Ancient chikhalidwe - Mphesa: tizirombo Chomera ndi matenda

Mphesa ndi imodzi mwa mbewu wamkulu zipatso. Zake zonse wakula ndi kuchita mpaka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Mphesa (chithunzi anapereka m'munsimu) amasiyana ukulu zipatso ndi mphesa, kulawa, mtundu, nthawi ya kupsa ndi zina. Masiku ano, pali 7,000 mitundu ya mbewu imeneyi. Zoyambazo Soviet Union pali pafupifupi 2,000 mitundu, 2/3 amene anali m'dera. Kuwonjezera zoweta ambiri mitundu zinkachokera ku mayiko monga Italy, Germany, France. Kugunda matenda mphesa ndi tizirombo, malingana ndi mtundu ndi malo kukula.

Lonjezo la mphesa wathanzi - ndi njira yoyenera ulimi. Chitsamba ayenera bwino anapanga bwino anayatsa, madzi, podkormlen yake thinned ndi zina zotero. Posankha chikhalidwe ndi zofunika kupereka mmalo osati kwa mitundu akale tingachipeze powerenga, ndi Integrated zisathe. matenda mphesa ndi tizirombo kugunda kamodzikamodzi. Koma ngati chomera wanu zimakhudza, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala ndi chitetezo kwachilengedwenso. Dama: "Aktofit", "Gaupsin", "Lepidocide", "Trihodermin" chotsimikizira kuti ndi oyenera ndithu. Monga kudziwa kuti izi mankhwala kufunika kamodzi pa sabata (ndipo iliyonse mvula) kwa ndondomeko mphesa. Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga bwino inathetsedwa mwatsoka mankhwala. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito onse nkhondowo matenda kale ndi kupewa. njira mankhwala ali m'magulu malinga ndi ntchito chinthu. Fungicides ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda a mafangasi. Against matenda bakiteriya - bactericides. Ndi kumenyana tizirombo tizirombo, ndi ulamuliro udzu - herbicides.

Matenda a mphesa ndi mankhwala

Cinoni - ndi mafangasi matenda ndi ambiri m'madera yonyowa ndi yotenthayi imakhala. Spores wa bowa ndi kukhazikika pansi pa masamba pa kutentha + 11ºC ndipo ngakhale pali m'mawa mame. Zikavuta chitsamba wotaya yokolola, masamba kugwa ndipo palibe Bookmark zokolola m'tsogolo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda chikasu mawanga pa mbali chapamwamba masamba, ndi pa underside wa masamba yokutidwa ndi woyera powdery wofooka. Pakuti kupewa matenda a mbewu zomera ayenera kukonzedwa 1% Bordeaux madzi (mosonyeza m'munsi gawo masamba). Mankhwala "Acrobat", "Ridomil", "strobe" ndi ena.

Powdery cinoni (oidium) - matenda amene kumaonekera louma ndi lina nyengo. Pa zanthete, ndi zipatso zosapsa kuoneka woyera pachimake, masamba azipiringa mu ngalawa, siyani kukula ndi kuguluka. Pofuna matenda ntchito colloidal sulfure , ndi mankhwala monga "topazi," "Liwiro" ndi "strobe".

Phylloxera - ambiri ndi owopsa tizilombo wa mphesa, amene angaphe chomera lonse. Pa mpesa waukulu wa zitsamba amene anadabwa deta tizilombo kwenikweni achotsa ndi kutentha. Latsopano mu malo awo zaka zoposa 10 si anabzala. Phylloxera - yaing'ono enaake achikasu aphid, sadzachitanso kuonekera kwa apoyera. Mu masamba kachilombo anapanga mbali m'munsi mwa chotupa (kutupa), imene mphutsi tizilombo kukhala. Pofuna ntchito "hexachlorane" (2% njira) "Malathion", "Kinmiks" koma mankhwala ogwira kulibeko. Ndipo ngati inu mungazindikire zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda, kuchotsa masamba kachilombo. Ngakhale njira yabwino akadali kuchotsa chitsamba lonse.

Zokhudza mphesa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kupewa kuposa ina kuthana nawo. Gwiritsani otchedwa thanki kasakaniza - yankho ntchito mankhwala angapo. Pali zambiri matebulo, kumene mudzaphunzira za ngakhale wosauka ndi ntchito. Pakhoza monga mankhwala kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, Stimulators kukula zipatso, komanso feteleza. Samalani ndi thanzi la m'munda wako wonse, panthawi yake yonse ntchito, ndi chaka adzasonkhanitsa kukolola.