Mitundu ndi chitsanzo cha topezeka kudera. CHITSANZO kusintha topezeka

Steppe, deciduous nkhalango, dambo, Aquarium, nyanja, munda - item aliyense kuchokera mndandanda angaonedwe ngati chitsanzo cha topezeka kudera. M'nkhaniyi, ife adzafotokoza akamanena za mfundo imeneyi ndiponso kuganizira mbali zake zosiyanasiyana.

Madera zachilengedwe

Ubale - sayansi kuti amaphunzira mbali zonse za unansi wa zamoyo m'chilengedwe. Choncho, phunziro la iye si munthu payekha ndi zinthu linakhalapo. Ubale tauka khalidwe chifukwa cha zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi wopindula. Choncho, kuchotsedwa anthu amasankha kukhala mbali ya kugwira ntchito biocenosis, womwenso nambala ya zamoyo.

Koma anthu kuthengo kucheza osati mwa iwo okha komanso ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mmene chilengedwe. Zoterezi m'dera zachilengedwe otchedwa topezeka kudera. Kusonyeza lingaliro ili ntchito mawu akuti biogeocoenosis. Ndi Aquarium kakang'ono, ndipo chosefukira nayonso - ichi ndi chitsanzo cha topezeka kudera.

Topezeka: tanthauzo

Monga mukuonera, topezeka ndi wokongola yotakata yaitali. M'lingaliro sayansi, dera lino ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi malo abiotic. Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi a topezeka monga steppe ndi. Izi ndi lotseguka busa malo ndi zomera ndi nyama zimene ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za yozizira achisanu ndi otentha youma m'chilimwe. M'kupita kwa anatengera moyo mu chipululu iwo apanga chiwerengero popirira njira.

Choncho, makoswe ambiri kupanga mavesi mobisa imene kusunga nkhokwe tirigu. Ena zomera steppe ndi kusinthidwa ngati ndege, monga babu. Ndi khalidwe la tulips, crocuses, snowdrops. Pasanathe sabata ziwiri mpaka chinyezi chokwanira m'chaka, nthawi yawo kukula mphukira ndi ottsvesti. A nthawi akumane nazo pansi, kudyetsa chifukwa zakudya kale ndithu ndi madzi minofu mababu.

zomera monga chimanga ndi wina mobisa kusinthidwa kuthawa - pomwepo kenaka. internodes ake elongated ndi chuma kuwonjezera. Zitsanzo ndi monga chimanga steppe moto bluegrass, hedgehog, fescue, bentgrass. Chinthu china ndi masamba yopapatiza kuti kuteteza evaporation kwambiri.

Gawo zinthu zachilengedwe

Monga amadziwika, malire topezeka anapereka phytocenoses - mbewu m'madera. Mbali imeneyi ntchito ndi gulu la Ayuda amenewa. Motero, nkhalango - ndi topezeka zachilengedwe zitsanzo za amene ali yosiyanasiyana: thundu, Aspen, otentha, birch, Oil, linden, hornbeam.

Pa mtima wa classifications ena zonal kapena nyengo makhalidwe. Chitsanzo cha topezeka ichi - gulu la alumali kapena coastlines, miyala kapena mchenga chipululu, floodplain kapena meadows subalpine. Kuchotsedwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya m'madera amapanga envelopu lonse la dziko lathuli - ndi biosphere.

Natural m'chilengedwe: Zitsanzo

kusiyana A ndi zachilengedwe ndi yokumba biogeocoenoses. Community yoyamba ntchito popanda munthu. Natural moyo topezeka zitsanzo za amene ali mokwanira ambiri, ndi dongosolo ozungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti yaikulu zomera kupanga zimabwerera kachiwiri mu vuto la zinthu ndiponso mphamvu. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti ayenera kudutsa zosiyanasiyana kundipatsako unyolo.

agrobiocenoses

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, munthu analengedwa ambiri m'chilengedwe yokumba. Zitsanzo m'madera amenewa - izo agrobiocenoses. Zikuphatikizapo minda, minda, minda ya zipatso, msipu, greenhouses, nthandala nkhalango. Agrocnosises analenga za ulimi. Mu pali zinthu womwewo wa unyolo chakudya, ndi kuti topezeka achilengedwe.

Olima mu agrocenoses ndi onse chikhalidwe ndi namsongole. Makoswe, ogwirira, tizilombo, mbalame - ndi consuments kapena ogula la nkhani organic. A mabakiteriya ndi bowa kuimira gulu decomposers. Chinthu chapadera ndi kuvomerezedwa nawo agrobiocenoses munthu amene ulalo zofunika mu unyolo chakudya ndi kutitengera zikhalidwe kwa topezeka zokolola yokumba.

Kuyerekezera zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe ndi yokumba

zimadalirana yokumba, zitsanzo zimene ife afotokozedwa kale, pali zinthu zingapo kuipa poyerekeza ndi masoka. Yotsirizira amasiyana bata ndi luso kudziletsa lamulo. Koma agrobiocenoses popanda anthu kwa nthawi yaitali kulibe. Mwachitsanzo, munda wa tirigu kapena munda ndi mbewu masamba wokha dzabala kuposa chaka, zomera osatha - pafupifupi atatu. Mbiri pankhaniyi munda zomera zipatso zomwe angathe kukhala zawo kwa zaka 20.

zimadalirana Natural okha dzuwa mphamvu. Munthuyu anapita agrobiocenoses wake zina magwero mu mawonekedwe a tillage, fetereza, aeration, ulamuliro udzu ndi ulamuliro tizilombo. Komabe, tidziwa Nthawi zambiri pomwe zochita za anthu komanso kuyambitsa mavuto: nthaka amenewa ndi waterlogging, chipululu, ndi kuipitsidwa a zipolopolo achilengedwe.

zimadalirana m'tawuni

Pa gawo lino la chitukuko cha anthu kale anasintha kwambiri kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka biosphere lapansi. Choncho, kuonetsetsa chipolopolo osiyana, amene analengedwa ndi zochita za anthu. Limatchedwa noosphere. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chitukuko yaikulu kufika chinthu monga mizinda - kukula udindo wa mizinda moyo wa munthu. Iwo ali kale kunyumba oposa theka la anthu lathuli.

topezeka m'tawuni ali makhalidwe yake. Anaononga chiŵerengero cha zigawo za webs chakudya, chifukwa lamulo njira zonse kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa zinthu ndiponso mphamvu, ikuchitika yekha anthu. Kupanga okha ubwino onse n'kotheka, amalenga misa ndi zinthu chowawa. Akupha mpweya, mayendedwe ndi nyumba mavuto, mpweya wambiri wa odwala, phokoso zonse kungasokoneze thanzi la anthu a m'tauni.

ndi motsatizana Kodi

Nthawi zambiri mu dera limodzi pali kusintha kwa madera achilengedwe. zodabwitsazi amatchedwa motsatizana. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za kusintha topezeka - Maonekedwe a nkhalango yolimba m'malo pine. Chifukwa moto mbewu kusungidwa mu azikhala gawo. Koma kumera zawo zimatenga nthawi yaitali. Choncho, choyamba powonekera pa moto limapezeka zomera herbaceous. Pa nthawi m'malo tchire, ndipo, iwonso, - mitengo deciduous. Awa amatchedwa motsatizana sekondale. Zidzachitika mchikakamizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zochita za anthu. Mu chikhalidwe, ali zofala.

Pulayimale motsatizana kugwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya mapangidwe nthaka. Ndi mmene kwa malo wopanda moyo. Mwachitsanzo, miyala, mchenga, miyala, Sandy loam. Pankhaniyi, choyamba zinthu mapangidwe nthaka, ndiye angobwera ndi zina zigawo zikuluzikulu biogeocoenose.

Choncho, topezeka imatchedwa m'dera mbali biotic ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo. Iwo kugwirizana makope zinthu ndiponso mphamvu.