Andrei Platonovich Platonov: biography ndi kulengedwa, chithunzi

Pakati pa olemba kumeneko ndi awo omwe amayesetsa kuti adziwone bwino m'moyo wawo, chifukwa sagwirizana ndi malingaliro a nthawi yawo. Koma zaka kapena zaka zikupita, ndipo ntchito zawo zimalandira malo oyenera m'mbiri ya mabuku. Kwa olemba otero ndi Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe mbiri yake ndi chitsimikizo chowonekera cha izi. Anakhala moyo wovuta. Ntchito zake zakulenga zinamupweteka pambuyo pake. Ndipo kokha mu 80-ies a XX m'ma 1900, izo zinadza kulandira dziko.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe mbiri yake imayamba mu 1899, anabadwira m'banja losawuka lalikulu la katswiri wa sitima yapamwamba Klimentov (dzina lenileni la Platonov) mumzinda wa Voronezh. Tsogolo la mwanayo linali losasangalala. Chosowa chokhazikika ndi kudera nkhawa abale ndi alongo amukakamiza mnyamata ali ndi zaka 14 kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito pa sitimayo ndi bambo ake. Kumeneko, amaphunzira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Maphunziro Andrei Platonovich analandira ku sukulu ya parishiyo, ndipo atatha kugwira ntchito pa siteshoniyo, adaphunzira ndikugwira ntchito mofanana. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale panthawi yovuta, kuthandizira banja, sanakhale ndi ludzu la chidziwitso, koma, mosiyana, anadziŵa ntchito zatsopano ndi kuphunzira. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anayamba ntchito yolenga ya Andrei Platonovich. Mwachibadwa, kugwira ntchito mwakhama pa siteshoni, monga sitima palokha, kunasinthidwa kwambiri m'maganizidwe a mnyamatayo ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapezeka ntchito yake.

Ntchito ndi Mabuku

Kenaka, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe mbiri yake ndi ntchito kuyambira nthawi yoyambirira anali ophatikizana kwambiri ndi moyo wovuta ndi wovuta, akuyamba kugwira ntchito bwino monga wolemba nkhani ndi wolemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Voronezh Polytechnic ndipo amagwira ntchito pa sitimayi. Vuto losawerengeka la talente limadziwonetsera palokha panthawi ino. M'kuunika kwake muli mndandanda wake wa "Blue Depth" (1922).

A mwachidule mbiri ya Platonov Andrey Platonovich akupitiriza ndi chakuti moyo wake panthawiyi molumikizana ndi ntchito kuti phindu Voronezh chigawo. Iye samasiya kugwira ntchito pa siteshoni ya sitima, kuphatikizapo, amagwira ntchito ngati ameliorator. Zolinga zake ziri zofanana ndi zofuna za achinyamata ambiri. Iye akufuna kusintha dziko kuti likhale labwino, amakhulupirira mu kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi. Ali ndi maximalism yachinyamata, yomwe ikuwoneka bwino mu ntchito yake yolemba.

Ndizodabwitsa, koma kuntchito sakayiwala za kulemba. Nkhani zake zodzaza, kukula kwachinyamata komweko ndi chikhulupiriro muzopita patsogolo zamakono, koma samayiwala za mudzi womwewo. Kuphatikizanso apo, akulemba mwakhama nyuzipepala ndi magazini a Voronezh, iye amafalitsidwa m'manyuzipepala a Moscow.

Mbiri ya Platonov ya Andrei Platonovich adakali ndi zochitika zowopsya, iye amafalitsa nkhani zake za mudziwu "Mu Starry Wilderness" (1921) ndi "Chuldik ndi Epishka" (1920). Komanso malingaliro ake omveka akuwonekera mwachangu polemba ndi kutsogolera nkhani za sayansi zongopeka ndi zolemba: "Ana a Dzuwa" (1922), "Markun" (1922), "Moonbomb" (1926).

Moscow

The mwachidule mbiri ya Platonov, Andrey Platonovich, akukambidwa ndi ife. Mu 1927 iye ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Moscow. Chisankhocho chinali chodziwika bwino, masamba a Platonov amagwira ntchito pa siteshoni ya sitimayo ndipo amapatsidwa kulemba.

Zolemba zobala zipatso zimabereka chipatso, ndipo buku la "Epiphany sluices", limene kenako limatchula dzina lonse la nkhani ndi nkhani, likufalitsidwa. M'ntchito za nthawi imeneyo, kunali zovuta zambiri ku Russia ndiye. Wolemba wopanda embellishment akukamba za malingaliro ake achichepere ndi omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri, amadzudzula yekha.

Kuwonjezera pa kutsutsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu nthawi imeneyo, Platonov amalankhula momveka bwino za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha kugonana, pokhudzana ndi izi, kabuku kakuti Antisexus (1928) kanasindikizidwa. Apa mlembi amatsutsa malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha kukana chikondi chachithupithupi pofuna kuthandiza ntchito zothandiza anthu. Wolembayo molimba mtima amalankhula motsatira maulamuliro ndi maganizo ake.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri cha Platonov chimapangidwa, chofunikira kwambiri, chodabwitsa, chimakhala mwa kusowa kwa chinenero ndi kulunjika kwa mawu ndi mawu. Chifukwa cha kalembedwe kodabwitsa ndi kosavuta kwenikweni, mawu amapita kwa wowerenga ndi tanthauzo lake lenileni. Kulemba koteroko sikuli kwa aliyense mu mabuku a Russian.

Kuwonjezera pa kalembedwe, Platonov amasintha gawo lachimake la ntchito zake. Tsopano chikhalidwe choyamba ndi chikhulupiliro cha tsogolo labwino kwambiri zimapereka njira kwa filosofi kufunafuna cholinga chamuyaya cha moyo. Amphamvu a ntchito za Platonov ndi achilendo, osungulumwa, akufufuza anthu, oyendayenda, ojambula, osungira, osungulumwa.

M'njira iyi, biography ya Platonov, Andrei Platonovich, ikukula ndipo ikuwonetsedwa mu ntchito zofalitsidwa nthawi imeneyo, kuchokera pa cholembera chake, mu nkhani "Yamskaya Sloboda" (1917), mwachitsanzo. Umenewo ndi mtundu wa mauthenga kumayendedwe ake akale a m'mudzi, koma akuwongosoledwanso ndi kuwongosoledwa mothandizidwa ndi filosofi yatsopano. Mzinda wa Mabulu a 1928 ndi chisomo pa Soviet bureaucratic system. "Munthu Wobisika" wa m'chaka cha 1928 ponena za munthu woyendayenda yemwe amasonyeza moyo potsutsana ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni yoopsa. Pazinthu izi Platonov akufotokozera kufufuza kwake kwa chikhazikitso cha kukhalapo, momveka bwino kunatsatizana ndi moyo wa munthu, kufooka kwake ndi kuyandikira kwa kutha.

Kudzudzula ndi kusokonezeka

N'zosadabwitsa kuti panthawiyo pulojekiti yotereyi sinadziwike ndi akuluakulu. Posakhalitsa, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe mbiri yake siinali yophweka, analibe funsolo m'malemba ake. Ndipo zonsezi zinayamba ndi mfundo yakuti ndondomeko yopita ku mabuku inakhala yolimba kwambiri, yomwe inagwirizana ndi kufotokozera nkhaniyi "Che-Che-O" ndi nkhani yakuti "Makka Okayikira" a 1929, pambuyo pake Platonov adatsutsidwa ndi zotsutsana. Iwo anasiya kusindikiza konse. Ngakhale Maxim Gorky, amene Platonov anapempha thandizo, sakanatha kusintha.

Wolembayo sadapumula ku mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku. Banja lake kwa nthawi yaitali linali lopanda nyumba zawo ndipo izi zikukakamizidwa kuti aziyendayenda kwa nthawi yaitali zogona zogona. Ndipo mu 1931 kokha kunapezeka nyumba zamuyaya - malo osangalatsa pafupi ndi nyumba ya Tverskoi Boulevard. Lero ndi malo olembedwa ndi Herzen. Nthawi zovuta komanso kukanidwa kwa akuluakulu a boma, ndithudi, kunakhudza kwambiri malo a banja.

Wosakayikira

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto onse, Platonov akupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa buku la "Chevengur", koma, ndithudi, panthaŵi imeneyo kufalitsa bukuli m'kuunika kunalephera. Zinachitika mu 1971, ku Paris, pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba.

Zomwe zili m'bukuli zimalongosola mzinda wa Chevengur wamtendere komanso moyo wa anthu otchuka mmenemo, omwe amapita kumeneko patapita nthawi yaitali ndikukumana ndi mavuto. Moyo mumzindawu ndi wangwiro, aliyense ali wokondwa ndi wofanana wina ndi mzake. Kuwoneka kodabwitsa kwakuwonongeka ndi kubwera kwa ankhondo ndi asilikali, omwe amawononga anthu onse, komanso a komiti. Bukuli ndi chirichonse chimene chimachitika mmenemo ndi chithunzi cha zomwe Platonov ali. Mwachibadwa, zenizeni sizingakhale zabwino monga momwe tingafunire, koma panthawiyi, kufanana kuli kovuta. Kuonjezera apo, mu buku lachilendo, Platonov sataya chikhalidwe chake ndi chiyankhulo chake. Otsutsa ena amanena kuti njira iyi yoperekera siipambana ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira nkhani ya ntchitoyo.

Zitatu

Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe mbiri yake ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa ndale m'dzikoli, akuwonetsa momveka bwino luso lake la kulembedwa m'zaka makumi atatu za makumi awiri. Mu 1930, Platonov anamasula mbambande yake yaikulu - nkhani "Pit," yomwe yoyamba idzafalitsidwa mu 1987. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chachisankhulo chotsutsana ndi utopia, chomwe chimafotokoza za ntchito yosagwira ntchito, kugwa kwakukulu kwa communism ndi malingaliro ake. M'nkhaniyi, mmalo mwa nyumba yachifumu, manda onse anakhazikitsidwa. Brodsky analemba kuti Platonov adadzichepetsa yekha ku chinenero cha nthawiyo.

Fractures

Pakali pano, chikhalidwe cha anthu m'dzikoli chakhala cholimba, ndipo sichinadutsenso kudzera mwa Platonov. Panthawiyi, nkhani yake "Vprok" imatulukamo, yomwe imalongosola zolephera zomwe zimagwirizana, komanso nkhani yakuti "Kutaya Mpweya" pa mutu wotsutsa. Mwamwayi, oyamba adayang'anitsitsa Stalin, wachiwiriwo sanawonongeke. Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe mbiri yake sichikondweretsa wolembayo ndi nthawi zosangalatsa, adakhalanso wozunzidwa. Iye anasiya kusindikiza.

Pakati pa zaka makumi atatu ndi zitatu za m'ma 1900, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, yemwe ali ndi zolemba zochepa zokhudzana ndi zochitika panthawiyi, amalemba kwambiri pa tebulo, chifukwa sizituluka.

Aliyense pa tebulo

Ngakhale izi, zimagwira ntchito mochuluka kwambiri. Buku lakuti "Wokondwa Moscow" likugwiritsidwa ntchito, sewero "Voice of the Father". Amalembanso nkhani zambiri za olemba monga Pushkin, Paustovsky, Akhmatova, Green, Hemingway ndi ena. Kenaka, nkhani yakuti "Nyanja ya Achinyamata" imalengedwa, mutuwo uli pafupi ndi zonse "Pit," ndi "Chevengur", ndiye pali masewero ena - "Sharmanka".

Mu ntchito zake, Platonov akuchoka pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku zochitika zachikhalidwe cha anthu ndikusunthira ku zochitika zamaganizo ndi masewera. Iye akulemba mndandanda wonse wa nkhani zoimba, pakati pawo "Mtsinje wa Potudan", "Aphrodite", komanso "Clay House ku Andzd Gardens" ndi "Fro". Apa mlembi amalimbikitsa kuwonetsa maganizo kwa anthu, kuwerengera kwakukulu komwe kumabwera m'malo mwa malingaliro ovuta a wolembawo pa chikondi.

Malinga ndi nkhani zonse, kunali kosavuta kwa wolemba dzina lake Andrei Platonovich Biography. Kwa ana, amalembanso, ndipo atapambana kwambiri, chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi nkhani "Semyon" yokhudza chifundo ndi ana amasiye.

Mu 1933-35, Andrei Platonovich Platonov anapita ku Turkmenistan. Mbiri yachidule ya wolembayo imanena izi. Pansi pa zochitika za ulendo, akulemba nkhaniyo "Jan" pazochitika zake zowonongeka ndi zolemba zatsopano. Kuwomba kwauzira kumveka komanso kumveka mu ntchitoyi kumadabwitsa komanso kumveka.

Kulira pambuyo pa mphepo

Mu 1937, palibe chithunzi chodziŵika bwino cha ntchito ya wolemba dzina lake Andrei Platonovich Platonov. The biography, yomwe mwachidule mu nkhaniyi, ikudziwika ndi chokondweretsa kwa iye. Wolembayo akufalitsa nkhani zake "Mtsinje wa Potudan". Koma zoyembekeza za wolemba sizinali zomveka. Kusonkhanako kunatsutsidwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mu 1938 mlandu unapangidwira motsutsana ndi mwana yekhayo wa Platonov, ndipo mnyamatayo anamangidwa.

Nkhondo

Panthawi ya nkhondo, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, biography, zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi moyo umene amajambula okondwerera nthawi zonse a ntchito yake, amakhala wolemba nyuzipepala ya "Red Star". Koma ngakhale apa nkhani yake "Banja la Ivanovs" linasokoneza kwambiri ndipo linaonedwa kuti ndikunyoza banja la Soviet.

Zaka zotsiriza za moyo

Pambuyo pa nkhondo, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, biography, zithunzi ndi mfundo zina kuchokera ku moyo umene adalandira kuchokera kwa mbadwa zake, sizingagwirizane mokwanira m'mabuku. Poyesera kudzizindikiritsa yekha mu zenizeni za moyo, iye analemba zosiyana pa nkhani zachi Russia. Komanso, adalenga sewerolo "Likasa la Nowa". Komabe, nthawi sikumupatsa mpata wotchuka pa nthawi yake yonse. Mu 1951, Platonov anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, akugwira ntchito kuchokera kwa mwana wake wamwamuna, amene anamasulidwa kumsasa.

Kuzindikiridwa

Platonov sankazindikiridwa monga anthu a nthawi yake. Komabe, mu zaka za m'ma 1980, chidziwitso chake chodziwika bwino chinapangitsa kuti dziko likhale ndi chidwi mwa iye. Chilankhulo chake chodabwitsa ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso njira yovuta ya moyo yomwe adapeza okondedwa awo ndipo adayamikiridwa. Ngakhale izi, ntchito zambiri za Platonov sizinatulukidwe panobe.