Ancient crossopterygian nsomba

nsomba Crossopterygii ndi imodzi mwa mitundu amakezana nsomba kwa munthu. M'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri iwo ankatengedwa zinatha pafupifupi 70 mln. Zaka zapitazo. mitembo yawo unayambira apezeka ambiri madzi oyera ndi m'madzi madzi a dziko. Mosamala Kupenda mafupawa walola asayansi amati nsomba a gulu cha adani m'malo lalikulu. Ambiri conical mano amphamvu musculature ndi thupi m'malo abwino kutalika (kuchokera masentimita 7 5 m) ndi chinyama Woyesana kwambiri chilengedwe aliyense amadzimadzi.

Dzinali crossopterygian nsomba analandira kwa kapangidwe kodabwitsa kwa mafupa a zipsepse minofu. Mpheroyi angapo nthambi mu mawonekedwe a zigawo burashi. dongosolo koteroko zipsepse osati zimathandiza nsomba kuwononga kwambiri nthawi pansi pa mosungiramo, komanso bwinobwino kusuntha pamodzi pansi mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse. The chifukwa chachikulu cha kuyenda kwa zinthu kukhala amphamvu kwambiri musculature.

Pambuyo masekeli deta onse, asayansi amakono afike pomvetsetsa kuti makhalidwe onse a nsomba amalola Pali kufanana pakati Crossopterygii nsomba ndi achule choyamba. Mfundo imeneyi zachokera zina zosangalatsa, kupezeka mu makalasi onse. Umboni wina chiphunzitso ichi chakhala dzina lake Tiktaalik. Umatanthauza nsomba Crossopterygii, kuvekedwa ndi maonekedwe abwino a ng'ona, inali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbali, kaphatikizidwe ndi achule ndi. Iye anali ndi mpweya iwiri: gill m'mapapo ndi zipsepse ndi pafupifupi amatikumbutsa kapangidwe ka nthambi nyama.

Kuchokera pa onse sayansi pamwamba wabwera kunena kuti nsomba superorder crossopterygian anatenga mbali mu zamoyo wa achule, anapereka moyo padziko lapansi zolembedwa zina, ndipo iye ali zinatha kwathunthu.

Komabe, mfundo imeneyi ankaona zabwino zokha mpaka 1938, pamene kanzenene yaikulu pakati pa asayansi yatulusa nsomba yachilendo wagwidwa South Africa. Kusanthula nsomba chamawa wamba nsomba trawler, MS Latimer anakumana zachilendo buluu nsomba kutalika pafupifupi 150 masentimita ndi masekeli pafupifupi 57 kg. Chifukwa chotulukira wake wa mkaziyo anapita kwa nyumbayi, komabe sanathe kudziwa Mwachitsanzo yeniyeni Pawokha. Opanda mwayi kupulumutsa nsomba moyo, Latimer ntchito modzaza taxidermist opangidwa nyama. Kodi anadabwa anali wotchuka Professor Smith, pamene iye anawona chionetsero ichi makhalidwe onse kumuwombera nthumwi Crossopterygii. Pambuyo bwinobwino ndi kusanthula apeza nsomba ndi dzina lake polemekeza mkazi amene anatsegula kuwala kwake. Tsopano Latimeria chalumnae - wamoyo kokha Crossopterygii nsomba pa dziko.

Kukomeza anakweza za anapeza zachilendo, anthu ambiri kuthamangira pofunafuna anthu zachilendo mayiwe. Komabe, coelacanth akagwire msanga kuphedwa, asalandidwe malo achilengedwe. Choncho anthu anakana nsomba ufulu "anaukitsa" nsomba ndi anthu aika anatenga amphamvu boma chitetezo.

Crossopterygii coelacanth nsomba, mofanana ndi makolo awo akale, ndi ogwirira amphamvu. Ngati zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, olimba mantha adani awo kwambiri mano akuthwa ndi amphamvu zipsepse yolimba tofanana yoteroyo nyama. Ikayamba a m'misasa usiku coelacanth zimayambitsa mu nyamazo: nyamayi ndi nsomba ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, ndi iwo eni sachedwa chakudya zolusa ikuluikulu, omwe ali nsombazo.

Kwambiri toyesa lalikulu la mitundu kufika kutalika kwa 2 mamita ndi kulemera pafupi makilogalamu 100. Kutalika kwa wakhanda coelacanth thupi pafupifupi 33 cm. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ana ndi kukula m'malo pang'onopang'ono, koma chifukwa cha propensity kwa moyo wautali chifukwa cha kukula mu toyesa mwachilungamo lalikulu.