Administrative Kupititsa unit. utsogoleri magawano

zingapo tanthauzo lofanana ndi tanthauzo la mfundo kuthandiza pofotokoza ofunda dongosolo la ndale za dziko. Izi "utsogoleri-Kupititsa wagawo" ndi "utsogoleri-Kupititsa bungwe," ndi "utsogoleri magawano" (ATD).

Kodi kugawanika m'zigawozo dziko ndi momwe izo zimachitika?

Monga ulamuliro, ndi ADT ndi mfundo ndi yotakata tanthauzo zokwanira. Administrative magawano akhoza anasonyeza ngati mapu a dziko, wopangidwa mwa nkhani ziwiri zosiyana. Political ndi malo boma dongosolo - umunthu ambiri ADT, zomwe, kuwonjezera, akhoza anazindikira monga ndondomeko ya kugawikana mwachindunji dziko mu mayunitsi osiyana. magawidwe ndondomeko ndi kukhazikitsa ADT ofanana kwambiri, koma chachikulu pakati pa iwo ndi kuti ntchitoyi-Kupititsa mayunitsi (ATU - ndi mbali yaikulu ya kapangidwe ADT) zakonzedwa ndi akuluakulu onse. malire yolusa nkhani iliyonse anachita mwalamulo anatsimikizira ndi malamulo zogwirizana a.

Kodi subdivisions ndale?

Administrative Kupititsa wagawo mu dziko amaona dera. Nthawiyi utsogoleri magawano ali ndi dongosolo volumetric opaleshoni basi mwanjira masanjidwe. Monga "kukaikira mazira chidole" ADT dongosolo ndi milingo kasamalidwe angapo. Pa mulingo uliwose, pali dongosolo yake yandale ndi boma.

Kuchotsedwa wa mayunitsi m'zigawozo woyamba, wachiwiri, kuti wachitatu, etc., analamula dongosolo ADT, mmene inati zamakono zonse. Kudulidwa mu magulu nthawi zonse adzakhala nthawi, m'malo ndi digiri cha kapangidwe ndi elaboration. Khola okhazikika utsogoleri-Kupititsa magawano ndi mbali chabe ya lamakono. Pakali pano, pansi mosalekeza akhoza ankaona kufalitsa gawo la dzikolo ndi zotsalira pang'ono kapena ayi pa mlingo boma munthu, ali odzilamulira okha chilichonse zigawo zina (zigawo). Mphamvu, monga ulamuliro, pa aliyense wa iwo, nthawi zambiri chimaimira boma, koma nthawi iliyonse utsogoleri Kupititsa wagawo ali ndi ufulu wodzilamulira kapena kudziyimira pawokha.

Mbiri chikoka pa mapangidwe dongosolo ndi ADT

Chigawo cha boma pa zigawo zina - chodabwitsa kuti ali mizu wakale kwambiri ndi mbiri yaitali. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri angatchedwe ATD kugawikana kwa ufumu wa Roma kuchigawo chimenechi. Pankhani nthawi feudalism, pali, pa mwake, infighting zonse chinalepheretsa mapangidwe mayunitsi okhazikika. machitidwe a boma zikutanthauza gulu khalidwe la mzinda, amene ankalamulidwa ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono.
Monga wolamulira wa dziko ndi mwini mwa munthu mmodzi, woimira kalasi ake basi wobwezera mwini wa m'deralo ndi kayendetsedwe anadya.

Izi zimakhudza ndondomeko ya utsogoleri regionalization a boma?

Mosiyana ndi njira akale a moyo a boma, lero loyang'anira dongosolo magawano ntchito pafupifupi onse mtundu ano otukuka. The kusintha kwa feudalism mphamvu centralized zinaonekera lamulo la kuunikanso kwakukulu njira m'gawo yeniyeni.

Mayendedwe a mayunitsi utsogoleri-Kupititsa makamaka anatsimikiza ndi peculiarities dongosolo oyandikana. Popeza dongosolo lino, monga tanenera kale, iwo anapanga pa nthawi yaitali ndipo chifukwa cha njira zovuta zamoyo zinachita kuti utsogoleri Kupititsa wagawo akhoza popangidwa ndi superposing gradations osiyana chiyambi. Makamaka, Russian District Regional lililonse limaimira osakaniza nyumba ya:

• ethnocultural;
• mbiri;
• ndale komanso;
• chuma;
• lachilengedwe linalake.

Mtundu ngati imayambitsa mapangidwe malire m'zigawozo zigawo

Pakuti kachitidwe monga osiyana wagawo ADT yofunika ankaimba ndi zinthu chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Pa gawo la boma Russian, mfundo imeneyi n'kofunika kwambiri. Mbali khalidwe la mapangidwe malo mitundu ndi chikhalidwe ndi kuti iwo anapanga popanda chifuniro cha kanjedza kwambiri mphamvu, zilakolako zawo. Aliyense kugwirizana mu dongosolo ADT potengera mfundo imeneyi, ali ngati chizindikiro akuimira kutchulidwa selo Kapangidwe dera.

Komabe, safuna zikamera wa amaganiza Odzipatula, pamene kukwaniritsa zofuna za ing'onoing'ono dziko, boma ndi anthu Mipikisano mitundu zambiri kukuchepetsa wotuluka mavuto zoterozo mwa kuika malo enieni okhala zosiyanasiyana mitundu nzika.
Chifukwa china mapangidwe zigawo ndi anthu a mtundu wina angatchedwe kulephera kukhazikitsa malire bwino kulekanitsa m'madera ena okhala a mafuko.

Pamene mbiri wasinthira tanthawuzo la munthu anadya?

choyambilira wina mapangidwe a mayunitsi m'zigawozo utsogoleri magawano zachokera zinthu zakale. Mkati boma limodzi zigawo zambiri apangidwe ali zaka zingapo zapitazo, wosunga okhala ndi akuluakulu a boma, monga kulipira msonkho miyambo dziko. Kodi kuitanira Kupititsa utsogoleri wagawo amene m'gawo atafotokoza chifukwa chitukuko cha nyumba mosamala, n'zosavuta ndikulingalira. malo awa akutchedwa mbiri. Akukhulupirira kuti ntchitoyi-Kupititsa unit wa boma amachita dzina ili, ngati malire ake kuti sichinasinthe pa zapitazi pafupifupi 2-3 zaka.

Tikumbukenso kuti zinthu za ubale mbiri ya malo enieni Geographic kugwiritsa ntchito ADT sikovuta mme- mu nyumba ya mayiko a World Old. Ndipo ngati malire a mayiko a ku Middle Ages akhoza kukhala malo amodzi, kapangidwe ka zigawo munthu anakhalabe khola, kusuntha kwa olamulira ena mu mawonekedwe awo oyambirira. Modern Europe, molingana ndi azambiriyakale kwambiri, zochokera zigawo yaying'ono chimafotokozera yeniyeni maselo Kupititsa ngakhale ang'onoang'ono boma.

zinthu zina za utsogoleri-Kupititsa kugawikana kwa dziko

zinthu umoyo ndale zachuma bwanji kapangidwe m'zigawozo dziko si zosakwana zifukwa tatchulawa. mfundo kuthetsa zochokera otchedwa malo osachiritsika. Large utsogoleri-Kupititsa wagawo wakhala zinasankhidwa yokoka a mumzindawo dziko. dongosolo la "pakati-periphery" aumbike, monga ulamuliro, zochokera m'midzi yawo Hrs lathu ndi ubale wene pakati pa malo ena osachiritsika.

zinthu Chiwerengero, ndiwo Chikhalidwe chathu, ndale ndiponso zachuma mfundo za ADT, n'zosavuta kusunga mapangidwe zigawo limati ndi zochepa kutchulidwa ethno-chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale dongosolo. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi maiko wamng'ono unitary mphamvu zipangizo. Zitsanzo za limati amenewa kuti akhale dziko chapakati-kum'mawa kwa Ulaya.

Administrative Kupititsa wagawo ungadzakhazikitsidwe chifukwa cha chikoka pa ndondomeko ATD zachilengedwe mbali lawolawo. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo yowala kungakhale chilumba kapena phiri madera a boma.

Features wa utsogoleri-Kupititsa wagawo ku Russia

ADT Russian Federation ndi zofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi cha bungwe dera dziko. Dongosolo lonse la boma, yogawa ndi mayikidwe a matupi boma, matupi boma ndi mayanjano anthu zachokera magawano ndale ndi boma. Lero, kapangidwe m'zigawozo Russia mwachuluka kwa thambo wosatha wa boma, komanso zosiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri yolimbikitsira mapangidwe zinthu anadya: zaziwerengero, chuma, achilengedwe, mtundu ndi chikhalidwe.

Mfundo Kupititsa kugawikana Russia

mayunitsi Administrative-m'zigawozo Russia kugwilizana zonse ndi dongosolo boma boma. Komanso, ADT mu Russia ikuchitika m'dera lina - oyang'anira tauni. Kuwonjezera pa kayendetsedwe ndi dera lawo magawano koyenera kuti kuzindikira mwadongosolo za Nchito ya ulamuliro yekha, dziko la magawidwe dongosolo kumafuna kugawanika mu zigawo kukhazikitsa kosavuta m'boma.

Kulunjika wa ADT m'madera ena ndi likulu

Mu Russia, njira izi ubale wa utsogoleri magawano ndi kufalitsa mizinda yambiri akhoza akuti:

1. Mwa kaphatikizidwe njira ziwiri za mapangidwe dera (kutanthauza kuti mizinda yambiri malire adzakhala lifanane ndi malire a m'maboma utsogoleri). Mwachitsanzo, ngati chiwembu akufotokozera Chelyabinsk ATD.
2. Full malamulo mismatch mitundu iwiri okhudza malo njira Chigawo (malire a mayunitsi kayendetsedwe ndi mizinda yambiri zingasiyane). Mwachitsanzo, mu Sverdlovsk dera ADT kutulutsa malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi.

Kuwonjezera kulekana kwa mitundu ndi mbali zina, ena zigawo zina zingakhalepo m'madera ena a Russia. Makamaka, likulu la boma Russian lagawidwa ndi boma la kuzindikira mbali (146 intracity m'madera boma mumzinda) , ndi 12 m'maboma utsogoleri.