Banja la dzinthu: mbali khalidwe la zipatso, oimira

Pakali pano, pali zambiri kuposa 350,000 mitundu ya zomera. Awa Monocotyledones nkhani kalasi kwa mitundu pafupifupi 60,000. Komanso, kalasi awiri a zotchuka kwambiri pa dera la malo ndi kufunika chuma banja:

• Lily.
• banja mbewu monga chimanga kapena bluegrass.

Dziwani zambiri za banja la dzinthu.

taxonomy machineries

Place mu organic dongosolo banja lawo zotsatirazi:

- Ufumu wa Chipinda.

- Subkingdom multicellular.

- Maphunziro a Monocotyledons.

- The banja mbewu monga chimanga.

mamembala onse a m'banjali amaphatikiza kubadwa 900. Chiwerengero cha anthu oimira mitundu za 11,000. Zomera za banja Gramineae zimachitika onse udzu ndi chikhalidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri ulimi.

Zikhalidwe za kukula ndi kugawa

Dzinthu banja ali ndi malo yaikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha unpretentiousness ake, chinyontho ndi chilala (osati mitundu yonse). Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti iwo kuphimba ndi pafupifupi dziko lonse kupatula Antarctica ndi malo ayezi lokutidwa.

Iwo amapereka ufulu kumvetsa kuti zomera za banja Gramineae ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri zinthu kukula. Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu a dambo udzu (Timoteo, bluegrass, bluegrass, zipatso, moto, etc.) mwakachetechete kulekerera zinthu chokhwima yozizira ndi kutentha chilimwe.

Nakulitsa zomera yemweyo (rye, Mapila, tirigu, mpunga) ali kale wovuta Komabe, iwo amatha kuona mwachilungamo lalikulu kusinthasintha matalikidwe kutentha mpweya.

Dzuwa ndi amodzi ndale, pafupifupi nthumwi zonse monga banja la dzinthu. Oimira udzu, steppes, pampas, savannah - amakonda nkhanza kwa zomera ndi zamoyo kuŵetedwa zagonjetsedwa kwa chisamaliro nthawi zonse ndi chithandizo kwa munthu, momwemonso omasuka ngakhale pa nthawi ya kuwala otsika.

General maonekedwe a banja

Dzinthu banja zikuphatikizapo pachaka ndipo biennial ndi osatha zomera onse zambiri. Kunja, iwo amakhala ofanana, ngati ali ofanana Kapangidwe ka tsinde ndi masamba. Tsinde alinso mbali yake osiyana kuchokera ku mapesi a zomera zina - ndi kanthu kwathunthu mkati ndipo ndi chubu dzenje, wotchedwa culms.

A ambiri oimira banja anafotokoza kufunika kwa dongosolo zachuma: ena zimagwidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, ena processing tirigu ndi wowuma, ndi ena mapuloteni, ndi chachinayi pa zolinga kukongoletsa.

mbali morphological

Link (morphological) zizindikiro za dzinthu banja tinganene kuti ndi mfundo zingapo.

1. Mapulaniwo culm (kupatula chimanga ndi ndodo), dzenje mkati.
2. Ofotokozedwa bwino internodes pa tsinde la.
3. Ena oimira tsinde pamoyo odrevesnevaet (nsungwi).
4. Masamba mophweka, sessile, ndi nyini kutchulidwa, kuphimba tsinde.
5. Mapepala mawonekedwe elongated venation yomweyi.
6. Malo pepala mbale yotsatira.
7. The mizu ndi fibrous mtundu, nthawi zina rhizomes mobisa kusandulika mphukira.

zizindikiro ndi mamembala onse opanga banja mbewu monga chimanga.

chilinganizo zamaluwa

The zomera za banja maluwa ndi unremarkable ndithu, monga sachedwa kudzimvera kubereketsa zomera kapena mtanda kubereketsa zomera. Choncho, kupanga chachikulu maluwa owala komanso onunkhira izo zimapangitsa sazindikira. maluwa ang'ono, limayererako, inconspicuous ndithu. Amasonkhana mu inflorescences a mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• pawiri kukwera (tirigu);
• chisononkho (chimanga);
• panicle (nthenga).

Maluwa onse ndi ofanana, mfundo ndi maluwa wa banja Gramineae ali motere: + TSCH2 PL2 + T3 + P1. Kodi CN - mamba zamaluwa, PL - mafilimu T - stamens, P - ndi pistil.

machineries chilinganizo maluwa banja amapereka lingaliro bwino homeliness mwa zomera mu nthawi maluwa, choncho ntchito mu zolinga kukongoletsa simuli maluwa, ndipo masamba ndi zimayambira.

zipatso

Pambuyo maluwa anapanga mapuloteni-olemera ndi wowuma zipatso. Ndi chimodzimodzi nthumwi zonse, anthu a m'banja la dzinthu. zipatso amatchedwa weevil. Inde, anthu ambiri kutali zamoyo, mawu akuti "Tirigu" kudziwa lokha, amagwirizana ndi mbewu tirigu, wotchedwa tirigu.

Komabe, osati nakulitsa zomera dzinthu banja ndi zipatso, komanso dambo. The mbewu ali wolemera mu mavitamini, gilateni, mapuloteni, wowuma.

oimira machineries

Monga tanena zonse, pali za 11,000 zomera, kupanga banja mbewu monga chimanga. owayimilira amapezeka pakati mitundu chilombo nakulitsa zomera.

oimira Wild:

• Timoteo;
• kanyama;
• moto;
• nthenga;
• wheatgrass;
• nsungwi;
• wheatgrass;
• fescue;
• Mapila m'thengo;
• foxtail ndi ena.

oimira ambiri machineries zakutchire - ndi okhala steppes ndi, madambo, nkhalango ndi udzu.

Nakulitsa zomera amapanga banja mbewu monga chimanga, zipatso za mtundu wawo mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. N'chifukwa chake, kuti wamakhalidwe khalidwe mbewu, ambiri mwa oimira machineries inasanduka nyumba chikhalidwe, yomwe ikuchitika kuti kuisamalira. Njirazi ndi monga:

• mpunga;
• rye;
• tirigu;
• nzimbe;
• Mapila;
• mapira;
• balere
• manyuchi;
• chimanga ndi ena.

zomera nakulitsa zofunika kwambiri chuma kwa chakudya m'dziko lonselo.

Annuals

Zomera pachaka ndi amene pochitika lonse moyo mkombero mu umodzi nyengo kukula. Kuti ndi njira zonse zoyambirira za moyo - kukula, maluwa, kubereka, ndi imfa - zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu nyengo limodzi.

Pakuti chomera umodzi pachaka wa banja Gramineae ochokera kovuta. Iwo kwenikweni ndithu kwambiri. Tikambirane zina mwa ambiri ndi phindu malonda.

1. Manyuchi. Mbewu ya mtundu Mapira ndi monga chimanga mbewu ndime ndi rye, tirigu ndi zina zotero.
2. Durra kapena Dzhugarra. Komanso chakudya mbewu ndi kufala waukulu mu magawo a kum'mwera kwa Dziko Lapansi. Sikuti ntchito ngati mbewu ndi monga chimanga, koma monga udzu ndi silage chakudya nyama.
3. Koster. Ponseponse zomera za banja Gramineae, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri anavomera ndipo ankamuona ngati udzu ndi. Chimakula mu nthaka aliyense, undemanding kwa kutenthetsa ndi chinyezi, mukhoza kuchita kwa nthawi yaitali popanda dzuwa. Kodi ntchito popanga zakudya nyama, phindu lake zachuma kanthu.
4. Chimanga. Imodzi mwa mbewu ambiri ulimi mu maiko ambiri. Kuyambira analandira chimanga mafuta, ufa, mbewu okha ntchito mwachindunji yophika.
5. Foxtail. Herbaceous chomera yoperekedwa kwa onse pachaka ndi mitundu ndi osatha. Mtengo waukulu - mapangidwe a chivundikirocho udzu meadows (chigumula). Iwo anali kudya nyama.
6. Mantha. mbewu South ulimi pachaka kuti mwakula osati chakudya nyama, komanso ngati mbewu chakudya ndi mbewu zabwino. Thermophilic ndipo photophilous kukula pa dera la Russia.
7. Bluegrass. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mtundu uwu, koma onse ali tchire kapena dambo udzu, amene phindu malonda chakudya ziweto.
8. Mapira. Pamafunikanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Za mitundu yonse mu Russia mitundu 6 zokha, zomwe zina ndi kuigwiritsa ntchito pa kukongoletsa. Gawo lachiwiri ntchito kubala thanzi tirigu chakudya nyama.

perennials

zomera ambiri banja osatha. Ndiko kuti, awo mkombero moyo wapangidwa nyengo zingapo (kukula nyengo). Iwo amatha kupulumuka zinthu chokhwima kwa nthawi yozizira popanda imfa ya viability. Ambiri a iwo amapanga banja mbewu monga chimanga. Zochita za zomera ndi lonse. Taonani zina, zofunika kwambiri mawu oimira zachuma.

1. Tirigu. Ambiri a m'dera limene mukukhala mbewu dzikoli, womwe ofunika yake yambewu thanzi zinthu.
2. Wheatgrass. Anthu ambiri akudziwa ngati udzu zoipa. Komabe, izi si mtengo wake yekha. zomera ndi lofunika chakudya chodalirika kwa zakudya za nyama.
3. Mkuyu. zofunika kwambiri mbewu, tirigu si otsika mtengo ndi zakudya mtengo wa mbewu. Izo nakulitsa mu mbali ya kummawa kwa dziko.
4. Rye. Mmodzi wa zakudya zachimanga wotchuka pambuyo tirigu ndi mpunga. A ambiri zomera mwakula mu Russia. mtengo zakudya za tirigu pa mlingo mkulu.
5. Nzimbe. kumene anabadwira - India, Brazil ndi Cuba. Mtengo waukulu zakudya chikhalidwe - ichi yopanga shuga.

mbewu machineries

Pakuti ulimi zomera mbewu za banja monga, kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, manyuchi kwambiri. zomera ali ndi zizindikilo zonse monga chimanga banja, komanso ali mbewu zabwino. Mu dziko lathu, manyuchi wakula osati chifukwa kwambiri kutentha wachikondi zomera. Komabe, mu Africa, Australia, South America ndi mbeu wapatali kwambiri chakudya.

Mapira manyuchi milled mu ufa ndi tsinde ndi masamba kupita kudyetsa ziweto. Komanso, masamba ndi zimayambira kutulutsa mipando, yokhotakhota ndi mkati wokongola.

Balere akhoza amati ndi m kwambiri / mbewu. zomera sikutanthauza zinthu zapadera kukula, mosavuta nakulitsa m'mayiko ambiri. Mtengo waukulu wa tirigu zipita moŵa, kulandira ngale balere, groats balere, ndipo anali kudya nyama.

Komanso infusions balere ndi zofunika mankhwala ndi wowerengeka (kutanthauza kwa chiwindi ndi kapepala m'mimba).

mtengo zakudya mbewu monga chimanga

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kwambiri ndipo ambiri applicable mbewu oimira amapanga banja mbewu monga chimanga? Khalidwe mbewu dongosolo kumathandiza kumvetsa izo.

Choyamba, onse mbewu monga chimanga muli zakudya zomanga thupi, basi chiwerengero cha nthumwi zake mu ranges osiyana. The zili chapamwamba mapuloteni gilateni mitundu tirigu amaonedwa.

Kachiwiri, monga chimanga mbewu muli wowuma, choncho ndi zakudya mtengo wokwanira ndipo amatha kupanga ufa.

Kachitatu, monga chikhalidwe, monga mpunga, muli zambiri mavitamini a magulu osiyana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ngakhale zothandiza kwambiri.

N'zoonekeratu kuti ntchito zonse za dzinthu amapereka thupi ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zonse tsiku wothandizira. Ndicho chifukwa iwo ali otchuka pa dziko lonse lapansi.