Zomera ku Antarctica: mwachidule ndi maonekedwe a nyama Antarctic

Zingatanthauze kuti pa Pole South, mu akutali ozizira Antarctica, chilichonse kukula. Iwo amanena kuti nyengo kwambiri ofanana Mars yekha kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Ndipo mawu kwambiri "Antarctic mbewu" wina ngati chotheka, opusa nthabwala. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Zomera Antarctica kulibe, ngakhale monga yaikulu mndandanda wa mitundu. Inde, zinthu zooneka ndi pempho, iwo sangathe kudzitama.

mudziwe mbiri ya zomera za Antarctica

Lero palibe chinsinsi kuti ndi Mesozoic kontinenti ya Antarctica unali likulu lalikulu kwambiri mapangidwe zomera. Komabe, kuzirala lonse kwambiri kwadzaoneni zomera m'dzikoli ichi, kukakamizidwa amasamukira ambiri zomera ndi kumpoto kwa mabacteria ofunda.

Kwa nthawi yaitali yankho la funso "zimene zomera ndi ku Antarctica" anali lonena: ndere, mabakiteriya, lichens, bowa, ndere ndi zakutchire mitundu yochepa ya mbewu apamwamba a dongosolo la zitsamba. Komabe, mu 1829, patapita zaka khumi Atapeza Antarctica, dziko lonse anadabwa uthenga umene South Mahatchi Islands, duwa woyamba anatulukira. Komabe, kampira kufala kwa mitundu apamwamba zomera yochepa digiri 64 kum'mwera kumpoto pa Antarctic Peninsula.

Chaka chilichonse lotseguka zambiri zatsopano za zomera za m'mbali nkhanza. Asayansi kudabwa dziko ndi malipoti a zomera anapeza pano. Ndipo tsopano funso "zimene zomera kukula mu Antarctica" Yankho si mophweka monga momwe analiri poyamba, pamene asayansi sanachite choncho mwakhama ntchito kafukufuku apa.

Madzi oyera algae wa Pole South

Antarctic zomera - dera lodabwitsali - umaimiridwa ndi buluu wobiriwira algae. Iwo, pamodzi ndi bakiteriya ndiponso ndere kuphimba pansi pa matupi madzi abwino. zomera zimapanga Antarctica mucous wandiweyani kutumphuka.

Buluu wobiriwira algae - imodzi mwa mbewu wamkulu m'dzikoli. Ndipotu awo unayambira zotsalira anapezeka pamalo a mchere anaperekedwa kwa "kumtunda" ndi asayansi. Chilimwe madzi oyera algae kuphimba lonse pamwamba madamu. Iwo ndinazolowera kuthetsa ngakhale mu chisanu, pang'ono anasungunuka dzuwa. Tosaoneka wofiira, wachikasu ndi wobiriwira algae ndi limodzi ake kupanga udzu owala, mawanga mtundu tofanana pamwamba pa phale la chithunzicho.

An chodabwitsa chodabwitsa zachilengedwe - wofiira chisanu - kumeneko chifukwa cha tosaoneka wofiira algae. Ndi gusts awo amphamvu mphepo kuichotsa pamwamba, kukwezedwa m'mwamba, kuphatikiza ndi mbewu matalala, ndi kugwera mmbuyo pansi, polenga nkhambakamwa wa chisanu wofiira.

Malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi, ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri osiyana a algae. Ambiri a iwo a diatoms lapansi.

ndere Antarctic

Ndipo mu nyanja Antarctic angapezeke Seaweed chiphona kutalika kwa meters zana limodzi makumi asanu ndi mphambu mazana atatu, ndipo amatchedwa maktotsitas. Dzina la zomera odziwikiratu, chifukwa ntchito yomasulira mawu zikumveka ngati "krupnokletochnik". Ndipo kwenikweni, kukula kwa maselo makrotsitasa ndi chachikulu poyerekeza ndi maselo ena mbewu.

Antarctic nyanja kuli anthu ndi awa zomera zodabwitsa. madera awo ndi mtundu weniweni nkhalango m'madzi!

Lichens ku Antarctica

Ambiri pambuyo algae zomera za Antarctica limaoneka ndi ndere - iwo ali pano pali mitundu oposa mazana atatu. Lichens a mbewu m'munsi kalasi, anam'patsa ngati kudalirana wa bowa ndi ndere. Ena mitundu ya zomera Antarctic kudzitama superdrevneyshey awo pedigree - iwo ali zaka zoposa zikwi khumi. Mu zone ya Antarctic lichens kusamalira kukula pakati pa miyala. Ndipo, kugwira cheza osowa dzuwa, akamagwira dzuwa pano.

Kukwapula zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya lichens. Apa anapeza kuwala wobiriwira, wowala lalanje, zholtenkie, nondescript imvi wakuda ... mwamtheradi! Mwina ambiri zambiri mukhoza kukumana ndi wakuda ndere pigment - mwachilungamo osowa chodabwitsa mu dziko. Izi zimachitika chifukwa yosavuta kuti mitundu amathandiza chomera kuyamwa kuchuluka pazipita dzuwa ndi kutentha, amene ali osowa mu Pole South.

Lichens kuti ndinazolowera mphepo mphamvu zochuluka kuti Agwedeza pano. Choncho, gwiritsa miyala, amene kukula kupanga kutumphuka wandiweyani. Scrape kapena tinyamuke zomera kungakhale kokha ndi mpeni. Iwo amatchedwa - "lichens lonse."

Pali lichens leafy, amene ngakhale kupanga mtundu wa kufanana kunja maluwa, Kasungu, amene kukula ngati tchire kakang'ono. Koma ena asankha okha ndi kuchita malo kulenga kwa resettlement - padziko Moss.

Lichens kukula mu nyengo Antarctic kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa chitukuko imathetsa ndi otsika kutentha ndi mphepo yamphamvu. No pafupifupi pa boulders ndi achinyamata glacial madipoziti. Komabe, mukhoza zambiri lichens kwa nthawi yaitali ufulu wa miyala ayezi. Zimenezi zimathandiza ofufuza kuphunzira mbiri ya glaciation ku Antarctica.

ndere Antarctic

Mu malo wachitatu mawu zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi ndere. Makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo malinga ndi zina, mitundu makumi asanu ndi atatu osiyana a zomera kudabwa botanists padziko lonse. Zilumba mfulu ayezi, kupanga lonse peat Moss.

Kupatula pa mwachizolowezi pa Antarctica ndi marchantiophyta. Makumi atatu kudziwika awo maganizo. ndere ambiri kuderako zomera, chifukwa Antarctica ndi kontinenti, amene anali kwa zaka zambiri olekanitsidwa dziko lonse lapansi. Zikuphatikizapo Sarconeurum glaciale, Schistidium antarctici ndi Grimmia antarctici.

Ndere ndi lichens ali kotero ndinazolowera nyengo wankhanza wa Antarctic, ku mphepo yolimba ndi otsika kutentha amene adzapulumuke ngakhale otsetsereka panali kuwomba mphepo miyala.

Komabe, ambiri ndere, adakhalapo dzikolo, pang'onopang'ono "anagwidwa" kuti madamu - nyanja, kumene malo malo awo ndi abwino kwambiri.

Fern

Zomera chidwi ngati fern ndi, angapezeke pa Pole South. Ndi mmodzi wa wamkulu mu zomera za m'dziko. zomera si mu pachimake, kotero sikutanthauza kubereketsa zomera, umene uli wofunika kwa zomera ku Antarctica. Popanda mbewu, Mumapezekanso kubereka spores, ngati bowa. mphepo yamphamvu inkawomba pa Antarctica, kufalitsa mungu, spores, kufalitsa mbewu.

Maluwa okhala ku Antarctica

Ngati funso la zomera zimene zimapezeka Antarctica, munthu akuyankha maluwa, zikhoza kulera kuseka. Komabe, iye adzakhala. Pafupifupi khumi nyenyezi yaing'ono maluwa zomera angapezeke kuno.

Mwachitsanzo, ambiri amadziwika zomera ngati maluwa a Antarctica monga Pike ndi pearlwort Quito, kupanga anthu awo ang'ono kudula-lugovinki.

Antarctic tsitsi udzu

Ndi herbaceous chomera chikule ali dzina lina - Deschampsia Antarctica. Zimatanthauza banja la udzu, kapena mjatlikovyh. Kukula m'mbali mwa mapiri ndi dzuwa stony dothi, mbewu kufika kutalika 20 masentimita. podziwa ndi chifuniro moyo ndi enviable: osati therere angathe kupirira frosts amphamvu chotero pa maluwa, amene mosavuta Zosintha pickerel. A yochepa kukula nyengo ndi kusinthasintha chodabwitsa udzu tsitsi lilili kupulumuka mu zikhalidwe kwambiri za kum'mwera kumalo ozizira.

pearlwort Quito

Kolobant crassifolia kapena pearlwort - kotero umatchedwanso maluwa - wa banja Caryophyllaceae, ndi maluwa inconspicuous woyera ndi wotumbululuka wobiriwira masamba. Kutalika kwa zomera wamkulu ndi zazing'ono - kuchokera theka masentimita asanu. Bryozoans Antarctic mbewu wotchedwa komanso chifukwa ndi ikufanana Moss ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe Monga pilo.

Zomera Antarctica - zamoyo chakudya

Monga izo sizinali zomera osauka a Arctic, koma ngakhale pano pali chidwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. zomera Antarctic, monga kwina, nthawi zambiri zamoyo chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, ponena pringlea maluwa zomera, amene ntchito ngati masamba edible. Akatswiri amanena kuti kabichi si zokoma ndi thanzi, koma ali wolemera kwambiri mu mavitamini. Pa kwambiri osachepera, monga wogwira mtima yothetsera chiseyeye chiri kutsimikizira yokha kale anatha.

Monga chimanga mbewu za mtundu bluegrass ndi chidwi dzina "tuesok" angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya nkhosa. Nthawi zambiri, zomera amapezeka pa zilumba pafupi Antarctica.

Herbaceous zomera Antarctica, zithunzi zimene pano, anagunda bloklostyu, pallor, ena colorless. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kubereketsa zomera maluwa ikuchitika ndi mphepo m'malo zouluka zina, kotero zokongola maluwa kukopa njuchi, agulugufe, njuchi, ndi zina zotero Kungoti osafunika - ndi chikhalidwe wapatsidwa mpumulo.

Kusintha Flora Antarctica

Mogwirizana ndi ofufuza za malo kumudzi ngati dziko lero, ndipo anati mfundo zosangalatsa, monga maonekedwe a zomera pano, anali asanawerengepo limakula. Asayansi timakonda kukhulupirira kuti mbewu ya ambiri mwa iwo akhala anabweretsa ku Chile nsapato kapena zikwama ofufuza.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti kale, pamaso pa chithunzithunzi ozizira amalima kwambiri zomera kuti sanakhale ndi moyo nyengo nkhanza odekha. Komabe, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko, zikuoneka kuti mozizwitsa anapulumuka mbewu mwadzidzidzi wawadzutsa moyo. Ngakhale Zikatero amakhala panobe.