Albert Hoffman - Swiss sayansi, bambo a LSD: A MBIRI

Albert Hofmann, ndi Swiss sayansi amene anapereka LSD dziko, amphamvu kwambiri psychotropic mankhwala tsopano kudziwika, anamwalira mu April 2008 kunyumba kwake pa phiri pafupi Basel, Switzerland. Iye anali ndi zaka 102.

Malinga Rick Doblin, woyambitsa ndi CEO wa gulu Mipikisano chilango cha kafukufuku psychedelic, zochokera ku California, chifukwa cha imfa ndi vuto la mtima. Bungweli mu 2005 tinalisindikizanso bukhulo lomwe mu 1979 anafalitsa Albert Hoffman, "Mai Vuto Child LSD."

Asayansi Swiss woyamba apanga pawiri lysergic asidi mu 1938, koma sanapezeke zotsatira zake psychopharmacological mpaka zaka zisanu kenako, mwangozi ntchito chinthu chimene chili mu counterculture cha m'ma 1960 anatchedwa kuti "asidi".

Kenako anatenga LSD maulendo, koma ankaona kuti ndi amphamvu ndipo zikanavulaza psychotropic mankhwala zofuna ulemu. Koma chofunika kwambiri kuposa zokondweretsa za zinachitikira psychedelic anali naye mtengo wa mankhwala kuti azitithandiza amalingalira ndi kuzindikira chimene Iye adayitana umodzi wa anthu ndi chikhalidwe. kuzindikira ichi, amene adadza kwa Dr. Hoffman pafupifupi epiphany achipembedzo ana, potsogolera kwambiri pamoyo wake ndi akatswiri.

chiwalitsiro

Albert Hofmann anabadwa mu Baden, tauni achisangalalo kumpoto kwa Switzerland, January 11, 1906 Iye anali wamkulu mwa ana anayi. atate wake, amene analibe maphunziro apamwamba, anali toolmaker pa fakitale ina m'derali ndipo banja ndinkakhala m'nyumba ya lenti. Koma Albert watanthauzo kwambiri tinkasangalalira pa msewu.

Iye anayendayenda mwa mapiri pamwamba mzinda ndipo ankaimba pa bwinja la Habsburg "Stein" Castle. "Panali paradaiso weniweni - iye anati mu kuyankhulana mu 2006. - Tinalibe ndalama, koma Ndinkakula zodabwitsa ".

Nthawi ina nezi lake iye anali ndi epiphany.

"Izo zinachitika May m'mawa - ndimaiwala chaka, komabe kudziwa malo pamene izo zinachitika, pa footpath mu nkhalango pafupi Martinsburg, - analemba m'buku lake. - I anali kuyenda mu nkhalango ndi masamba atsopano, wodzazidwa ndi birdsong ndi chimawalitsika ndi m'mawa, ndipo zonse mwadzidzidzi kunapezeka kuti kuunika modabwitsa bwino. Nature anagwira kuwala wokongola kwambiri, chisoni, ngati kuti ankalalikira ukulu wake kwa ine. Ndinali ndi kutengeka yosatheka kuneneka chimwemwe, umodzi ndi atangoona mtendere. "

Ngakhale bambo Hoffman anali Mkatolika ndipo amake - Mprotestanti, iye anakhulupirira kuti kuyambira ali mwana, chipembedzo anaphonya chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Pamene iye anali 7 kapena 8 zaka, Albert anali kulankhula ndi bwenzi za Yesu ngati anali mulungu. "Ine ndinati sanali kukhulupirira izo, koma Mulungu ayenera kukhala, chifukwa pali dziko ndi munthu amene anamulenga iye, - anati. - Ine ndi kugwirizana kwambiri kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ".

Kusankha ntchito

Hoffman anapita kukaphunzira sayansi pa yunivesite ya Zurich, monga anafuna kudziŵa zinthu misinkhu kumene mphamvu ndi mankhwala zinthu kuphatikiza kulenga moyo. Mu 1929, pamene anali 23 zokha adalandira digiri mu nzeru. Kenako anayamba kugwira ntchito pa "Sandoz" zasayansi mu Basel, kumene anachita chidwi ndi pulogalamu pa kaphatikizidwe wa zinthu mankhwala zomera mankhwala.

"Tsiku la njinga"

Pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi ergot kumenya rye, iye amapunthwa pa LSD, ndi ngozi Lachisanu masana mu April 1943 ntchito mankhwala mkati. Posakhalitsa kunachitika boma asintha chikugwirabe wofanana ndi umene zinthu ngati mwana.

Lolemba lotsatira, LSD Albert Hofmann mwadala anatenga. lokonzekera anayamba kuchita zinthu pamene anali kupalasa njinga kunyumba. Kuti tsiku, April 19, patapita moyo imeneyi ndi mankhwala ankachita masewera. Anautcha kuti "Tsiku la njinga."

vumbulutso Chemistry

Dr. Hoffman walenga mankhwala ena ofunika, kuphatikizapo metergin ntchito zochizira postpartum kukha mwazi - chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa pobereka. Koma anali LSD zooneka ntchito yake ndi atsale wauzimu.

"Chifukwa cha maganizo anga pamene mukumwa LSD ndi chithunzi wanga watsopano chabe ndinazindikira chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe, ndi ulemerero wa chilengedwe, nyama ndi zomera, - anati Hoffman, ndi zamaganizo Stanislav Grof mu 1984. - ndinakhala tcheru kwambiri zimene zidzachitike ndi zonse izi ndi onse a ife. "

mankhwala wopatulika

Dr. Hoffman anakhala odzipereka okhala. Iye ananena kuti LSD si imathandiza kwambiri mu maganizo, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito zimadzutsa kuzindikira mwakuya malo anthu mu chikhalidwe, kusiya kuwonongedwa kwa chilengedwe.

Koma Kwa iye ntchito kukula kwa LSD monga mankhwala zosangalatsa. Malinga ndi iye, mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mabungwe wosazindikira ntchito psychoactive wopatulika zomera - mosamalitsa ndi zolinga zauzimu.

Atapeza katundu wa psychotropic mankhwala Albert Hofmann zaka kuphunzira zomera wopatulika. Pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake Gordon Wasson, anachita nawo miyambo psychedelic asing'anga mesatekov kum'mwera Mexico. Iye anali wokhoza kuti lithe a yogwira mankhwala bowa psilocybe Mexicana, anaitana psilocin ndi psilocybin. Komanso, sayansi ali allocated ndi yogwira mbewu zigawo Convolvulus amene Mazatec ntchito ngati intoxicant, ndipo anapeza kuti mankhwala kapangidwe kake ndi ofanana LSD lapansi.

Panthawi imene psychedelic Hoffman anakantha pamwamba pa ubwenzi ndi umunthu ngati zapadera monga Timoti Liri, Allen Ginsberg ndi Oldos Haksli, amene, kukhala pafupi imfa mu 1963, iye anafunsa mkazi wake kuti adzampatsa jakisoni LSD pochepetsa akudwala khansa zapakhosi.

cholowa

Komabe, ngakhale chidwi mu psychoactive bambo mankhwala LSD anakhalabe ku mapeto Swiss sayansi. Zasayansi, "Sandoz," asogolera Natural Mankhwala Dipatimenti Research mpaka pantchito wake mu 1971.

Linalembedwa pa zana nkhani za sayansi, lomwe linalembedwa ndi Albert Hoffman. Books wodzipereka kwa Swiss sayansi zinthu hallucinogenic. Mu "Eleusis: kuvumbula masakalamenti" (1978) Iye ananena kuti chiwerengero cha miyambo ya chipembedzo Greek limodzi ndi ntchito ya bowa hallucinogenic. Iye Co-analemba "zomera ndi Chemistry wa MANKHWALA OGODOMALITSA" mabuku (1973), "Chipinda cha milungu: chiyambi cha ntchito MANKHWALA OGODOMALITSA" (1979). Mu 1989 ndinaona kuwala kwa buku lake Insight / Chiyembekezo (1989) za maganizo a chenicheni ndi ntchito ya "mankhwala a matenda HOFFMANN: LSD ndi Eleusis latsopano" linasindikizidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake (2008).

Albert Hoffman ndi mkazi wake, Anita, amene anafa asanamwalire, anakulira ana Basel anayi. Mwana anafa chifukwa cha uchidakwa mu '53. Hoffman anakumana adzukulu zingapo ndi adzukulu kwambiri.

Ngakhale sayansi Swiss otchedwa LSD "mankhwala moyo", ndi 2006 masiku pamene anali kutenga MANKHWALA OGODOMALITSA, akhala anasiyidwa. "Ine ndikudziwa LSD; Sindifuna kuti ilo - anati ndipo anawonjezera, -. Mwina ndikafa monga Oldos Haksli " Malinga ndi iye, LSD Satsatira maganizo ake za imfa. "Itachitika imfa, ine ndidzakhala kumbuyo kumene ine ndinali zisanafike anabadwa, ndizo zonse."

Albert Hoffman: makoti

M'munsimu muli ena odziwika watero Swiss sayansi.

• Zamoyo anthu limodzi ndi kukula ndi kukula kwa chikumbumtima.
• LSD - chabe njira kuti ife amene tiyenera.
• Pitani ku munda, kupita ku minda, kuyenda mu nkhalango. Tsegulani maso anu!
• Mulungu amalankhula kwa anthu okhawo amene chinenerochi ake.
• Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti ngati anthu kugwiritsa ntchito masomphenya kukondoweza kwa LSD mankhwala ndi kusinkhasinkha kwambiri wololera, akamaziwononga, mwanayo vuto kukhala prodigy mwana.
• Ubongo - ndi mphatso ya Mulungu kwa anthu.