Alkalosis - ndichiyani? Alkalosis: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Alkalosis yodziwika ndi kusintha mu muyezo asidi-m'munsi mwa thupi limene chinawonjezeka kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamchere. Matenda ali osowa zokwanira kuti tifulumizane kusintha kwambiri pa ntchito ya machitidwe onse thupi. Akhoza kukhala matenda m'mimba, kuvulala mu nthawi postoperative ndi pamene mpweya makina.

Alkalosis - ndichiyani?

Alkalosis ndi vutoli mu zikuchokera dongosolo gawo lotetezedwa kwa thupi. Mu choncho, soda magazi ayamba amachuluka pa zidulo ndi pH ndi chinawonjezeka. Ngati mwake, zidulo amachuluka pa malo, izo zikutsimikizira kuti chitukuko cha acidosis - acidification wa thupi, lomwe zambiri zoopsa alkalosis ndi mphamvu yaikulu kugwira ntchito kwa onse kachitidwe.

Kusiyanitsa kulipidwa ndi uncompensated alkalosis. Mbali yoyamba, kusintha muyezo asidi-m'munsi si kupitirira magawo zovomerezeka kwa chamoyo wabwinobwino wa thupi (7.35-7.45), ndipo mwamsanga dekhetsa mwa kuyambitsa mankhwala enaake ndi normalization wa khalidwe ndi zakudya.

Pamene pH kuposa nsonga ya 7,45, pali uncompensated alkalosis. Ndi chiyani icho? Munthu amene ali ndi ichi chizindikiro cha bwino asidi-m'munsi ndi chisokonezo cha kugwira ntchito za masiku onse machitidwe onse thupi. Makamaka, pali mavuto ndi mtima, kupuma, m'mimba ndi machitidwe mantha.

Chifukwa ndi kuphwanya bwino asidi-m'munsi mwa thupi

Thupi zimagwirira zonse kuti moyo wonse malangizo zachilendo dongosolo gawo lotetezedwa, kudzipheralo njira zina kuti matenda asidi-zamchere bwino. Zakudya kudyedwa tsiku, chimakhudza pH.

Ngati kuphwanya bwino asidi-m'munsi mwa limati ziwiri chilengedwe mkati - acidosis kapena alkalosis.

Alkalosis - alkalization za thupi. Mu dongosolo madzi zidzakhalapo mankhwala zamchere ndi pH ndi wamkulu kuposa 7,45.

Acidosis - acidification za thupi. Ndi chikhalidwe koopsa chifukwa thupi liri zambiri zosagwira kuti soda kuposa asidi kugonjetsedwa. N'chifukwa chake kwa kusintha mu malo oyamba, madokotala mankhwala zakudya, Amatithandiza kuteteza matenda a pH.

Limagwirira cha kusintha m'thupi pa pH apamwamba

Bwino kuwathandiza mu umoyo wanu, muyenera kudziwa alkalosis mmene oopsa. Izo zimayambitsa matenda hemodynamic: kuchepa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima oziziritsa ndi inatsekeratu magazi. Ku dongosolo m'mimba kuchepa motility m'mimba, kuchititsa kudzimbidwa.

Kupezeka chizungulire, imagwera operability kuchitika syncope, imathetsa pakati kupuma. Kuchuluka mantha irritability, minofu hypertonicity kuoneka, amene angafikire ku khunyu, ndi tetany.

mitundu alkalosis

Malinga ndi chiyambi cha matenda, pali magulu atatu a alkalosis:

• Mpweya - kumachitika pamene hyperventilation. Kuchuluka mpweya ndende pa kudzoza amalimbikitsa excretion kwambiri mpweya woipa pa mpweya. kudwala iyi akutchedwa kupuma alkalosis. kutaya magazi zingachitikenso pamene, kuvulala m'mutu, zotsatira pa chamoyo mankhwala osiyanasiyana (metrazole, tiyi kapena khofi, tating'onoting'ono poizoni).
• Non-mpweya - ali m'njira zosiyanasiyana, omwe akufotokozera nthaŵi zina zapadera ndipo amachititsa kusintha mu chamoyo.
• Obwerawa - kumachitika pamene mutu kuvulala kuti chifukwa kufupika kwa mpweya, kusanza, hypocapnia.

Nkofunika matenda alkalosis. Ndi chiyani icho? Kaya chiyambi, matenda amachititsa kusintha kulimbikira kugwira ntchito machitidwe kwambiri.

Kupanga sanali gaseous alkalosis

Non-mpweya alkalosis ogaŵikana excretory, kagayidwe kachakudya ndi exogenous.

Excretory - kumachitika ndi makonzedwe aakulu a okodzetsa, matenda aimpso, chapamimba fistula, timathawa kusanza (imene ambiri madzi otayika chapamimba), matenda endocrine (chifukwa ndi sodium posungira mu thupi).

Exogenous alkalosis akufotokozera ndi zakudya m'thupi, pamene onse chakudya supersaturated soda pamene kutumikiridwa kuti ndi sodium bicarbonate anthu kuchepetsa m'mimba acidity.

Kagayidwe kachakudya - ochepa chabe chodabwitsa akufotokozera kuphwanya njira kagayidwe kachakudya yokhudza electrolytes. Matenda akhoza kukhala kobadwa nako (kuphwanya electrolyte kuwombola lamulo), kukhala pambuyo opaleshoni kapena matenda ana akuvutika rickets.

Munthu alkalosis amachepetsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga akutsikira, ndi chikhalidwe linayamba kuipa, ndi dzuwa amachepetsa mosalekeza akuthamangitsa kufooka. Ndi mawonetseredwe awa ayenera kuchotsa kaye alkalosis. Zizindikiro kungotchula kokha amasonyeza kuphwanya pH ndipo ayenera anatsimikizira kudzera Kupenda thupi.

Zimayambitsa alkalosis

Alkalosis akufotokozera mchikakamizo cha zinthu exogenous ndipo amkati. Chifukwa alkalosis mpweya ndi hyperventilation. Pankhaniyi pali kochulukira mpweya wambiri, chifukwa, amaika Kupha mpweya.

Alkalosis zambiri amapezeka mu nthawi postoperative. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thupi pa opaleshoni ndipo atamwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi. Gasi alkalosis zingachititse matenda oopsa, hemolysis, rickets ana ndi zilonda zam'mimba.

Chifukwa cha alkalosis sanali gaseous - kusowa kapena overabundance wa madzi muzituluka. kusintha kulikonse kuyambitsa kusokoneza bwino asidi-m'munsi.

Kagayidwe kachakudya alkalosis chifukwa mankhwala kuwonjezera zili soda mu thupi. Kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kudwala ndi ntchito katundu ndi okhutira mkulu wa zapansi kapena kulimbikira kusanza, kuchititsa imfa mofulumira chlorine.

symptomatology matendawa

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za alkalosis mpweya ndi kuchuluka nkhawa ndi chisangalalo. Wodwala chizungulire, chisamaliro ndi kukumbukira n'lalikulu, pali paresthesias wa nkhope ndi malekezero, pali kutopa mofulumira alankhulane. Komanso, pali kugona, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, wotumbululuka khungu (angathe otchedwa "imvi cyanosis").

Kagayidwe kachakudya alkalosis amakhala ndi mutu pafupipafupi, tulo, kutupa miyendo ndi khunyu, ulesi, mphwayi kwa dziko lakunja, kusowa chilakolako cha matenda m'mimba. Khungu angaoneke totupa, kumakhaladi youma ndi wotumbululuka.

Alkalosis: Matendawa matendawa

Pa chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi zizindikiro zazikulu sangathe matenda. Kudziwa kuyan'anila za bwino asidi-m'munsi mwa thupi ndi zofunika kuchita kufufuza zonse (pochitika mkodzo, magazi, kodi ndi electrocardiogram).

Kuwonjezera muyezo, zikusonyeza kusanthula magazi ntchito "yaying'ono-Astrup" kapena pH-mita, mikrogazometrichesky mayeso. Chiphaso alkalosis Adokotala n'kukulemberani mankhwala oyenera umalimbana ndi kuthetsa zimene zimayambitsa zizindikiro ndi wotsatira neutralization.

alkalosis chithandizo

gasi alkalosis mankhwala kuwonongedwa kwa hyperventilation. Wodwala Kwalamulidwa ndondomeko ndi inhalation mpweya woipa zosakaniza (mwachitsanzo, carbogen) kubwezeretsa yachibadwa asidi-m'munsi bwino.

Tichotse zimayambitsa vutoli ndi - chinthu choyamba chimene igwirike kuthetsa alkalosis. Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala zigwirizane, ndiye mwamsanga n'chongoletsa ndi kusokonezeka kwa ntchito kwa kachitidwe gawo lotetezedwa kwa thupi.

Kuthetseratu alkalosis sanali gaseous ntchito njira ya mankhwala enaake ammonium, potaziyamu, calcium, insulin. Ndi zotheka kuti atchule mankhwala, zomwe kubisa kanthu za anhydrase carbonic ndi atsogolere excretion kudzera njira ya mkodzo ayoni dongosolo soda ndi carbonate wa hydrogen.

Anthu alkalosis amene anayambitsa ndi maziko a pathologies aakulu kuchipatala mwamsanga. Kagayidwe kachakudya alkalosis m'nsinga kutumikiridwa njira ya mankhwala enaake kashiamu kapena sodium wochuluka. Pamene anadzetsa njira thupi hypokalemia wa mankhwala enaake potassium potaziyamu yosalekerera mankhwala ndi Pananginum.

Ngati alkalosis limodzi ndi kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba kapena haemolysis, mankhwala umalimbana kwenikweni kuthetsa maganizo ake, ndipo patangopita kuti mankhwala kuti matenda asidi-zamchere bwino.

Kuteteza alkalosis

Pakuti kupewa kuyan'anila za pH ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa moyo wawo. Nkofunika kusunga zakudya zoyenerera ndi tulo, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa ndi tulo. A zakudya zabwinobwino ndi kumwa chakudya chokwanira ndiponso zipatso ndi masamba limakupatsani msanga matenda a muyezo asidi-zamchere ndi kuteteza alkalosis, zimayambitsa amene kugona mu zakudya cholakwika.

Muyenera kudziwa zakudya kuonjezera chiwerengero cha asidi, ndi amene yafupika (izi mwamsanga kusintha mkhalidwe wawo):

• madzi mchere, mkaka ndi wobiriwira tiyi amathandiza kuti ndende soda;
• mbatata kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zapansi mu thupi;
• asidi mlingo kuwonjezeka tiyi, khofi, ophika buledi mankhwala, maswiti, nsomba ndi nyama, kotero izi zakudya ayenera kudyedwa pang'ono;
• kuteteza matenda a pH zamchere tikulimbikitsidwa kuti amasamba ndi anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta.

Zamchere osambira mwayeretsa poizoni m'thupi ndipo kuchepetsa mlingo wa acid. Saunas komanso ndi zotsatira kuyeretsa, iwo bwanji kuti magazi aziyenda mwamsanga kubwezeretsa asidi-zamchere bwino.

Alkalosis ana

Ana, ndi maziko a zinthu zambiri pathological matenda akufotokozera zambiri, ichi ndi chifukwa lability a dongosolo gawo lotetezedwa kwa thupi. Kagayidwe kachakudya alkalosis kumachitika ndi maziko a matenda aliwonse m'mimba amene anatsagana ndi kusanza (kumathandiza kuti imfa ya asidi m'mimba muzituluka), kapena m'mimba.

Chifukwa ambiri alkalosis kagayidwe kachakudya ndi zoopsa kubadwa, pyloric stenosis ndi ileus. Kulandira okodzetsa nawonso amakhudza asidi-m'munsi bwino dongosolo gawo lotetezedwa ndi zingachititse hypoglycemic alkalosis.

Wina chifukwa wamba matenda a muyezo wa alkalis ndi zidulo ndi cholakwika kuwukonza acidosis ana. Kagayidwe kachakudya alkalosis akhoza wobadwa nawo, ndi mayendedwe a ayoni chlorine anawawidwa mu intestine lapansi.

Oterewa kudwala angathe kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula ndowe, zidzakhala chlorine ayoni, chinthu ichi sichidachitika wapezeka mu chitsanzo mkodzo.

Zoyambitsa mpweya alkalosis ana

Gasi alkalosis kumachitika ana ndi hyperventilation, zomwe kungakhale ndi matenda poizoni kuti amapezeka matenda pachimake tizilombo kupuma, matenda oumitsa khosi, chibayo, encephalitis, zoopsa choipa ubongo, zotupa ubongo ndi zochita psychogenic.

Pamene makina mpweya zambiri akufotokozera kulipidwa kupuma alkalosis. Kashiamu akusowa, umene anachititsa ndi vutoli a dongosolo gawo lotetezedwa, wodwala imfayo khunyu, malaise, kuchuluka dzanja kugwedeza, ndi thukuta. Mu ana okulirapo, pali nthambi dzanzi, kulira ndi tinnitus. Pachimake hypercapnia angachititse mwana aakulu matenda neuropsychiatric ndi kuyambitsa chikomokere.

Zizindikiro za alkalosis ana

nthawi zofunika kwambiri kudziwa ndi kuthetsa alkalosis makanda. Zizindikiro za pH wa mwana idzaonetseredwa chimodzimodzi monga akuluakulu: nkhawa, irritability, kugona, kutopa, kusafuna kudya, m'mimba atasokonezeka.

Symptomatology vutoli asidi-m'munsi chizindikiro zingasiyane pang'ono, malingana zifukwa zimene chikwiyire kusintha pH. Izo zimasiyanasiyana monga mlingo wa zizindikiro - kuchokera ofatsa matenda matenda aakulu mu kachitidwe yofunika ya thupi.

Popeza anachitira ndi mfundo alkalosis (ndichiyani nanga zimayambitsa kuyan'anila za pH a), angathe kuonedwa m'njira yake pa matenda a mu msanga kuthetsa izo.