Chukovsky Nikolay: biography ndi zithunzi

Chukovsky Nikolai Korneyevich ndi mwana wa bambo wotchuka, wolemba mabuku wa Russia ndi Soviet Korney Chukovsky, mwana wake woyamba, amene anagwirizanitsa moyo wake ndi mabuku, kumasuliridwa kwa prose ndi ndakatulo. Iye anabadwira ku Odessa pa November 4, 1965. Amayi ake, Maria Borisovna, anabadwira Gol'feld. Atakwatirana, anapita ndi mwamuna wake ku London, amene panthawiyo ankagwira ntchito yolemba magazini ya Odessa News. Chaka chotsatira, adabwerera ku Odessa mwezi watha wa mimba ndipo anabala mwana wamwamuna.

Nikolay Chukovsky: biography

Nikolai anakhala mwana wake wonse ku St. Petersburg komanso kumudzi wa Kuokkale (St. Petersburg). Chilengedwe cha banja lawo chikhoza kuchitiridwa kaduka. Bambo anali ochezeka ndi olemba komanso olemba ndakatulo omwe amadziwika m'mabuku, monga K. Vaginov, N. Zabolotsky, M. Slonimsky, V. Kaverin, ndi ena. Chifukwa chake, mwamsanga anadziwitsa mwana wake kuti alowe. Nicholas anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kukumbukira A. Blok. M'chaka cha 1921, adakhala ndi bambo ake ku Litfond dacha ndi anthu otchuka monga O. Mandelstam, V. Khodasevich, R. Dobuzhinsky ndi ena.

Kuphunzira ndi kuyamba kwa kulenga

Chukovsky Nikolai anamaliza maphunziro a Tenishevskoe College mu 1921, zaka zambiri adagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ku IFP ya Petrograd University (mpaka 1924). Kenako mu 1930 anamaliza maphunziro a Art Art Academy ku Institute of Art History ku Leningrad.

Ndipo posakhalitsa anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Nikolai Gumilev mu studio ya olemba "The Sounding Sink." Kenako Chukovsky Nikolai adayandikana kwambiri ndi a Petrograd Association of Young Writers "Serapion Brothers". Pamene adayamba kukhala wolimba mtima pa ntchito imodzi yokhayo "Aristocrat" ndi Mikhail Zoshchenko.

M. Voloshin

Kuchokera mu 1922 mpaka 1928, ndakatulo zake zidasindikizidwanso mobwerezabwereza pansi pa chinyengo cha Nikolai Radishchev. Nthano yake inavomerezedwa ndi M. Gorky, N. Gumilev, V. Khodasevich. Mu 1928 Nikolai Chukovsky akulemba mndandanda woyamba wolemba ndakatulo "Kupyolera mu Paradaiso Wachilengedwe", kenako amayamba kumasulira.

Bambo adamuuza mwana wake Maximilian Voloshin - wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa ku Russia, wolemba mabuku komanso wojambula zithunzi, ndipo Nikolai adakhalabe naye ku Koktebel. Kumeneko anakumana ndi wolemba wina wotchuka wa Chirasha komanso wolemba ndakatulo - Alexander Bely.

Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1932, Chukovsky anapita ku vocha ku likulu la zosangalatsa la Litfond ku Koktebel. Kumeneku iye adawona masiku otsiriza a moyo wa M. Voloshin, yemwe adamwalira ndi chikwapu chachiŵiri pa August 11, 1932. Nikolai Chukovsky anali kumaliro ake. Anzanga ankanyamula bokosi m'manja mwawo mpaka pamwamba pa Kuchuk-Yanyshar Upland.

Mlandu

Kuyambira mu 1937 mpaka 1938, dzina la Chukovsky, pamodzi ndi mayina a L. Nikulin, V. Kibalchich, G. Kuklin, B. Lifshits ndi ena, adatchulidwa mu milandu yokhudza kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi Soviet ku Moscow ndi olemba Leningrad. Anamugwira iye mwangozi kuti apulumuke.

Mu 1939 Nicholas analembedwera kulowa usilikali. Poyamba iye anali wochita nawo nkhondo ya Soviet ndi Finnish, ndipo kenako anatumikira ku Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu monga woyang'anira usilikali wa nyuzipepala yotchedwa Red Baltic Fleet. Mu July 1941 Chukovsky Nicholas anachokera ku doko la Baltic la Paldiski kupita ku Tallinn, ndipo anali ndi gulu la amuna angapo ochokera ku bomba la 10 la mabomba la mphepo, lomwe linali pafupi ndi dziko lonse la Germany m'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo.

Chakumapeto kwa chaka chimodzicho, mchimwene wake Boris anaphedwa pafupi ndi Moscow. Nikolai anazunzidwa kwambiri ndi mchimwene wake.

Leningrad

Pa kuzungulira Leningrad Chukovsk kunali mumzindawu. Kenaka adakhala mabwenzi ndi wotchuka wotchuka-bibliophile A. Tarasenkov. Mu October 1943, adasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi wa Main Political Administration wa Navy ya Soviet Union, Office of the Navy Publishing House. Tsiku lina wolembayo anapulumuka mozizwitsa, chifukwa, mpaka usiku, sanakhale ndi nthawi yothetsa milatho kunyumba ya Leonid Rakhmaninov. Atafika kunyumba m'mawa, adawona kuti nyumba yake idawombera bomba.

Mu 1946, Nicholas adasinthidwa. Kenako anayamba kumasulira ntchito yotchuka ya olemba achilendo olemekezeka, monga M. Twain, RL Stevenson, E. Seton-Thompson, Yu Tuvima ndi ena.

M'zaka za m'ma 50, Chukovsky anatenga masewero. Chakumapeto kwa moyo wake anali membala wa bungwe la Union of Writers la USSR ndi RSFSR, ndipo adakhala udindo wa wotsogolera wa gawo la omasulira a Union Writers 'Union ndipo anali mtsogoleri wa nyumba yotulutsa Sovetskiy pisatel.

Nikolay Chukovsky: mabuku

Ntchito yake yolenga inayamba ndi ndakatulo, mwamtheradi mwambo ndi mawonekedwe. Buku loyamba lofalitsidwa mu "Ushkuyniki" m'chaka cha 1922, pansi pa mawu akuti N. Radishchev, izi ndizo ndakatulo zake zitatu: "Pamwamba pa golide wapamwamba", "Kwa moyo" ndi "Ndipo magetsi akutentha m'kachisi".

M'chaka chomwecho mu nyuzipepala ya "Nakanune" adawonanso ndakatulo zingapo. Kenaka inayamba kusindikizidwa mu nyumba zomasulira "Russian Contemporary", "Leningrad", "Red Crow", "Sounding Shell", ndi zina zotero. Mg. Gorky analimbikitsa kwambiri zilembo zolemba ndakatulo za mnyamata wanzeru. Mu 1928, zolemba zake zokha "Kupyolera mu Paradaiso Wachilengedwe" zidzafalitsidwa.

Posakhalitsa anayamba kugwirizana ndi magazini a ana a "Hedgehog" ndi "Murzilka", kumene analemba mapepala kwa ana, koma sanawadzudzula mobwerezabwereza, akuti, ali ofooka ndipo sayenera kukumbukiridwa.

Kenaka akusiya ndakatulo za ana ndikulemba buku la "Youth" (1930), chaka chakumapeto, pali nkhani ndi nkhani "Mu nyumba yowonongeka", ndipo mu 1933 - buku lakuti "The Tale", kutsutsidwa kwa boma kunayankhula za iwo molakwika: Mlembiyo adatsutsidwa kuti ali ndi maganizo ochepa.

Zakale zachilengedwe zinakhala buku la "Yaroslavl" (1938) lonena za kuukira boma la Soviet ku Yaroslavl mu 1918.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo, mutu wa ulesi unali mutu waukulu. Malinga ndi nkhani yake "The Hunter Sea" (1945), filimuyo inakhazikitsidwa. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri ndizolembedwa "The Baltic Sky" (1955).

Zaka zotsiriza za moyo

Nikolay Korneyevich Chukovsky anamwalira mwadzidzidzi pa November 4, 1965. Malinga ndi mkazi wake Lydia, atatha kudya chakudya cham'mawa iye adagona pansi ndipo sanadzutse. Imfa ya mwana wake kwa Korney Ivanovich wazaka 83 anali kuyesedwa kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri amalemba za iye m'mabuku ake.

NK Chukovsky anaikidwa m'manda ku Moscow ku Novodevichy Manda. Anakwatiwa ndi Marina Nikolaevna Reinke (1903-1993). Anamuberekera ana aamuna awiri - Nicholas (wolemba injini) ndi Dmitry (woyang'anira TV).

Pa tsiku lachikumbutso cha imfa, mmodzi wa "Serapions" adzalemba kuti Chukovsky anali wolemba woona wa zaka za m'ma 30, 40 ndi 50, koma munthu wazaka makumi awiri, yemwe amadziwa udindo wochita zofalitsa zazikulu, kukoma kwake ndi mafano.