Animal Ubale: chikhazikitso, mitundu, mavuto

Animal Ubale - ndi maphunziro a sayansi ubale pakati pa nyama, zomera ndi zamoyo zina, komanso ndi chilengedwe chawo. The mfundo yaikulu ndi khalidwe la, kadyedwe, Pantchito za kusamuka, osauka ndi interspecies ubale. Zachilengedwe kufuna kumvetsa chifukwa chake mitundu ina angathe kukhala ndi mwamtendere wina ndi mnzake mu malo omwewo.

Ubale angathe kuganizira zochita za khalidwe la munthu. Dala ndipo mwangozi zochita za anthu akhoza kukhala zabwino kapena zoipa zotsatira za chilengedwe. nkhani zikuluzikulu monga zinyalala woopsawo, kuwonongedwa kwa mitundu, kusintha ntchito malo ndi kuipitsa.

Chikhazikitso cha Animal Ubale: Umodzi

Umodzi ndi yaikulu zikuluzikulu za chilengedwe chonse kuphunzira, amene limapangidwa yatikhudza nyama, zomera ndi tizilombo ndi malo awo makamaka thupi malo. Iwo amakhala m'magulu atatu: madzi, dziko ndi madambo. Zitsanzo zinthu zachilengedwe monga m'chipululu, nkhalango, tchire, Titafika pamalo, m'madzi matanthwe ndi otentha steppe nkhalango, palinso m'chilengedwe m'tauni, amene kwakukulukulu kumene kuli anthu. Kuphunzira n'kofunika kumvetsetsa mmene zachilengedwe a dziko nyama wonse.

zachilengedwe ndi chiyani?

Ubale - kuphunzira ubale pakati pa zamoyo, kuphatikizapo anthu ndi malo awo enieni. sayansi amayesetsa kumvetsa ubwenzi kulipo pakati pa zomera ndi nyama ndi padziko lonse. Ubale wa nyama ndi zomera mulinso mfundo za ubwino zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito chuma cha dziko lapansi, kuti kusunga malo wathanzi kalekale m'mibadwo yanu.
Timaphunzira ubale pakati pa zamoyo ndi malo awo pa mamba osiyana: Kuyambira mabakiteriya tosaoneka kukula mu Aquarium, kuti ankachita zovuta pakati zikwi zomera, nyama ndi madera ena. Zachilengedwe Komanso kufufuza zosiyanasiyana chilengedwe: ku tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tikukhala mu nthaka zomera ndi nyama rainforest kapena nyanja.

Udindo wa zachilengedwe pa moyo wathu

Ambiri a zapaderazi m'munda wa zachilengedwe, monga m'madzi, zomera ndi zachilengedwe zowerengera, zimatipatsa mudziwe kuti akumvetseni bwino m'dzikoli. Mfundozi kungatithandizenso kusintha chilengedwe chathu, naweruzire zopezeka zachilengedwe thanzi la munthu. Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza ena m'njira kudziwa chilengedwe akhala akuthandiza zabwino pa moyo wathu.

Ubale, kapena sayansi zachilengedwe - ndi nthambi ya zamoyo amene amafufuza ubale wa nyama ndi zomera ndi malo awo enieni ndi kwachilengedwenso. Chilengedwe thupi zikuphatikizapo kuunika ndi kutentha, cheza dzuwa, chinyezi, mpweya, mpweya, carbon dioxide, zakudya m'nthaka, madzi ndi mpweya. Chilengedwe kwachilengedwenso zikuphatikizapo zinthu za mtundu womwewo, komanso zomera ndi zamoyo zina.

Mmodzi wa sayansi zatsopano ndi mbiri yaitali

Animal Ubale ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zatsopano za Sciences, chidwi umene lili theka lachiwiri la zana la 20, ngakhale anthu kuphunzira ndi malo awo ankachita kale izi. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wa Aristotle, wafilosofi Greek Theophrastus anafotokoza ubale pakati pa nyama okha ndi anthu ena mu m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC. e.

Kudera limeneli anayamba ndi buku mu 1850 ndi Charles Darwin ake "Origin of Species" ndi ntchito za yofanana ndi odana Alfred Russel Wallace. inawo anamuzindikira monga kudalirana kwa nyama ndi zomera ndi grouping iwo mu madera moyo kapena biocenoses. Mu 1875, ku Austria miyala ndi nthaka Eduard Zyuss akufuna liwu biosphere kuphimba zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimathandiza kuti kuli moyo padziko lapansi.

Zoyamba za zachilengedwe

Mfundo yaikulu ya zachilengedwe ndi kuti aliyense chamoyo wamoyo uli zonse ndipo amakambirana ndi wina aliyense zathandiza pamalo ake. Topezeka akhoza limanenedwa ngati imeneyi pali zimachitika pakati pa zamoyo ndi malo awo. Moyenerera mitundu zogwirizana unyolo chakudya ndi webs chakudya. The Mphamvu ya dzuwa analanda opanga chachikulu (zomera) umene timapuma, imayenda mpaka unyolo wa owerenga chachikulu (herbivores), kenako zasekondale ndi ukachenjede ogula (carnivores, kapena zolusa). Dongosololi mulinso decomposers (bowa ndi mabakiteriya), zomwe kuwola ndinso zakudya ndi kubwerera iwo ku topezeka kudera.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Mavuto zachilengedwe angagwe ngati chilengedwe amasintha kwambiri moti limakhala akumane kupulumuka. mavuto Animal Ubale akhoza zogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo (kutentha kuchuluka kapena kuchepa mu mpweya), kulakwitsa kwa anthu (mafuta mumapezeka), chodziwa ntchito zolusa, yocheperapo kapena M'malo mwake, kwafalikira cha anthu choncho kulephera kukhalabe topezeka awo. M'zaka zochepa zapitazi, zochita za anthu ndi kwenikweni ndi chimphepochi chilengedwe. Likuvutika nkhalango, madera atsopano ulimi, ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi misewu komanso amathandiza kuti kuipitsa zinthu zachilengedwe.

zachilengedwe Mabwalo

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya Animal Ubale:

• Thupi (khalidwe), kuphunzira njira payekha anatengera chilengedwe.
• Population kuphunzira mphamvu anthu a mitundu kapena magulu a mitundu (mwachitsanzo, nyama, zomera kapena tizilombo zachilengedwe) ndi.
• zachilengedwe Community tikunena ankachita pakati pa mitundu mkati dera zachilengedwe.
• Topezeka zachilengedwe, zomwe adaphunzira otaya m'thupi kudzera zigawo zikuluzikulu topezeka.

Ndi nkhani ya malo onse, ndi akutali monga malo, amene tikunena njira ndi mabwenzi zinthu zachilengedwe zingapo kapena lalikulu kwambiri m'madera zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, Arctic, kumalo ozizira, nyanja, ndi zina zotero. D.), Ndipo chilengedwe cha munthu.

Chikoka pa nyama

Ubale (kuchokera oikos Greek - nyumba ndi Logos - kudziwa) - ndi maphunziro a sayansi mmene zamoyo kucheza ndi mnzake, komanso ndi malo awo achilengedwe. Iye amaona ubwenzi zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi mfundo ina. Anaphunzitsidwa njira thupi ndi kutentha kulamulira, zakudya ndipo thupi. Zinthu zokhudza nyama ingakhale monga matenda, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zotsatira poizoni.

Ubale - ndi maphunziro a sayansi kufalitsidwa, kuchuluka ndi ubwenzi wa zamoyo ndi zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Timaphunzira chirichonse kuchokera udindo wa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono mu yobwezeretsanso michere zotsatira za M'nkhalango zikuluzikulu mu m'mlengalenga. Animal Ubale ndi umakhudza Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, kusanduka, chibadwa.

Chaka chilichonse, anthu ambirimbiri padziko lonse mitundu kutha, n'kovuta kuyerekeza predstvavit mmene wofuna kungakhale vuto anthu. The zomera ndi wapadera ndipo nyama ndi mbali yofunika ya chilengedwe, monga iwo zonse chiwerengero cha zomera zimene zimachititsa kufala kwa mungu, zipatso, mbewu, ndi mbali yofunika ya unyolo okwanira, mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe nthaka mapangidwe mitunda.

kumvetsa cilamulo wa zachilengedwe

Ngati sayansi zambiri, kumvetsa cilamulo wa zachilengedwe zimakhudza mfundo yokhudza phunziro, kuphatikizapo:

• Moyo njira kufotokoza zimasintha.
• Kufalitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa zamoyo.
• Kayendedwe ka zinthu ndiponso mphamvu mwa madera moyo.
• Kupitiriza chitukuko zinthu zachilengedwe.
• Wochuluka ndi kufalitsa pakuleka pa nkhani ya chilengedwe.

Ubale ndi chosiyana ndi mbiri zachilengedwe, zomwe zimagwiritsa za phunziro logwirizana ndi zamoyo. Izi boma mwambo wa zamoyo, zomwe ndi za moyo.

chitetezo cha nyama

Animal Ubale - ndi sayansi interdisciplinary, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa mphambano ya zinyama, zachilengedwe ndi madera. Iye kuphunzira za moyo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama, malingana ndi chilengedwe. Popeza nyama ndi mbali ya topezeka, iwo ali kwambiri kuti zikhale ndi moyo padziko lathuli. Iwo unafalikira ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi: amakhala mu nkhalango ndi zipululu, minda ndi madzi mu Arctic, zouluka mlengalenga, ndipo tibiseni pansi.

Funso lofunika kwambiri mu zachilengedwe - chitetezo cha nyama. zinthu zambirimbiri zodziwira kusintha zosiyanasiyana mitundu pa mamba osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ena ogwirira zingakhale zovulaza mitundu munthu, pamaso pawo angathandize kuchepetsa kapena kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mitundu pano m'deralo. Conservation zamoyo Cholinga kumvetsa zimene odana ndi kutha kwa mitundu, ndi kuti anthu akhoza kuchita kuteteza disappearances.

alowererepo anthu

The mavuto a zachilengedwe zimene zimakhudza osati anthu komanso nyama monga kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, madzi, nthaka zauve, asidi mvula. kudula mitengo, ngalande achinyontho, mtsinje limasinthira kuyambitsa chakuti pamtengo topezeka lonse. DNA atengere mwamsanga kusintha kwa zinthu, kusintha malo, osati aliyense tiwapirire. Zotsatira - kuchepetsa kapena ikutha wathunthu wa anthu. Ziweto ali kwambiri amadalira boma ndi chilengedwe zinthu. Zowononga alowererepo anthu mu chikhalidwe akhoza kuwononga mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a zinyama popanda n'zotheka kuti achire iwo.