. Izi miyeso ndalama chizindikiro makamaka ndi mmene mtengo ngongole adzakhala kukhazikitsa banki pawekha Bank ku Central kuti patsogolo ntchito ndalama anabwereka kwa ntchito yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo, zokhudzana ndi makonzedwe a ngongole yake. Ngati mlingo chifungulo cha Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, mkulu, adzawuka mu mtengo ndi Kuyamikira wosindikiza mabanki payekha.

Chachitatu, magombe chapakati, tikamachita zinthu kuthandiza kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo banki dziko, bungwe la kuwunika ntchito kiyi mwa mabungwe Kupititsa zopereka. A mbali yaikulu ya ndikupeleka ndalama udzadutsa iwo komanso kuchita malinga ndi malamulo a CBR.

Ntchito njira malipiro

Zolinga za Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia mulinso yokonza wa asilikali malipiro mkati boma. Popeza kuti ntchito zofunika kwambiri ngongole ano ndi mabungwe ena azachuma - si madipoziti, ngongole ndi ntchito kasamalidwe ndalama, komanso kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa ankayendetsa zachuma zokhudza anthu, mabizinesi payekha, mabungwe aboma, zisudzo lonse.

Russian nzika kapena mlendo athe kulipira kwa anthu ena ndi mabungwe mwa zida zosiyanasiyana: nkhani za anthu, makhadi kupyolera mu njira ya mabungwe ngongole sanali banki. Kuunikira kugwira ntchito mitsinje ziwalo - mmodzi wa ntchito ya CBR.

Chapakati Bank Ntchito mderali wonse imagwiridwa ndi zimagwirira yemweyo amene zogwirizana m'mbuyomo ntchito malangizo CB. Ichi ndi chifukwa makonzedwe a dongosolo kubanki. CBR limafalitsa mfundo lolamulira wotuluka imachitika kudzera njira zosiyana, oyang'anira ntchito imeneyi. The ntchito mabungwe ngongole sanali banki, kuchita zofunikira malipiro, lomwe ndi boma, kumadalira mmene ndi ntchito za ngongole wamba ndi mabungwe ena azachuma, pa ubwino wa mlingo chifungulo cha Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Tafotokoza chandamale cha Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia (Bank of Russia) amati kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito zina. Timaphunzira kulunjika awo.

Ntchito ya Bank ku Central

CBR ali nkhani zikuluzikulu:

• nawo pamodzi ndi boma chitukuko zinthu ndalama mfundo boma;
• akupereka ndondomeko mu nkhani yekha wa ruble ndi kuonetsetsa umakopa chuma Russian;
• Imakhala ndalama ku mabungwe ngongole si boma mu mawonekedwe a ngongole amapereka refinancing ngongole chikalata;
• Iwo imalongosola malamulo monga lomwe chuma Russian akutsatiridwa ankayendetsa zachuma;
• amakhazikitsa mfundo za ntchito zosiyanasiyana banki;
• oyang'anira ndi wotuluka utumiki mu nkhani za bajeti ya la Russia;
• kutaya mu zotchulidwa chikhalidwe nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo ya boma;
• adzakhala anawerenga ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma, apereke iwo chiphatso kapena M'malo mwake, amapha iwo ngati detects kuyan'anila za mabungwe malamulo banki;
• kuchititsa ndondomeko kuwombola yachilendo ulamuliro;
• Izo zimatengera pa malamulo ndi kuthetsa Russia ndi mabungwe zisudzo mayiko;
• amakhazikitsa mfundo za akawunti ndi malipoti azachuma mkati yamtunduwu awo;
• amasankha mtengo wa ndalama national pa msika lonse ndipo akuchita kufalitsidwa yake;
• nawo mawerengedwe a muyezo wa malipiro a boma la chuma;
• nthawi ntchito za kuphana ndalama;
• Iwo akuchita ntchito mawunikidwe ndi mbali ya kuphunzira njira zachuma pa mlingo wa chuma cha boma lonse, komanso ndi dera;
• kumaphatikizapo kuteteza chuma cha depositors banki.

Poganizira za cholinga cha ntchito ndi ntchito ya Bank ku Central la Russia, tikhoza kufufuza maonekedwe a dongosolo gulu la waukulu mabungwe ndalama la Russia. Ife kufufuza kuyamba pa zifukwa zimene mfundo ziti mwa dongosolo la gulu la ntchito za Bank ku Central mawu a ntchito yogawa wa bungwe la magulu a mkati mwa CBR.

CB kapangidwe: Mfundo kasamalidwe bungwe

Monga ife tikudziwa kale, chandamale cha Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia monga kuteteza ndalama Russian, kuonetsetsa dongosolo banki ndi njira malipiro mu boma. Kukwaniritsa aliyense wa iwo adzatenge, poyamba pa zonse, ndi mgwirizano wa Bank of Russia ndi zofuna za nzika zina za boma lamulo la chuma, mwachitsanzo, ndi Boma Russian. Izi njira amapanga imodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu za CBR - interagency mgwirizano.

Ntchito za waukulu banki bungwe la Chitaganya cha Russia kumafuna mavuto kuthetsa osati ulamuliro la feduro, komanso maiko oyandikana. Choncho, Bank maofesi Russia woimira ntchito mu madera onse a Russia. ntchito zawo ikuchitika amaganizira mfundo centralization, pamene onse a mabungwe mlandu kwa ofesi yaikulu ndi ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo mwakuchita iwo.

Pamwamba tinaona kuti cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndi ntchito ya Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia kwambiri inakula. Choncho mfundo ina ya ntchito za bungwe - zinchito magulu specialization. Aliyense wa nyumba ya gombe la mkati akugwira ntchito akatswiri ndi wokhoza apamwamba ntchitoyo.

Wina mfundo ya CBR - pa Kulekana kwa mphamvu za yopangira chisankho pakati pa ofesi m'chigawo chapakati ndi maofesi oyandikana. Timanena kuti ntchito ya Bank of Russia mabungwe mu zigawo malinga ndi malamulo mwakuchita ofesi yaikulu ya Bank wa Central. Komabe, kudziyimira pawokha ena ochokera mayunitsi dera la banki mabungwe waukulu la Russia mpaka pano, ichi ndi kuzindikira mfundo mu funso, amachita.

Kapangidwe ka Bank ku Central Akuluakulu a ku Russia: gulu la kasamalidwe bungwe

Ife tsopano yofufuza zimene kodi matupi chifungulo cha Bank ku Central anapereka dongosolo la ulamuliro. Kuti zinthu monga:

• The National Council kubanki.
• ofesi yaikulu ya bungweli.
• The bodi a Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia.
• nyumba Local.
• RCC.
• Asilikali mayunitsi.

Tidzaphunzira zambiri awo enieni.

Bungwe banki National

The nyumba zikuluzikulu za Bank ku Central, kuonetsetsa kugwira ntchito za bungwe zikuphatikizapo National Council kubanki. Iye thupi collegial wa m'banja. Pamwamba tinaona kuti cholinga Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia si kuthandiza boma udindo wake komanso chakuti ntchito ya bungwe lalikulu Russian ndalama mlandu kwa apolisi.

Komabe, chitsanzo cha Council National banki unkagwiritsidwa, kuchita, ndi kudalira a Bank ku Central ndi boma kungakhale kwambiri. chakuti zikuchokera Bungwe la National wa Bank ku Central ntchito oimira Bungwe la Federation, boma Duma, ndi RF boma komanso anthu ndi mutsogoleli wadziko la Chitaganya cha Russia. Wapampando wa Bank ku Central Akuluakulu a ku Russia komanso ntchito monga mbali ya Bank ku Central ya kapangidwe ankaona.

gulu la oyang'anira

Yotsatira zofunika kwambiri chiwalo cha Bank ku Central - ndi bodi. Iye ankaona wamkulu apamwamba a dongosolo banki ndi ndiyo malangizo amene ntchito adzawonjezeka Bank ku Central la Russia, zolinga ndi mipherezero ya m'banja. mapangidwe ake ali kufanana ena ndondomeko likhale akuluakulu ena a Council National kubanki.

Choncho, Bank of Central la Chitaganya cha Russia amaona kapangidwe ka ntchito wapampando wa Bank ku Central, komanso 12 mamembala wamba, nthawi zonse kuchita ntchito ntchito kubanki. The zikuchokera kwa Bank of Russia bodi aumbike mwa nawo mwachindunji wa State Duma ndi mutsogoleli wadziko Russian. Apanso agona ndi chakuti kudalira a Bank ku Central boma kuchita akadali ndithu, ngakhale kuti Bank ku Central mwalamulo - palokha wa bungwe la boma.

The bodi a Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia, amene amasankha cholinga, ntchito ndi ntchito za Bank of Russia adzakomana osachepera 1 nthawi pamwezi. Kapangidwe Izi zimapangitsa zochita pa nkhani ya ruble, atakhala mfundo zothandiza mabanki payekha, mapangidwe mndandanda wa ngongole wamalonda ndi sheya ena ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti ngongole Bank Central, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwongola dzanja, malire wotuluka msika, ngongole panopa Mwachitsanzo, poganizira kuthekera yosintha. Chapakati Bank bodi akuchita supervisory ndi kulamulira ntchito.

ofesi Central ndi dongosolo Kupititsa

The zofunika kuchita ndi zochita za ntchito ya Bank ku Central ndi poyamba udindo Likulu wagawo, koma kenako mu chimango cha njira anakhazikitsa anapatsa mlingo wa nyumba Kupititsa ya CBR. Komanso, CA ukufanizidwa ndi mayunitsi zosiyanasiyana zinchito kuti ali ndi udindo yothetsera mavuto a ichi kapena danga. nyumba izi mlandu wa bodi ndi mutu wa Bank ku Central Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi nkhani ya kukhazikitsa mfundo amawatenga iwo. M'madera a ntchito Bank Central, nayenso, azinyamula waukulu Kupititsa magulu a bungwe kubanki. Chifungulo cha vuto - kukhazikitsa njira lofala Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko kasamalidwe ndalama anatengera pa mlingo la feduro.

Mpingo wa Roma Katolika ndi mayunitsi lankhondo la Bank ku Central

Pamwamba tinaona kuti zolinga za Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia monga ntchito yokonza kugwira ntchito ya boma dongosolo kubanki. Pakati waukulu structural mayunitsi, kukhala ndi wokhoza zofunika kwa cholinga choyenera - malo ndalama kuthetsa Bank of Russia.

mabungwe amenewa anawagawa mutu, tikamachita zinthu m'madera, komanso yapakati-dera. Akamagwira ntchito yokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa wotuluka yapakati-gombe, kukonza mabungwe ngongole sanali boma ndi nkhani bajeti.

Yotsatira mtundu zofunika kwambiri mabungwe m'gulu kapangidwe CBR - mayunitsi asilikali. ntchito yawo - yokonza ankayendetsa zachuma, omwe ndi nzika za mabungwe osiyanasiyana mkati mwa chimango cha Russian onyamula Zikuchititsa.

Choncho, takambirana ntchito kiyi chapakati banki, zolinga za Bank ku Central wa Russian Federation ndi njira kukhazikitsa awo. Waukulu Russian banki - bungwe wolemera, zovuta dongosolo lomwe lili osiyanasiyana competencies mu gawo ndalama.

Pa dzanja limodzi, Bank ku Central ndi mwalamulo yosadalira pa boma, pa zina - aumbike mwa mwachindunji chotenga mbali. Komanso Bank ku Central akuchita ntchito zake zofuna za nyumba ena amanena.