Bashkir dziko zovala: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe ndi mbiri ya yatsoka

National zovala Bashkirs kawirikawiri Mipikisano magawo: m'munsi avale zigawo zingapo kuphimba pamwamba, awiri, atatu kapena kuposa wandiweyani odula ndipo potsiriza nsalu Yelyan - mtundu wa kuleza analambalala chida cha nsalu, zikopa, anamva, ubweya nkhosa. The zovala zambiri - ndi watanthauzo munthu anayang'ana mu maso mwa anansi awo. Ndipo sadalira nyengo, atavala kwa nyengo. Kusoka ndi kabudula wang'ono wamkati ntchito amamwa nsalu kapena hemp nettle, kawirikawiri molemera nsalu. The nsapato munkakhala chikopa.

Yelyan

Anasoka malaya zimenezi zimathandiza kumalumikiza, amuna - ndi kumbuyo molunjika, ndi akazi - zokuzira ndipo ndithu mudakhumudwapo. Male Yelyan kwa chilimwe kroili nsalu mdima thonje, chikondwerero - veleveti, woyera bafuta, silika. Komanso zovala tsiku ndi tsiku fancifully nakonza ngakhale kwa amuna: kuchita chigamba cha nsalu wofiira piping pa manja, Betelehemu, simenti, chokongoletsedwa ndi kuluka, nsalu, applique. Bashkir zovala dziko yekha pamodzi, ngakhale tsiku ndi tsiku.

Akazi adasoka ndekha Yelyan za silika, bafuta, veleveti mtundu; mikwingwirima pa manja, Betelehemu ndi simenti anali osati wofiira, koma buluu, wobiriwira, ndi zambiri interspersed ndi mangongo. Sikuti chokongoletsedwa ndi embroideries ndi ntchito, komanso ndalama, miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti Triangles sewn pa mapewa (yaurynsa). Female dziko zovala Bashkir adamfunsa zovala kwambiri luso, kuleza mtima ndiponso kupirira.

Kazakin

A mtundu sizachilendo kwa Bashkir outerwear - Cossack. M'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, amuna ndi outerwear akazi mu odulidwa ankasiyana pang'ono Chrixitu: yemweyo sayenera Bashkir suti dziko ndi manja dzenje chomangira lamba ndi mabatani. Mbali chofunika kudula kudzera m'matumba.

Koma liza Cossack amuna mosavuta siyanitsa ndi akazi. Male mu kutsirizitsa pafupifupi zosavuta, osati kanthu kuti Iye adali ndi yunifolomu kwa regiments asilikali. Female komanso molemera nsalu monga Yelyan: ndi nsalu ndipo applique, ndi mangongo ndi zodzikongoletsera chonyezimira.

Makamaka zovala akazi

Akazi pansi pa Cossack amavala zovala, thalauza lonse, zamphepo lalifupi bezrukavye pamene pa holide - onetsetsani veleveti kapena silika mikanjo. Zima malaya pamwamba ndikanatha kuvala kapena malaya. Komanso adasoka yozizira Chekmenev nsalu. Komabe, kuvala mikanjo ndi malaya ubweya anali kuvomerezedwa khalidwe la holide, ndipo izo ndi sikudalira nyengo ndi nthawi ya chaka.

Miinjiro anali kukongoletsa kwambiri: nsalu cornelian, zamoyo, mayi a ngale, ndalama, buckles zodzikongoletsera. Home zovala chikondwerero kroili wa amamwa dongosolo nsalu yopeta. Female Bashkir zovala dziko zikusonyeza mmene ina mkazi needlework.

nsapato akazi

Nsapato mu Bashkir Goldfinch anali osiyanasiyana: nsapato, nsapato, m'nyumba chikopa galoshes. Chikopa nsapato zakutha ndi onse - amuna, akazi ndi ana. nsapato akazi inalinso mapeto wolemera, osati mzere, komanso ndi mphonje akuda. Tinali kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwunika nsapato kuti mkazi aliyense amayesedwa azikongoletsa zabwino.

Wolimbikira ntchito anthu - Bashkirs, zovala dziko sali osiyana chabe, koma nthawi basi mogometsa. Ngakhale masitonkeni iwo sanali ndinangomverera, nsalu kapena chinsalu, iwo zambali ndi chitsanzo applicator. Osokedwa masitonkeni zopangidwa ubweya amadziwikanso nakonza ndi nsalu akuda. Ngati tikulingalira zovala miyambo ya anthu a Russia, Bashkirs zino sadzakhala otaika, chifukwa kufunika waukulu angagwirizanitse kukongola zovala.

mipango

Nduwira Bashkirs - mtundu wa pasipoti. Kuyang'ana takyi ndi burek, akhoza kukhala molondola ndi popanda kufunsa aliyense kudziwa munthu wotani amavala iwo: momwe izo ziliri, ngati mkazi wakwatiwa, mtundu anthu awa a. Limasimba zonse zoyenera ndi dongosolo makamaka. Zipewa kawirikawiri kwambiri wowala kuposa ena zovala chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala, miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndalama. Choncho kukongoletsa zipewa, anthu ambiri Urals ndi Siberia, mwachitsanzo, Buryats. Ndipo Bashkir zovala dziko kukonzedwa mosamala, kusunga miyambo yonse.

Komanso ntchito ubweya marten, otter, Beaver ndi nyama zina. Women ankavala burek pa Tastar kapena shawl, amene anali splendidly wokonzedwa. Akazi okwatiwa ankavala Cashman - kapu ndi dzenje pamwamba, kumene pansi yaitali kaso riboni. Tastar - ndi zoyera nsalu kapena nsalu mpango, amene pansi chipewa wina ankavala akazi achikulire. Komanso nthawi zambiri ankavala shawls lalikulu ndi mipango zopangidwa mbuzi pansi. Features wa Bashkir zovala dziko - mu handicrafts anayamba kwambiri mu theka wamkazi wa anthu.

menswear

Anthu ovala Bashkortostan si kaso. komanso yabwino. mathalauza yopapatiza, jekete, si asagwiritse gulu kapena malaya. Malaya popanda makolala, zingwe akuda pa khosi cutout. M'nyengo yozizira, wakhala irreplaceable nkhosa - malaya ubweya, nkhosa malaya. Chikondwerero malaya nsalu dongosolo miyambo imene kufunika aganyali kutanthauza - kukumbukira amulet kuti nthawi kunyamula zovala mtundu wa anthu. Bashkirs nazonso.

Yekha wamwamuna gawo - Camaro, nthawi chikhalidwe ndi yaitali kwambiri, chifukwa kupanga amene anali nsalu Zaveleveti, veleveti. Lamba chokongoletsedwa kuluka, nsalu, golide ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali siliva ndi oyika a ngale, sard, sibu, nofeki. Lamba ndi chobvalidwa pa Yelyan kapena camisole. Long m'mbali pansi m'mbali, kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa yokongola.

zipewa anthu

Tubetey - mu Russian izo zikumveka, ndipo limatanthauza "chigaza kapu" - tsiku ndi tsiku nduwira Buryat amuna. Achikulire amakonda mdima mtundu, ndi achinyamata - yowala buluu, wobiriwira, wofiira. Kachiwiri, nsalu ... Kodi zovala dziko? Bashkirs ananena kuti ndi nsalu. Ichi ndi zazikulu zimasiyanitsa mwatsatanetsatane. Kuwonjezera nsalu, skullcaps nsalu ntchito mikanda, zamoyo, kuluka. M'chaka Komabe, Bashkirs zambiri Don ndi zipewa za ubweya - izo zikudalira pa chofunika nthawiyo.

Amuna amakonda kwambiri "chaukali" ubweya: nkhandwe, amphaka, nkhandwe, chimbalangondo. Koma m'mphepete kutsogolo kwa chipewa ubweya akadali konsekonse ubweya okwera mtengo - sable ndi marten. Steppe ankakonda kuvala malakhai - kelepere. zipewa izi ndi korona mkulu ndi M'mimbamo, chophimba mapewa ndi kumbuyo. Mwina izi kapu Bashkirs anaitenga ku Mongolia. Malachai ubweya zinawakhudza, ndi pamwamba za nsalu kapena anamva. Bashkirs olemera ankakonda avale fez (FES) chokongoletsedwa ndi burashi. Ngati Muslims onse, atumiki a chipembedzo, ndipo anali atavala nduwira.

nsapato zachimuna

Pa mapazi ake Bashkirs zambiri anali ndi nsapato zosavuta: wamng'ono galoshes chikopa ndi nsapato (ichigi). Nthawi wapadera ankavala ndi kuti, ndi wina: pa chipani kapena galoshes mzikiti anawomberedwa pakhomo, komanso yokongola ichigi anakhalabe pa mapazi ake. Komanso anthu pansi Ichigo anali mwina masitonkeni kapena mwendo nsalu.

A zambiri ntchito m'matumba Bashkirs ake dziko zovala. Dziko lonse ku pulayimale amapereka mutu wa zovala dziko. Bashkir mu mawu awiri sangathe kufotokoza. Ndipotu ndi zovala za Bashkirs dziko? Kufotokozera zimatenga nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu zimatengera kulemba nkhani yolembedwa sayansi. Komabe, kuyang'ana pa nsalu izi zokongola ndi yokongola, mukhoza kuona mogwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko, kudziwa kukongola miyambo wowerengeka, akubwera kuchokera kalelo. Amuna ndi akazi zovala dziko Bashkir zokongola ndi - Chofunika - wapadera kwambiri.

fulakesi

Bashkirs kale anali lonse luso lovuta kulima fulakesi. Nsalu zambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa, wochenjera, poyerekeza ndi hemp, kumene kupanga zingwe wabwino ndi zingwe chifukwa kutalika kwa usasungunuke. Nsalu nsalu Bashkir akazi anathanso kupanga mitundu angapo.

Kukhwimitsa anapita outerwear ndi kabudula anthu, ndi zobisika kwambiri - pa matawulo ndi chikondwerero malaya. Lona mu ambuye Bashkir sanathe atangokhazikitsa kusalaza ndi zoyera, koma checkered ndi kukwapulidwa, otchedwa pestryad. Chotero Bashkirs nsalu ntchito zovala ndi chikhalidwe makatani panokha.

coloration

Pamene kudetsa ankakonda bafuta woyera ndi utoto achilengedwe (alder makungwa, udzu), chinapezeka mitundu ndi ofunda, si tima - kuchokera kuwala zachikasu woderapo. Koma pamene pali utoto fakitale Bashkir zovala dziko adaonetserabe kuwala, zimalimbikitsa, ngakhale mitundu chipangizo. Koma ngakhale mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, njira zakale za mitundu ndi sanaiwale.

Mu makumi asanu, anali wokhoza kugwila monga Bashkir atsikana kupita mapwando chikhalidwe, papezeka awo masamba mipango plantain. Choyamba kuwala Mzere msipu kukafika kutsogolo kwa lalikulu ndi, ndiye masamba anali atavala zigawo ndi mano mpango uyo mu madera osiyana kupanga dongosolo.

Anapatsidwa divergent arcuate mzere yowala wobiriwira mtundu kupanga mkombero. Njira imeneyi atsikana anali ndi katswiri, dongosolo analandira zosamvetsetseka ndi wapadera. Ndipo m'chaka ndi chilimwe chikondwerero iliyonse mtsikana amavala mpango, amene anapanga yake.

kuluka

zovala Homespun ndi pafupi kwathunthu Bashkir dziko zovala. Ndi wamkazi mwamtheradi ntchito, kumene atsikana anazolowera asanafike zaka khumi, chifukwa kukwatira, kapena kuti zaka fifitini, anali ndi kukonzekera malowolo zawo. Ndipo kwambiri, otanganidwa kwambiri. Onse-wamkazi dziko Bashkir zovala nokha, zovala adzakhale mwamuna wake, komanso chifukwa apongozi ndi svokra, ziwiya zonse nsalu kunyumba.

Home nsalu Bashkirs anali miyambo chimango kapangidwe ndi ofanana kwambiri makina amenewa, omwe anauziridwa ndi Russian. Bashkir wokhoza kuchita zosiyanasiyana njira kuluka: kubweza, kusankidwa ndi chinangwa mnogoremiznuyu. Kuluka zanyumba - kumene abakha si chimodzi, koma zambiri, zonse ndi ulusi Mipikisano wachikuda.

Bashkir dziko zovala chokongoletsedwa ndi amangoona cholinga chokongoletsera chachikulu - sitepe kusintha kwa mtundu. Chinangwa kuluka chitsanzo amapereka umodzi, elongated, popanda proshv. Njira imeneyi chokongoletsedwa matawulo miyambo ndi nsaru (charshau). anthu onse okhala pafupi Bashkirs ndi, ankakonda dongosolo ofiira ndi oyera, Bashkirs komanso kukodzedwa kwambiri mtundu ndi malire yokongola toweling chitsanzo, chokongoletsera Zikungokhala ngati Turk, ndi mtundu chitsanzo ikuchitika padziko munda wofiira, wachikasu kapena zofiirira.

Matewera kwa mkwati ndi mkwatibwi

Traditional ndi yofunika kwambiri chidutswa cha zovala - thewera. Iye analowa malowolo mkwatibwi, ndipo chimodzi zambiri - monga mphatso kwa mkwati. Izi zovala zambiri humdrum, zovala amavala nthawi zonse ndi onse - akazi ndi amuna, koma popeza Chikhalidwe ichi mwa mphatso ukwati, onse ornamented ndi ambiri mochenjera. Ziri ngati ntchito khadi luso mkwatibwi. Male thewera unadonthezedwa, kusankidwa kuluka ndi chifuwa chopapatiza, ndi gulu amakona anayi mchimake mbedza wakuda malire pa luso yokongola unyolo ulusi.

thewera Female analinso wosankhidwa kuluka malaya, ndi elegantly nsalu ndi zofunda, pansi anapita frill lonse. Kwambiri kaso amafotokozera. Pamene pali zambiri fakitale nsalu, kudula pamaso pa zitsulo ndi lamba detachable ndi pleats. Panali flounces zina ndi frills. Nthawi zina mbendera thewera sewn zomangira ziwiri ndi flounces lonse, molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi msonkhano. Zamaluwa chokongoletsera nsalu anachita zolimba kwambiri, nthawi zina zinali zosaoneka nsalu.

Mfundo za zikuchokera

Mfundo yaikulu ya zovala Bashkirs zikuchokera ndi mukulumikiza, layering zinthu kukongoletsa ndi magawo, amene timaona kavalidwe wamkazi. Nthawi zambiri inkakhala malaya aatali tailed ndi ruffles zingapo Betelehemu, ndi thalauza lonse, nsalu pachifuwa, mathalauza refueled mu masitonkeni. Kenako anapita thewera, malaya kapena lalifupi sayenera odula ndi nsapato. Ndipo potsiriza - malingana ndi msinkhu ndi banja - chisoti.

Maziko a zovala wamkazi - shati: chatsekedwa mawonekedwe, ndi zazitali manja, kolala dzenje, lonse ndi yaitali - pamaso kumwendo wa - Betelehemu. Six ndipo ngakhale eyiti mamita nsalu aliyense anatenga shati. Pamwamba m'chiuno nthawi sewn frill kuphimba msoko wa bafuta. Kuwonjezera malaya, komanso zinali zofunika mu diresi ya mkazi ndi chovala - lonse ndi yaitali.