Anthropological chuma cha Feuerbach pa akamanena za munthu ndi chipembedzo

Lyudvig Feyerbah anabadwa mu wazamalamulo banja. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa luso zamulungu wa ku yunivesite ya Heidelberg, iye anabwera mchikakamizo cha Hegel ndipo ndinalembetsa University of Berlin mphamvu ya Philosophy. Koma tsoka lake anali kuti wakhala kwambiri kukhumudwa - nthanthi Hegel, ndipo mu "kutukuka" moyo. Mpaka imfa yake, iye ankakhala m'mudzi. ntchito yake yaikulu analemba - "wunika wa Philosophy Hegel a", "Chikristu", "Mfundo za Philosophy cha Tsogolo" - akumanga maziko a nzeru watsopano, amene amakhala ngati chuma anthropological.

Mbali yaikulu ya nzeru ili ndi wunika a chabe. Feuerbach akuitana chakale German nzeru idealist, chifukwa kuyesera kubweretsa kunja dziko maganizo. Apa tikutengegeredwa ku ulamuliro wa mbalume, kuchenjeza maganizo achipembedzo pa kachitidwe nzeru zaumunthu, mtundu wa "chipembedzo zovuta kuzimvetsa." Mwachidule, ngati ochiritsira maganizo achipembedzo zilamulire Theism - kukhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, ndi German nzeru - chabe Mzimu odziwika bwino nzeru. Anthropological chuma cha Feuerbach akana dialectic Hegel ndi, monga mtundu wa mtsutso zimene choonadi atayika. Nzeru zatsopano ndi kuthetsa nzeru za Hegel, mu mgwirizano ndi sayansi zachilengedwe pofuna kumvetsa chenicheni, osati kungoganiza mwayi wa munthu. Komanso, awukitsa funso la akamanena za munthu, chifukwa mgwirizano kukhala ndi kungoganiza zomveka munthu, chifukwa munthu ndi umodzi wa chinthu chauzimu ndi corporeal, ndi chofunikira wake - mu chochitika, mu zimamvekera.

nzeru anthropological a dongosolo Feuerbach ndi sayansi konsekonse. ziphunzitso zake zonse chinamulowerera anthropologism. Nature kwa Feuerbach nkhani zofanana. Ndi wosatha zosiyanasiyana, kosalekeza, makina, anatsimikiza mtima malo ndi nthawi. Izi weniweni yekhayo - palibe kanthu. Man, monga anamaliza chikhalidwe - palibe kanthu zosakwana anthu, ndi pamwamba pa izo. "The kuganizira za chilengedwe ndi munthu lili zinsinsi zonse za nzeru" - nzeru zapamwamba limanena. The zosiyanasiyana mtima anthu amasonyeza zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe. Knowledge n'zotheka kuyamika zimamvekera.

Mphamvu Musadzinamize ife, ndipo n'zozama - iwo ali chokwanira pa chidziwitso cha zochitika zonse. Mtima chilengedwe - iwo anaganiza ndipo ndinaganiza - maganizo. Anthropological chuma cha Feuerbach amaika atalemba kuti maganizo zachokera zimamvekera ndi likugwirizana kuti: ". Wokhudzidwa timawerenga m'buku la chilengedwe, koma ife kumvetsa maganizo ake" Choncho, maganizo Ndikofunikira kufuna pyakubisika zinthu. Komabe, ntchito zothandiza, mwa mawu a nzeru, mtundu uwu maganizo si, ndipo sayenera - mchitidwe inimical onse nzeru ndi malingaliro, ndi zauve ndi malonda.

Mosiyana ndi nzeru za masiku a achikunja, anthropological chuma cha Feuerbach amaona chipembedzo si monga kukomeza vapid - izo ananyamuka ku mantha ndi mavuto wosazindikira munthu, komanso pa chibadidwe anthufe timafuna ungwiro. "Mulungu, - anamaliza Feuerbach - ndicho chimene anthu akufuna kukhala." Choncho, akamanena za chipembedzo - mu mtima wa munthu. Development wa chipembedzo lolingana siteji ya chitukuko mbiri. Mwamunayo anali amadalira kotheratu chikhalidwe, chipembedzo masoka, ndi munthu amene analenga abwino ndi kumuika pafupi yekha, kupembedza munthu umboni - chipembedzo anakhala wauzimu. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi mfundo chipembedzo chotero, monga Utatu, chimene chiri mochitika chizindikiro cha m'banja.

Anthropological chuma cha Feuerbach kumabweretsa Chikristu ambiri ndi maganizo achipembedzo cha chikondi. Vuto la chipembedzo ndi abwino mumangire - zikutanthauza kuti ngati ganizoli chitakwaniritsidwa, chipembedzo idzapita (chifukwa munthu alibe ulamuliro wa zamatsenga, Eti nzeru za). Munthu lotengeka ndi zikhumbo zake koposa zonse, kudzikonda, choncho ufulu kwa munthu - ndi polenga zinthu iye, pamene iye sangathe kuchita zimene iye akufuna. Mphamvu ya chikhalidwe galimoto ndi egoism zomveka, zomwe kwathunthu ambiri anasonyeza chikondi, chifukwa bwino akuimira ubale pakati pa "ine" ndi "inu." Choncho, chipembedzo zauzimu n'kofunika, malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, kuti m'malo mwambo mwa munthu wachibadwa ndi wachikondi. Mwachidule Anthropology pa Feuerbach, Chichewa kamodzi ananenapo kuti iye "akufuna kutaya anthu onse mu manja wina, kaya jenda ndi zaka."