Amitosis - ndi njira ya kugawikana selo

Familiarization ndi mfundo m'nkhani ino zidzathandiza owerenga kuphunzira za njira ya kugawikana selo - amitosis. Ife tipeza mbali ya njira ya ndondomeko imeneyi, taganizirani kusiyana kwa mitundu ina ndiponso kudana kwambiri.

amitosis Kodi

Amitosis - choyimira cha kugawikana selo mwachindunji. ndondomeko Ichi ndi chifukwa alipidwa gulu la phata la pawiri. Komabe, angaleke gawo la kupanga spindle kugawikana. ligation kumachitika popanda condensation chromatin. Amitosis - njira chibadidwe maselo a nyama ndi zomera, komanso mogwirizana.

Mbiri ndi kafukufuku

Robert Remak mu 1841 linafotokoza za ndondomeko amitosis kwa nthawi yoyamba, koma akuti anafika zambiri mtsogolo. Kale mu 1882 ndi zamoyo ndi histologist chiyambi German, Walter Flemming anapereka dzina amakono kwa ndondomekoyi. Amitosis khungu mu chikhalidwe n'chosoŵa, koma Nthawi zambiri zimachitika, kuyambira ndikofunikira.

ndondomeko Features

Monga selo magawano kumachitika? Amitosis zambiri zimachitika maselo m'mene yafupika ntchito mitotic. Choncho, ya maselo ayenera kufa chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena chikhalidwe cha kusintha pathological, akhoza sachedwa imfa yake kwa nthawi yaitali.

Amitosis - ndondomeko imene boma la phata pa interphase kusunga zizindikiro zawo morphological: nucleolus akhoza akuonekera bwino, komanso chigoba chake, DNA si chitidwe, chromatin - mapuloteni, DNA ndi RNA osati spiraleziruyutsya ndi chizindikiritso DNA phata la maselo eukaryotic palibe.

Pali yozungulira magawano selo - mitosis. Amitosis, mosiyana, amalola selo pambuyo kugawanika kukhala ntchito yake chinthu chamoyo. Spindle (loukitsa kuti asakhale ndi vutoli tsankho) pamene amitosis sumangoyambika, koma pakati komabe amakhala wogawanika, ndi chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ndi kugawa mwachisawawa mfundo chibadwa. Kupanda ndondomeko cytokinetic chifukwa mu kubalana maselo ndi mtima awiri, amene sakhoza kulowa mkombero ankaikira mitosis m'tsogolo. Angapo kubwereza amitosis kungachititse kuti mapangidwe maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa mitima.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Amitosis monga lingaliro ndi anayamba kutuluka mu mabuku ambiri mu zaka 80 zaka mazana makumi awiri. Pakali pano, pali maganizo kuti njira zonse zimene kale la- pansi lingaliro ili, zoona molakwika zotsatira za kafukufuku pa zithunzi bwino okonzeka. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti chodabwitsa cha kugawikana selo limodzi ndi chiwonongeko cha kale, pangachitike yemweyo molakwa anamvetsa ndi kutanthawuzira deta. Komabe, ena mwa njira ya kugawikana maselo eukaryotic sangathe zimachitika mitosis kapena meiosis. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi ndi chitsimikiziro ndi ndondomeko macronuclear Chigawo (cell phata ciliates, lalikulu kukula), imene ena khromozomu tsankho mbali ndi ngakhale kuti spindle ndi aumbike kugawikana.

Kodi chifukwa vuto la njira kuphunzira amitosis? Popeza kuti zodabwitsazi kovuta kudziŵa zochititsa morphological. Chotero mtima ndi osadalirika. Kulephera kuzindikira bwino zizindikiro amitosis ndondomeko kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe zochokera yakuti si onse m'chiuno nyukiliya chizindikiro cha amitosis. Ndipo ngakhale dumbbell kake, amene bwino m'kukoma phata la, zitha bwanji mtundu pomayenda. Komanso phata constriction mwina chifukwa cha chodabwitsa zoipa yapitayi magawano ndi mitosis. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pambuyo amitosis endomitosis (khromozomu anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri njira popanda magawano maselo, ndi phata ake). Childs amitosis zotsatira ndondomeko mu anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri pa phata selo. Kubwereza zodabwitsazi amalenga kuchuluka kwa mtima selo. Choncho amitosis amalenga maselo ndi khromozomu anapereka polyploid mtundu.

Pomaliza

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena kuti amitosis - njira imene selo lagawidwa choyimira mwachindunji, mwachitsanzo fission nyukiliya chikuchitika mu magawo awiri. The ndondomeko pakokha kupezera magawano selo mu, amachepetsa ofanana zofanana. Izi imakhudzanso mudziwe chibadwa selo.

Zimenezi angapo kusiyana lakuthwa ku gulu gawo ndi mitosis. Chachikulu kusiyana m'kati mitosis ndi amitosis palibe pachimake chipolopolo m'chiwonongeko ndi pa amitosis nucleolus, ndi otaya ndondomeko popanda mapangidwe spindle ndi kupereka magawano zambiri. Cytokinesis nthawi zambiri si wogawanika.

Panopa, palibe maphunziro a nthawi yathu ino, chimene chingalowe bwino kudziwa amitosis monga mawonekedwe a alibe foni. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi maganizo amitosis monga njira ya kugawikana selo chifukwa kukhalapo kwa wochepa kwambiri kugawa thupi lonse selo. Chifukwa amitosis mwina bwino kunena kuti ndondomeko zolimbana zochitika mu maselo.